A narrow gauge railway (or narrow gauge railroad) is a railway that has a track gauge narrower than the 1,435 mm (4 ft 8½ in) of standard gauge railways. "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. Rail gauge is the distance between the inner sides of the two parallel rails that make up a railway track. The standard gauge (also named the Stephenson gauge after George Stephenson, or Normal gauge) is a widely-used Rail gauge. Most existing narrow gauge railways have gauges of 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) or less.

Rail gauge
Broad gauge
Standard gauge
Scotch gauge
Narrow gauge
Minimum gauge
List of rail gauges
Dual gauge
Gauge conversion
Break-of-gauge
Rail tracks
Tramway track
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Overview

Since narrow gauge railways are usually built with smaller radius curves and smaller structure gauges, they can be substantially cheaper to build, equip, and operate than standard gauge or broad gauge railways, particularly in mountainous terrain. The structure gauge, also called the minimum clearance outline, is the minimum size of Tunnels and Bridges as well as the minimum size of the doors that allow The lower costs of narrow gauge railways mean they are often built to serve industries and communities where the traffic potential would not justify the costs of building a standard or broad gauge line. Narrow gauge railways also have specialized use in mines and other environments where a very small structure gauge makes a very small loading gauge necessary. Mining is the extraction of valuable Minerals or other geological materials from the earth usually (but not always from an Ore body A loading gauge is the envelope or contoured shape within which all Railroad cars, Locomotives coaches Buses Trucks and other On the other hand, standard gauge or broad gauge railways generally have a greater haulage capacity and allow greater speeds than narrow gauge systems.

Historically, many narrow gauge railways were built as part of specific industrial enterprises and were primarily industrial railways rather than general carriers. An industrial railway is a type of private Railway used exclusively to serve a particular industrial site either entirely within a mine or Factory Some common uses for these industrial narrow gauge railways were mining, logging, construction, tunnelling, quarrying, and the conveying of agricultural products. Mining is the extraction of valuable Minerals or other geological materials from the earth usually (but not always from an Ore body Logging is the process in which Trees are cut down for Forest management and Timber. In the fields of Architecture and Civil engineering, construction is a process that consists of the Building or assembling of Infrastructure A tunnel is an underground passageway The definition of what constitutes a tunnel is not universally agreed upon A quarry is a type of open-pit mine from which rock or Minerals are extracted Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture Extensive narrow gauge networks were constructed in many parts of the world for these purposes. Significant sugarcane railways still operate in Cuba, Fiji, Java, the Philippines and in Queensland in Australia. Sugarcane ( Saccharum) is a genus of 6 to 37 species (depending on taxonomic interpretation of tall perennial grasses (family Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la Fiji (Matanitu ko Viti फ़िजी officially the Republic of the Fiji Islands (Matanitu Tu-Vaka-i-koya ko Viti फ़िजी द्वीप समूह गणराज्य Java (Jawa is an Island of Indonesia and the site of its Capital city Jakarta. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Queensland is a state of Australia, occupying the north-eastern corner of the mainland continent For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Narrow gauge railway equipment remains in common use for the construction of tunnels. A tunnel is an underground passageway The definition of what constitutes a tunnel is not universally agreed upon

The other significant reason for narrow gauge railways to be constructed was to take advantage of reduced construction costs in mountainous or difficult terrain, hence the national railway systems of countries such as Indonesia, Japan and New Zealand are primarily or solely narrow gauge. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Trench railways of the World War I western front demonstrate a brief military application of this advantage. Trench Railways represented Military adaptation of early 20th century Railway technology to the problem of keeping Soldiers supplied during the static World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Non-industrial narrow gauge mountain railways are or were common in the Rocky Mountains of the USA and the Pacific Cordillera of Canada, in Mexico, Switzerland, the former Yugoslavia, Greece, India, and Costa Rica. Mountain peaks of the Rocky Mountains The Rocky Mountains, often called the Rockies, are a Mountain range in western North America. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Pacific Coast Ranges are the series of Mountain ranges that stretch along the west coast of North America from Alaska to northern and central Mexico Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation See also Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Costa Rica, officially the Republic of Costa Rica ( Spanish: Costa Rica or República de Costa Rica,) is a Country in Another country with a notable national railway built to narrow gauge is South Africa where the "Cape gauge" of 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) is the most common gauge. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa In India, the narrow gauge system is slowly being converted to broad gauge, although some of India's most famous railways, the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway and Kalka-Shimla Railway are both narrow gauge. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, nicknamed the "Toy Train" is a gauge Narrow-gauge railway from Siliguri to Darjeeling in West The Kalka-Shimla Railway is a narrow gauge Railway in North-West India travelling along a mostly mountainous route from Kalka to Shimla All metre gauge railways are being converted to broad gauge uder the Unigauge project, and also a few narrow-gauge lines shall be converted to BG, shattering many railfans. A narrow gauge railway (or narrow gauge railroad) is a Railway that has a Track gauge narrower than the of Standard gauge railways Broad gauge Railways use a Rail gauge (distance between the rails greater than the Standard gauge of. Project Unigauge is an ongoing exercise of the Indian Railways to standardise most of the Rail gauge in India towards a single 1676 mm (5 ft 6 in

History of narrow gauge railways

The earliest recorded railway is shown in the De re metallica of 1556, which shows a mine in the Czech Republic with a railway of approximately 2 ft (610 mm) gauge. De re metallica ( Latin for On the Nature of Metals (Minerals) is a book cataloging the state of the art of Mining, refining and Smelting The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, During the 16th century railways were mainly restricted to hand-pushed narrow gauge lines in mines throughout Europe. During the 17th century mine railways were extended to provide transportation above ground. These lines were industrial, connecting mines with nearby transportation points, usually canals or other waterways. An industrial railway is a type of private Railway used exclusively to serve a particular industrial site either entirely within a mine or Factory These railways were usually built to the same narrow gauge as the mine railways they developed from. ^[1]

Advantages of narrow gauge

Narrow gauge railways usually cost less to build because they are usually lighter in construction, using smaller cars and locomotives (smaller loading gauge) as well as smaller bridges, smaller tunnels (smaller structure gauge) and tighter curves. In the fields of Architecture and Civil engineering, construction is a process that consists of the Building or assembling of Infrastructure A railroad car or railway carriage is a Vehicle on a rail transport system (railroad or railway that is used for the carrying of Cargo or A locomotive is a railway Vehicle that provides the motive power for a Train. A loading gauge is the envelope or contoured shape within which all Railroad cars, Locomotives coaches Buses Trucks and other A bridge is a Structure built to span a Gorge, Valley, Road, railroad track, River, Body of water A tunnel is an underground passageway The definition of what constitutes a tunnel is not universally agreed upon The structure gauge, also called the minimum clearance outline, is the minimum size of Tunnels and Bridges as well as the minimum size of the doors that allow Narrow gauge is thus often used in mountainous terrain, where the savings in heavy civil engineering work can be substantial. A mountain is a Landform that extends above the surrounding Terrain in a limited area with a peak Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design construction and maintenance of the physical and naturally built It is also used in very sparsely populated areas where the potential demand is too low for the building of broader gauge railways to be economically viable. This is the case in most of Australia and Southern Africa, where extremely old soils can support only population densities too low for standard gauge to be viable.

There are many narrow gauge street tramways, particularly in Europe where 1,000 mm (3 ft 3⅜ in) gauge tramways are common. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train Narrow gauge allows even tighter turning than 4 ft 8½ in (1,435 mm) gauge or 4 ft 10⅞ in (1,495 mm) gauge in restricted city streets. The Toronto streetcar system comprises eleven streetcar ( Tram) routes in Toronto, Ontario, Canada operated by the Toronto Transit Commission The tighter turning circle also make balloon loops at the end of routes easier, which in turn allows the use of unidirectional trams with a driver's cab at one end only, and doors on one side, and thus more space for passengers. A Balloon loop is a track arrangement that allows a train to reverse direction and return to where it came from without having to shunt or even to stop

Extensive narrow gauge railway systems served the front-line trenches of both sides in World War I. Trench Railways represented Military adaptation of early 20th century Railway technology to the problem of keeping Soldiers supplied during the static World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All After the end of the war the surplus equipment from these railways created a small boom in the building of narrow gauge railways in Europe.

For temporary railroads that will be removed after a short-term need, such as for construction, the logging industry and the mining industry, a narrow gauge railroad is substantially cheaper and easier to install and remove. Logging is the process in which Trees are cut down for Forest management and Timber. Mining is the extraction of valuable Minerals or other geological materials from the earth usually (but not always from an Ore body However, this use of railroads is almost extinct thanks to the capabilities of modern trucks. This article is about the semi-truck For the North American use of the word see Pickup truck.

In many countries narrow gauge railroads were built as "feeder" or "branch" lines to feed traffic to more important standard gauge railroads, due to their lower construction costs. The choice was often not between a narrow gauge railroad and a standard gauge one, but between a narrow gauge railroad and none at all.

Disadvantages of narrow gauge

Narrow gauge railroads cannot interchange equipment such as freight and passenger cars freely with the standard gauge or broad gauge railroads they link with, unless they exchange bogies. The standard gauge (also named the Stephenson gauge after George Stephenson, or Normal gauge) is a widely-used Rail gauge. Broad gauge Railways use a Rail gauge (distance between the rails greater than the Standard gauge of. Bogie exchange is a system for operating railway wagons on two or more gauges to overcome difference in the Rail gauge. That means that narrow gauge lines have a built-in cost of transshipping people and freight to the mainline railway system. The cost of transshipment can be a substantial drain on the finances of a railroad because it involves expensive and time consuming manual labour or substantial capital expenditure. Some bulk commodities, such as coal, ore and gravel, can be mechanically transshipped, but this still incurs time penalties and these mechanical devices are often complex to maintain. An ore is a volume of rock containing components or Minerals in a mode of occurrence that renders it valuable for mining Gravel is rock that is of a specific Particle size range In Geology, gravel is any loose rock that is larger than two millimeters (2mm

One solution to the problem of transshipment is bogie exchange between cars. Bogie exchange is a system for operating railway wagons on two or more gauges to overcome difference in the Rail gauge. Another solution to this problem is the roll-block system. The roll-block system allows a coupled train of standard gauge wagons to be automatically loaded or rolled onto pre-coupled narrow gauge transporter wagons so that the train can then continue Although successfully deployed in some countries such as Germany and Austria, this technique came too late for the majority of narrow gauge lines. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Transfer of containers is also an option. Containerization (or containerisation) is a system of Intermodal freight transport Cargo Transport using standard ISO containers

The problem of interchangeability is less serious for regions that have a large system of narrow gauge lines, such as northern Spain, and does not exist in those countries in which the narrow gauge is the standard, such as New Zealand, South Africa and the Australian island state of Tasmania. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Tasmania is an Australian island and state of the same name It is located south of the eastern side of the Continent, being separated from it by Bass

The problem of interchangeability is more serious in North America because a continent-wide system of freight car interchange developed. All the standard gauge railways in North America use the same standard couplings and air brakes, which means that freight cars can be freely interchanged between railways from Northern Canada to Southern Mexico. Railways who need more freight cars can simply borrow them from other railways during peak periods, while the railways who own the cars receive payments for them at rates set by common agreement. Peak demand, particularly for grain shipment, occurs in different parts of North America at different times, so freight cars are shuffled back and forth across the continent to wherever they are needed. Motive power can also be interchanged, which sometimes results in Mexican locomotives pulling Canadian freight cars and vice versa.

Narrow gauge railways could not participate in this system, which meant that they usually had to own several times as much rolling stock as equivalent standard gauge railways, and they did not receive any cash flow for surplus equipment during periods of low demand. All these problems also exist for railways with a broader gauge than (the local) standard, but such railways are generally less common. Since most narrow gauge railways were undercapitalized to begin with, this eventually resulted in nearly all North American narrow gauge railways either going bankrupt or being converted to standard gauge.

Another problem with narrow gauge railroads is that they lacked room to grow - their cheap construction was bought at the price of being engineered only for their initial traffic demands. While a standard or broad gauge railroad could more easily be upgraded to handle heavier, faster traffic, many narrow gauge railroads were impractical to improve. Speeds and loads hauled could not increase, so traffic density was significantly limited.

Narrow gauge railroads can be built to handle increased speed and loading, but at the price of removing most of the narrow gauge's cost advantage over standard or broad gauge.

Because of the reduced stability of narrower gauge, narrow gauge trains are not able to run at nearly the same high speeds as those networks with broader gauges unless the tracks are aligned with greater precision. However in Japan and Queensland, Australia, recent permanent way improvements have allowed trains on 1067 mm gauge tracks to run at 160 km/h (100 mph) and higher. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Queensland is a state of Australia, occupying the north-eastern corner of the mainland continent For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Queensland Rail's tilt train is presently the fastest train in Australia, despite the gauge it runs on. QR Limited is the company government-owned corporation responsible for the operation and maintenance of the railway system in the State of Queensland The Tilt Train is a Queensland Rail train running the coast of Queensland, from Brisbane to Rockhampton and Cairns. Standard gauge or broad gauge trains can run at up to 320 km/h (200 mph); this is most evident in the case of the Japanese Shinkansen, a network of standard gauge lines built solely for high speed rail in a country where narrow gauge is the predominant standard. The standard gauge (also named the Stephenson gauge after George Stephenson, or Normal gauge) is a widely-used Rail gauge. Broad gauge Railways use a Rail gauge (distance between the rails greater than the Standard gauge of. The is a Network of High-speed railway lines in Japan operated by four Japan Railways Group companies

Exceptions to the rule

The heavy duty 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) narrow gauge railways in Australia (eg Queensland), South Africa and New Zealand, show that if the track is built to a heavy-duty standard, a performance almost as good as a standard gauge line is possible. 200-car trains operate on the Sishen-Saldanha railroad in South Africa, and high-speed tilt-trains in Queensland (see below). Sishen is a town in the mid north of South Africa. It is the location of a large iron ore mine Another example of a heavy-duty narrow gauge line is EFVM in Brazil. 1,000 mm (3 ft 3⅜ in) gauge, it has over-100-pound rail and a loading gauge almost as large as US non-excess-height lines. A Rail profile is a Hot rolled Steel profile of a specific Shape or cross section (an asymmetrical I-beam) designed A loading gauge is the envelope or contoured shape within which all Railroad cars, Locomotives coaches Buses Trucks and other It sees 4000 hp locomotives and 200+ car trains. In South Africa and New Zealand, the loading gauge is similar to the restricted British loading gauge, and in New Zealand some British Rail Mark 2 carriages have been rebuilt with new bogies for use by Tranz Scenic (Wellington-Palmerston North service), Tranz Metro (Wellington-Masterton service) and Veolia (Auckland suburban services). Tranz Scenic is the long-distance Passenger train brand of KiwiRail, formed from the New Zealand Railways Corporation InterCity Rail services Tranz Metro is the operator of the suburban rail system in Wellington, the capital city of New Zealand. Veolia Transport Auckland, formerly Connex Auckland Limited, is a division of Australasia 's largest Passenger train company French-owned Veolia

It is possible to build standard and even broad gauge lines cheaply to light railway standards with short radii (tight curves) and steep grades, instead of building narrow gauge lines. Light railway refers to a Railway built at lower costs and to lower standards than typical "heavy rail" The trains operate at lower speeds and with lower capacities. This allows through-routeing of rolling stock, and simplifies later upgrading.

Gauges used

There are many narrow gauges in use or formerly used between 15 in (381 mm) gauge and 4 ft 8½ in (1,435 mm) gauge. They fall into three broad categories:

Medium gauge railways

Railways built on gauges between 3 ft (914 mm) and 4 ft 8½ in (1,435 mm) are sometimes referred to as "medium-gauge" railways.

In those parts of the world where the railroads were built to British standards, this meant most commonly a gauge of 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) or the "Cape Gauge", while those built to American standards were normally 3 ft (914 mm). Railways built to European metric standards were most commonly of 1,000 mm (3 ft 3⅜ in) or "metre gauge" and 900 mm (2 ft 11½ in) gauge.

These larger narrow gauges are capable of hauling most traffic with little difficulty and are thus suitable for large-scale "common carrier" applications, although their ultimate speed and load limits are lower than for standard gauge.

Two foot gauge railways

The next natural "grouping" of narrow gauge railroads covers the range from just below 600 mm (1 ft 11⅝ in) to just below 3 ft (914 mm), although the majority are between 2 ft (610 mm) and 760 mm (2 ft 5⅞ in). These lightweight lines can be built at a substantial cost saving over medium or standard gauge railways, but are generally restricted in their carrying capacity. The majority of these were built in mountainous areas and most were to carry mineral traffic from mines to ports or standard gauge railroads. Many were industrial lines rather than common carriers, though there were exceptions such as the extensive 760 mm (2 ft 5⅞ in) lines built in the former Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the "Maine two footer" lines in New England. History See also History of New England New England's earliest inhabitants were Algonquian -speaking Native Americans including the Trench railways of World War I produced the greatest concentration of two foot gauge railways observed to date. Trench Railways represented Military adaptation of early 20th century Railway technology to the problem of keeping Soldiers supplied during the static World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The most common metric gauges in this group are 760 mm (2 ft 5⅞ in) and 750 mm (2 ft 5½ in).

Minimum gauge railways

Gauges below 600 mm (1 ft 11⅝ in) were rare, but did exist. In Britain, Sir Arthur Heywood developed 15 in (381 mm) gauge estate railways, while in France Decauville produced a range of industrial railways running on 400 mm (15¾ in) and 500 mm (1 ft 7¾ in) tracks, most commonly in such restricted environments such as underground mine railways. Sir Arthur Percival Heywood 3rd Baronet ( 25 December 1849 &ndash 19 April 1916) was the eldest son of Sir Thomas Percival Heywood There were more than a thousand British narrow gauge railways ranging from large historically significant Common carriers Paul Decauville (1846-1922 was a French pioneer in light railways Mining is the extraction of valuable Minerals or other geological materials from the earth usually (but not always from an Ore body A number of 18 in (457 mm) gauge railways were built in Britain to serve ammunition depots and other military facilities, particularly during the First World War. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All

Narrow gauge railways less than 1 ft 10¾ in (578 mm) gauge are known as minimum gauge railways. Minimum Gauge Railways have a gauge of less than or, most commonly,, or.

Narrow gauge worldwide

Europe

Austria

The first railway in Austria was the narrow gauge line from Gmunden in the Salzkammergut to Budweis, now in the Czech Republic, this was 1,106 mm (3 ft 7½ in) gauge. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Gmunden is a town in Upper Austria, Austria in the district of Gmunden. The Salzkammergut is a Resort area located in Austria. It stretches from City of Salzburg to the Dachstein mountain range spanning the České Budějovice (ˈtʃɛskɛː ˈbuɟɛjovɪtsɛ colloquially Budějce; Budweis or Böhmisch Budweis, often referred to simply as Budweis in The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, Some two dozen lines were built in 760 mm (2 ft 5⅞ in) gauge [3], a few in 1,000 mm (3 ft 3⅜ in) gauge. The first was the Steyrtalbahn. Others were built by provincial governments, some lines are still in common carrier use and a number of others are preservation projects. The tramway network in Innsbruck is also metre gauge; in Linz the rather unusual gauge of 900 mm (2 ft 11½ in) is in use. Innsbruck is the capital city of the federal state of Tyrol in western Austria. Linz is the third largest city of Austria and capital of the state of Upper Austria (Oberösterreich

Bulgaria

From the 19th into the early 20th there were many 600 mm (1 ft 11⅝ in) and 760 mm (2 ft 5⅞ in) gauge railways in Bulgaria, but today, only 245 km remain. The Mariazellerbahn ("Mariazell Railway" is an electrically operated narrow-gauge railway of the Österreichische Bundesbahnen with a track gauge This is the Septemvri - Dobrinishte line, where the highest railway station on the Balkan peninsula is situated. The line although in a worn out condition, is still actively used - the trains are pulled by Henschel locos. One of the old steam locomotives has been restored recently and is used occasionally for hauling tourist trains. The extensive Sofia tramway network is also metre gauge.

Belarus

Belarus has one operating 750 mm (2 ft 5½ in) gauge Children's railway, located in Minsk. A children's railway is an extracurricular educational institution where teenagers learn railway professions Locos - TU2.

Some industrial narrow gauge railways can still be found in Belarus particularly associated with the peat extraction industry.

Belgium

The Vicinal or Buurtspoor were a system of narrow gauge local railways or tramways covering the whole country and having a greater routage than the mainline railway system. The Tramways vicinaux or Buurtspoorwegen were a system of narrow gauge tramways or local Railways in Belgium, which covered the whole For specific light rail systems many of which use the words "light rail" as part of their name see List of light-rail transit systems. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train They were 1,000 mm (3 ft 3⅜ in) gauge and the system included electrified city lines as well as rural lines using steam locomotives and railcars; half of the system was electrified. A steam locomotive is a Locomotive powered by Steam. The term usually refers to its use on Railways but can also refer to a "road locomotive" Many lines carried freight. Only the coastal line and two routes near Charleroi are still in commercial use, four museums hold significant collections of former SNCV/NMBS rolling stock, one of which is the ASVi museum in Thuin. Charleroi (Tchålerwè is the largest city and municipality of Wallonia, located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium. The ASVi is a tramway museum in Thuin in Belgium, which specialises in the history of the Belgian narrow gauge Vicinal system Thuin is a Walloon municipality located in the Belgian province of Hainaut. The tramway networks in Antwerp and Ghent are also metre gauge. ||-||-||-||} Antwerp ( Dutch:, French: Anvers) is a City and Municipality in Belgium and the capital of the Ghent (ˈɡɛnt Gent ʝɛnt in Dutch, Gand in French, and formerly Gaunt in English) is a City and a

Czech Republic

Main article: Narrow gauge railways in the Czech Republic

Several lines were built in the nineteenth century. Apart from the public lines listed below there existed many non-public industrial forest and agricultural narrow gauge systems only a few of these are still running The most notable lines are Obrataň-Jindřichův Hradec-Nová Bystřice and Třemešná ve Slezsku-Osoblaha, that are still in operation.

Estonia

Four museums lines and some industrial peat railways remain in Estonia. The Lavassaare railway museum houses a large collection of steam and diesel locomotives with a 2km long 750 mm (2 ft 5½ in) gauge railway. There is a museum with a 750 mm (2 ft 5½ in) gauge, 500m long line in Avinurme which houses one locomotive and a collection of wagons. A locomotive is a railway Vehicle that provides the motive power for a Train. A railroad car or railway carriage is a Vehicle on a rail transport system (railroad or railway that is used for the carrying of Cargo or An underground museum with a short electric line is located in Kivioli. A former military railway line with a 750 mm (2 ft 5½ in) gauge is located on Naissaar Island.

Finland

The vast majority of Finnish narrow gauge railways were owned and operated by private companies. There are only a few instances where narrow gauge railways were in direct connection with each other, and those interchanges did not last for long. The railways never formed a regional rail traffic network, but were only focused on maintaining connections between the national broad gauge railway network and the off-line industries. One of the longest common carriers was the Lovisa-Wesijärvi railway (1900–1960) that operated a 80-kilometre (50-mile) line between Lahti and Loviisa. Lahti ( Swedish: Lahtis) is a city and Municipality in Finland. Loviisa (ˈloviːsa in Finnish or Lovisa in Swedish is a municipality and town of 7417 inhabitants ( 2004-12-31) on the Southern Other notable ones were the Hyvinkää–Karkkila railway that operated a 46-kilometre (28-mile) line, and the Jokioinen railway that operated a 23-kilometre (14¹⁄₂-mile) line until 1974, being the last common carrier narrow gauge railway.

Other lines were notably shorter. The common gauges were 600 mm (1 ft 11⅝ in) and 750 mm (2 ft 5½ in), with a few railways built with 785 mm (2 ft 6. 9 in) and 1,000 mm (3 ft 3⅜ in) gauges.

Narrow gauge tourist and heritage lines of 600 mm (1 ft 11⅝ in) and 750 mm (2 ft 5½ in) gauge still operate. A heritage railway ( United Kingdom) preserved railway ( United Kingdom) or tourist railroad ( United States and Canada) is a

France

The French National Railways used to run a considerable number of 1,000 mm (3 ft 3⅜ in) lines, a few of which still operate mostly in tourist areas, such as the St Gervais-Vallorcine (Alps) and the "Train Jaune" (yellow train) in the Pyrenees. SNCF ( Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Français) (French National Railway Company is a French public enterprise The original French scheme was that every sous-prefecture should be rail connected. Extensive near 600 mm (1 ft 11⅝ in) gauge lines were also built for the sugar-beet industry in the north often using ex-military equipment after the First World War. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Decauville was a famous French manufacturer of industrial narrow gauge railway equipment and equipped one of the most extensive regional 600 mm (1 ft 11⅝ in) narrow gauge railway, the Chemins de Fer du Calvados. Paul Decauville (1846-1922 was a French pioneer in light railways History Chemins de Fer du Calvados (CFC was originally planned as a Metre gauge line Corsica has a narrow gauge network of two lines following the coast line, that are connected by one line crossing the island through highly mountaineous terrain. Corsica (Corse Corsican and Italian: Corsica) is the fourth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily The railway of Artouste lake (Chemin de Fer de Lac d'Artouste) in the Pyrenees, use 500mm gauge.

Germany

A number of narrow gauge lines survive, largely as a consequence of German reunification, in the former East Germany where some of them form part of the public transport system as active commercial carriers. The German Democratic Republic ( GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik DDR; commonly known in English as East Germany) was a Socialist state Most extensive of those still employing steam traction is the Harz mountain group of metre-gauge lines, the Harzer Schmalspurbahnen. Lines The network can be divided into four principal lines though all are interconnected and run as one network Other notable lines are the Zittau-Oybin-Jonsdorf line in Saxony, the Mollibahn and the Rügensche Kleinbahn on the Isle of Rügen on the Baltic coast and the Radebeul-Radeburg line in the suburbs of Dresden. The Zittau-Oybin-Jonsdorf line (German Zittauer Schmalspurbahn) is a narrow gauge Railway system employing Steam locomotives and serving the The Molli ( German: Mecklenburgische Bäderbahn "Molli") short ( MBB) is a narrow-gauge steam-powered railway in Mecklenburg The Rügensche Kleinbahn, nicknamed Rasender Roland (≈"Rushing Roland" is the steam-powered narrow gauge Railway that runs from Rügen (ˈʁyːgən or Rugia is Germany 's largest Island. It is located in the Baltic Sea off the coast of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern The Radebeul-Radeburg line, known locally as the Lößnitzgrundbahn (Lössnitz Valley Railroad nicknamed "Lößnitzdackel" (Lößnitz Dachshund is a Although most rely on the tourist trade, in some areas they provide significant employment as steam traction is particularly labour intensive.

In the Western part of Germany, Selfkantbahn (close to Heinsberg near Aachen) and Brohltalbahn (Linz/Rhine) are the best known ones, offering services in summer weekends. Heinsberg is the capital of the district Heinsberg, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ( Ripuarian: Oche, Dutch: Aken, Spanish: Aquisgrán, Italian: Aquisgrana, French, Linz am Rhein (in English Linz on the Rhine) is a municipality in the district of Neuwied, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

See also Narrow gauge railways in Saxony

Greece

The Peloponnese narrow gauge network length is about 914 km. The Narrow gauge railways in Saxony were established in 1881 - 1923 Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Of this, 1,000 mm (3 ft 3⅜ in) gauge is used for 892 km. This is the network that connects major cities in the Peloponnese. The remaining 22 km form the Diakofton-Kalavryta rack railway, which uses 750 mm (2 ft 5½ in) gauge. The Peloponnese network has suffered various setbacks, ranging from the abandonment of entire lines (such as the Pyrgos-Katakolon railway) to inefficient management on part of the public Greek railway operator, OSE, which resulted in poor quality of services and rolling stock). Organismós Sidirodrómon Elládos ( Greek: Οργανισμός Σιδηροδρόμων Ελλάδος, the Hellenic Railways Organisation is the Currently major restoration works are carried out, which have resulted in parts of the line having been closed. Additionally, the reactivation of certain lines that were closed down during the latter half of the 20th century is planned, mainly the Pyrgos-Katakolon line and in parts of western Greece (around Agrinion and Messologgi). Another small railway that uses narrow gauge 600 mm (1 ft 11⅝ in) is the Mt. Pelion railway, originally from Volos to Milies. Currently parts of the line are operational during the summer, mainly for excursions.

There was also a metre gauge network in Thessaly. This has now been replaced with single track standard gauge lines from Volos to Larissa and Palaiofarsalos to Kalampaka. However, the old narrow gauge tracks remain in place between Velestino and Palaiofarsalos via Aerino, so that occasional special excursion trains use them.

A metric line network existed in Attica, operated by Attica Railways and later by SPAP. The line ran from the center of Athens to Kifissia and Lavrion, serving the suburbs and towns of the region as well as Dionysos marble quarries and Lavrion mines. The Lavriou Square-Strofyli Railroad Line (Greek Σιδηροδρομική Γραμμή Πλατείας Λαυρίου - Στροφυλίου Sidirodromiki Grammi Plat(eias The line to Kifissia closed in 1938 and was reopened as standard gauge in the 1950s, operated by ISAP. ISAP is the Acronym for the Athens-Piraeus Electric Railways ( Η The line to Lavrion closed in 1957 due to political pressures from the road transpor lobby. Sections of the Lavrion line still survive and there are plans to reopen the southern part (Koropi-Lavrion) as an electrified stadard gauge suburban line.

Development of open lignite mines for electricity production led to the construction of industrial railway networks in Ptolemais, Western Macedonia (900 mm idustrial gauge, electrified) and Aliveri, Evoia Island (metric gauge). These networks are no longer active, as the lignite mines they served are exhausted.

The narrow gauges 750 mm (2 ft 5½ in) in Diakofto-Kalavryta line and especially the 600 mm in Volos-Milies (the current operational line is Lechonia-Milies, since the part Volos-Lechonia was abandoned) are heritage railroads for excursional purposes. The 1,000 mm network of Peloponnese, however, is a busy passenger line, although there are no longer freight trains. A major project has started to construct new 1,435 mm lines in the busiest parts of Peloponnese and rebuild the century old 1,000 mm tracks in the remaining. The brach lines Asprohoma-Messini and Pyrgos-Katakolo were recently reopenned for passenger services (September and April 2007 respectively) and Argos-Nafplio is expected to follow, when services are reinstated in the Korinthos-Tripolis line in late 2008.

Further information about narrow gauge railways in Greece are available in the following book references:

• I. Zartaloudis, D. Karatolos, D. Koutelidis, G. Nathenas, S. Fasoulas, A. Filippoupolitis, A. (1997). Οι Ελληνικοί Σιδηρόδρομοι (Hellenic Railways) (in Greek). Μίλητος (Militos). ISBN 960-8460-07-7.   It is the only extensive and authoritative source for the history of Greek railways.

• Simms, W. F. (1997). The railways of Greece. Wilfried F. Sims. ISBN 0-9528881-1-4.   Contains brief history, simple line maps ans extensive list of rolling stock until 1997.

• Organ, J. (2006). Greece Narrow Gauge. Middleton Press. ISBN 1-904474-72-1.  

Hungary

The former Kingdom boasted a narrow gauge network thousands of kilometres in length, most of it using 760 mm (2 ft 5⅞ in) gauge and constructed between 1870 and 1920. Landlords, mines, agricultural and forest estates established their own branch lines which, as they united into regional networks, increasingly played a role in regional passenger traffic. Following the Treaty of Trianon some railways were cut by the new border, many remained on the territory of Romania, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia. The Treaty of Trianon is the peace treaty concluded at the end of World War I by the Allies of World War I, on one side and Hungary, seen as a successor For a lack of intact roads, following World War II in many places narrow-gauge railway was the only reasonable way to get around. In 1968 the Communist government started to implement a policy to dismantle the narrow-gauge network in favour of road traffic. Freight haulage on the few remaining lines continued to decline until 1990 from when a patchwork of railways was gradually taken over by associations and forest managements for tourist purposes. State Railways operate narrow-gauge railways at Nyíregyháza and Kecskemét that continue to play a role in regional transport. Nyíregyháza (IPA /ɲireɟhazɒ/ approximate pronunciation "nyee-rayd'y-haa-zoh" is a city in North-east Hungary and the county capital of Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg Kecskemét (kɛtʃkɛmet (approximate pronunciation Kech-ke-mate is a city in the central part of Hungary. Children aged 10 to 14 provide services at the Budapest Children's Railway.

See also: Narrow gauge railways in today's Hungary

Zsuzsi Scenic Railway Debrecen

Ireland

Main article: List of narrow gauge railways in Ireland

Several 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge systems once existed in Ireland. Nagycenk is a village in Győr-Moson-Sopron county Hungary. Mátra is a Mountain range in northern Hungary, between to the Towns Gyöngyös and Eger. Gyöngyös is a Town in Heves county in Hungary, east of Budapest. Ireland formerly had several Narrow gauge railways, almost all built to a gauge of 914 mm (3 feet Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world In County Donegal an extensive network existed, with two companies operating from Derry – the Londonderry & Lough Swilly Railway (L&LSR) and the County Donegal Railways (CDRJC). County Donegal (ˌdʌnəˈgɔːl Irish: Contae Dhún na nGall. The Londonderry and Lough Swilly Railway Company ( The L&LSR, the Swilly) is an Irish Public transport and Freight firm incorporated The County Donegal Railways Joint Committee operated in north-west Ireland during the 20th century Well known was the West Clare Railway – in County Clare, which saw diesel locomotion before closure. The West Clare Railway (WCR operated in County Clare, Ireland between 1887 and 1961 County Clare ( Irish: Contae an Chláir) commonly referred to as simply Clare, is a county on Ireland and part of the wider The Cavan & Leitrim Railway (C&LR) operated in what is now the border area of County Cavan and County Leitrim. The Cavan & Leitrim Railway was a narrow gauge Railway in the counties of Leitrim and Cavan in the north-west of Ireland, which County Cavan ( Contae an Chabháin in Irish) is a County in Ireland. County Leitrim ( is one of the counties of Ireland and is part of the province of Connacht. Some smaller narrow gauge routes also existed in County Antrim and also County Cork – notably the Cork Blackrock & Passage Railway. County Antrim ( Contae Aontroma or simply Aontroim in Irish) is one of six counties that form Northern Ireland, and one of nine counties County Cork (Contae Chorcaí is the most southerly and the largest of the modern counties of Ireland.

Apart from small heritage venues, the Irish narrow gauge today only survives in the bogs of the Midlands as part of Bord na Móna's extensive industrial network for transporting harvested peat to distribution centres or power plants. A heritage railway ( United Kingdom) preserved railway ( United Kingdom) or tourist railroad ( United States and Canada) is a A bog or mire is a Wetland type that accumulates Acidic Peat, a deposit of dead plant material &ndash usually Mosses but also Bord na Móna ( lit Peat Board is a semi-state company in the Ireland, created in 1946 by the Turf Development Act 1946

See also: History of rail transport in Ireland

Italy

Narrow gauge railways in Italy are (or were) mainly build with 950 mm (3 ft 1⅜ in) gauge, with some 1,000 mm (3 ft 3⅜ in) gauge lines and with a few other gauges. This article is part of the History of rail transport by country series The history of rail transport in Ireland began only a decade

In Sardinia, a network of narrow gauge lines (950 mm) was built, to complement the standard-gauge main network which covered the main cities and ports. Sardinia (sɑrˈdɪnɪə Sardegna Sardigna or Sardinnya is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily) The lines were:

Siliqua-San Giovanni Suergiu-Calasetta (dismantled) Iglesias-Monteponi-San Giovanni Suergiu (dismantled) Monteponi-Portovesme (dismantled) Cagliari-Mandas-Isili-Sorgono Mandas-Gairo-Arbatax Gairo-Jerzu (dismantled) Isili-Villamar-Villacidro (dismantled)

Villamar-Ales (dismantled) Macomer-Bosa (dismantled between Bosa Marina and Bosa) Macomer-Tirso-Nuoro Tirso-Ozieri (dismantled) Sassari-Alghero, Sassari-Sorso Sassari-Tempio Pausania-Luras-Palau Luras-Monti (dismantled). Siliqua is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Cagliari in the island of Sardinia, located about 25 km northwest of Cagliari San Giovanni Suergiu is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Carbonia-Iglesias in the Italian region Sardinia, located about Calasetta is a small town (population 2745 and Comune located on the island of Sant'Antioco, off the Southwestern coast of Sardinia, Italy Iglesias (Igrèsias (pop 29075 is a Comune of Carbonia-Iglesias province in Sardinia, Italy. San Giovanni Suergiu is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Carbonia-Iglesias in the Italian region Sardinia, located about Portoscuso is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Carbonia-Iglesias in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 75 km Mandas is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Cagliari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 50 km north of Isili is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Cagliari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 60 km north of Sorgono is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Nuoro in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 90 km north of Mandas is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Cagliari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 50 km north of Gairo is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Ogliastra in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 80 km northeast of History The name is derived from the Arabic for "14th Tower" and refers to the nearby Saracen watchtower Gairo is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Ogliastra in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 80 km northeast of Jerzu is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Ogliastra in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 70 km northeast of Isili is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Cagliari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 60 km north of Villamar is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Medio Campidano in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 45 km northwest Villacidro (Biddexidru is a town in the Province of Medio Campidano, Sardinia, Italy. Villamar is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Medio Campidano in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 45 km northwest Ales is a small town in the province of Oristano on the island of Sardinia in the Mediterranean Sea. Macomer (Macumère is a town and Comune of Sardinia ( Italy) in the Province of Nuoro. Bosa is a town in the Province of Oristano (until May 2005 it was in the Province of Nuoro) part of the Sardinia region of Italy. Macomer (Macumère is a town and Comune of Sardinia ( Italy) in the Province of Nuoro. Nuoro ( Nùgoro, which literally means " Home " in the ancient Nuoro dialect is a town and province in central Sardinia, Italy Ozieri (locally Othieri in Sardinian) is a town of approximatively 11000 inhabitants ( Province of Sassari) in northern Sardinia ( Italy Sassari (in Italian and Sassarese, Tàthari in Sardinian) is a town in the Alghero ( l'Alguer in Catalan and S'Alighèra in Sardinian) is a town of about 42000 inhabitants (down from 54300 inhabitants since early Sassari (in Italian and Sassarese, Tàthari in Sardinian) is a town in the Sorso ( Sassarese: Sòssu) is a Comune (municipality of c 14000 inhabitants in the Province of Sassari in the Italian Sassari (in Italian and Sassarese, Tàthari in Sardinian) is a town in the Tempio Pausania ( Gallurese: Tempiu) a town of est 15000 inhabitants in the Gallura region of northern Sardinia, Italy Luras is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Olbia-Tempio in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 190 km north of Luras is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Olbia-Tempio in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 190 km north of Monti is a commune and small town of Gallura, northern Sardinia, Italy, in the Province of Olbia-Tempio.

Of the lines which are still present, only

Cagliari-Mandas-Isili Sassari-Alghero Sassari-Sorso Macomer-Nuoro

still carry regular passenger services, operated by Ferrovie della Sardegna (Railways of Sardinia). Mandas is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Cagliari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 50 km north of Isili is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Cagliari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 60 km north of Sassari (in Italian and Sassarese, Tàthari in Sardinian) is a town in the Alghero ( l'Alguer in Catalan and S'Alighèra in Sardinian) is a town of about 42000 inhabitants (down from 54300 inhabitants since early Sassari (in Italian and Sassarese, Tàthari in Sardinian) is a town in the Sorso ( Sassarese: Sòssu) is a Comune (municipality of c 14000 inhabitants in the Province of Sassari in the Italian Macomer (Macumère is a town and Comune of Sardinia ( Italy) in the Province of Nuoro. Nuoro ( Nùgoro, which literally means " Home " in the ancient Nuoro dialect is a town and province in central Sardinia, Italy The others only operate a scenic tourist service known as Trenino verde (small green train)

In Sicily, the Ferrovia Circumetnea (950 mm gauge) runs around the Mount Etna. Sicily ( Italian and Sicilian: Sicilia) is an autonomous region of Italy. The Ferrovia Circumetnea (roughly translated as "Railway around the Etna ") is a 950 mm (3 ft 1 in gauge Narrow-gauge Other narrow gauge lines (950 mm) operated, the most important of which was the Castelvetrano-Porto Empedocle, but are now closed. Castelvetrano (Castedduvitranu is a town in the Province of Trapani, Sicily, Italy. Porto Empedocle is a town and Comune in Italy on the coast of the Strait of Sicily, administratively part of the Province of Agrigento

In Trento (Trentino) only narrow gauge lines (1000 mm) from Trento to Malè and Marilleva are still operating. The Province of Trento (Provincia autonoma di Trento also called Trentino, is an Autonomous province of Italy. Trento (traditional English Trent; Italian: Trento; German: Trient; Latin: Tridentum; Note that many Malè is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Trento in the Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about

In Bolzano-Bozen (Alto Adige/South Tyrol) there are two 1000m gauge lines: the Rittnerbahn, or Ferrovia del Renon, a very nice rural tramway and the Laas-Lasa railway to marble cave, that use a funicular too. The Province of Bolzano-Bozen (Provincia autonoma di Bolzano Autonome Provinz Bozen Ladin: Provinzia There are two touristic mines using 600mm gauge trains.

Between Naples and Sorrento, around the base of Mt. Naples ( Napoli, Neapolitan: Nàpule) is a historic City in southern Italy, the Capital of the Sorrento is a small city in Campania, Italy, with some 16500 inhabitants Vesuvius, the Circumvesuviana railway operates frequent services on narrow gauge (950 mm) tracks. Mount Vesuvius (in Italian Monte Vesuvio and in Latin Mons Vesuvius) is an active Stratovolcano east of Naples Circumvesuviana is a Narrow-gauge railway connecting cities near Naples, Italy.

Isle of Man

Both main railways in the Isle of Man are of 3 ft (914 mm) gauge. The Isle of Man (Ellan Vannin ˈɛlʲən ˈvanɪn or Mann (Mannin) is a self-governing Crown dependency, located in the Irish Sea at the geographical The Isle of Man Steam Railway to the southwest is operated largely as a tourist attraction but the Manx Electric Railway to the northeast is a commercially operated railway system though its operation is closer to that of a tramway than a railway. The Isle of Man Railway (IMR is a Narrow gauge steam-operated Railway connecting Douglas with Castletown and Port Erin on the The Manx Electric Railway is an electric interurban Tramway connecting the towns of Douglas, Laxey and Ramsey on the Isle The Snaefell Mountain Railway, climbs the island's main peak and has a gauge of 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm); it is the sole operating Fell Incline Railway System in the world. The Snaefell Mountain Railway is an electric Mountain railway connecting the town of Laxey with the summit of Snaefell, at 2036 feet (620 The Fell system uses a raised centre rail between the two running rails on steeply-graded railway lines to provide extra traction and braking or braking alone

Latvia

There exist 1 public, 1 museum and some industrial peat railways. Public narrow gauge railway are 750 mm (2 ft 5½ in) gauge and are around 30 km long. They join Gulbene and Aluksne. More - http://www.banitis.lv . 2 trains per day. The museum railway is located in Ventspils. The gauge is 600 mm (1 ft 11⅝ in) and the length is a 2 km circle. The locomotives are former "Brigadelok" steam locomotives. The peat companies mainly use 750 mm, but there also exist 700 mm (2 ft 3½ in) gauge and other 600 mm gauge railways.

Lithuania

158. 8 km of 750 mm (2 ft 5½ in) narrow gauge lines remain, although only 68. 4 km of them (serving five stations) are regularly used, employing 12 locomotives. They are included in the Registry of Immovable Cultural Heritage Sites of Lithuania. More about this line: http://www.siaurukas.eu/ . There also still exist many peat factories, which have private narrow gauge railways for transportation peat from field to factory.

Norway

In Norway, a number of main lines were in the 19th century built with narrow gauge, 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm), to save cost in a sparsely populated mountainous country. This included Norway's first own long-distance line, Rørosbanen, connecting Oslo and Trondheim, 1877. Some secondary railways also had this gauge. These railways have been rebuilt to standard gauge or closed down. Some private railways had 750 mm (2 ft 5½ in) and one had 1,000 mm (3 ft 3⅜ in). A few railways partly still are operated as museum railways, specifically Thamshavnbanen, Urskog-Hølandsbanen and Setesdalsbanen. The tramway in Trondheim, Gråkallbanen is also narrow gauge. (Trondhjem is a city and municipality in the county of Sør-Trøndelag, Norway.

Poland

There are hundreds of kilometres of 600 mm (1 ft 11⅝ in), 750 mm (2 ft 5½ in), 785 mm, and 1,000 mm (3 ft 3⅜ in) narrow gauge lines in Poland. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland The metre gauge lines are mostly found in the northwest part of the country in Pomerania, while 785 mm lines are found only in the Upper Silesia region. Upper Silesia (Horní Slezsko Oberschlesien Latin: Silesia Superior; Górny Śląsk Silesian: Gůrny Ślůnsk) is the southeastern part 750 mm (2 ft 5½ in) is the most commonly used narrow gauge; it is used, for example, in the Rogów Narrow Gauge Railway (Rogowska Kolej Wąskotorowa). Some narrow gauge lines in Poland still operate as common carriers (for example the lines operated by SKPL, the Association of Local Railway Haulage)[4], while others survive as tourist attractions. One of the finest of the latter is the 600 mm (1 ft 11⅝ in) narrow gauge railway (Żnińska Kolej Powiatowa) running from Żnin via Wenecja (Polish Venice) and famous Biskupin to Gąsawa in the Pałuki region. Żnin is a small Town in Poland with a population of 14558 (June 2005 Wenecja (Polish for Venice) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żnin, within Żnin County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Biskupin is an archaeological site and a life-size model of an Iron Age fortified settlement in north-central Poland ( Kuyavian-Pomeranian Gąsawa (Gonsawa is a village in Żnin County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland Pałuki is a historic and ethnographic region lying in central Poland, part of Greater Poland, among Pomerania nad Cuiavia. Railway tradtions of Pałuki date back to July 1894 when the first two lines were opened. Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

In the past, there have also been 760 mm (2 ft 5⅞ in), 800 mm (2 ft 7½ in) and 900 mm (2 ft 11½ in) lines. A 900 mm (2 ft 11½ in) recreational line 4. 2 km long still operates in the Amusement-Recreation Park in Chorzów, Upper Silesia. Chorzów Subcarpathian Voivodeship Chorzów (Königshütte) is a city in Silesia southern Poland with around 114680 (2006 inhabitants and an area of 33 Upper Silesia (Horní Slezsko Oberschlesien Latin: Silesia Superior; Górny Śląsk Silesian: Gůrny Ślůnsk) is the southeastern part A similar 600 mm (1 ft 11⅝ in) line, Kolejka Parkowa Maltanka, operates in Poznań. The Park Railway Maltanka (Kolejka Parkowa Maltanka sometimes abbreviated to Maltanka) is a Narrow gauge railway located in Poznań. Poznań Lublin Voivodeship This article is about the city in Poland Some of Poland's narrow gauge railways are maintained by volunteers; one organization dedicated to preserving narrow gauge railways is the FPKW, the Polish Narrow Gauge Railways Foundation [5].

Portugal

Portugal had hundreds of km of 1,000 mm (3 ft 3⅜ in) gauge railways, including: Linha do Porto à Póvoa e Famalicão - Closed. The Park Railway Maltanka (Kolejka Parkowa Maltanka sometimes abbreviated to Maltanka) is a Narrow gauge railway located in Poznań. Poznań Lublin Voivodeship This article is about the city in Poland Żnin is a small Town in Poland with a population of 14558 (June 2005 Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Some of the old trackbed is now used by the Oporto's Metropolitan railcars. Linha de Guimarães - Closed between Guimarães and Fafe, converted into a bike way. The rest is now broad gauge. Linha do Tâmega. Linha do Corgo. Linha do Tua. Linha do Sabor. Linhas do Vale do Vouga. Linha do Dão.

Four passenger services are known to still be in operation.

The Tamega Line runs between Livração and Amarante in the District of Porto and runs near the River Tâmega. Amarante ( pron ɐmɐ'ɾɐ̃t(ɨ is a municipality in the district of Oporto, in northern Portugal. The administrative divisions of Portugal are undergoing changes The District of Porto (sometimes Oporto in English is located on the north west coast of Portugal The Tâmega River ( pron. 'tɐmɨgɐ is an international river (of Spain and Portugal

The Corgo line runs from Regua, on the Duoro River to Vila Real. The line previously ran to Chaves and the track is still in situ in 2008. There is a small Railway Museum at Chaves.

The Tua Line runs north from Tua to Braganca and previously ran to Mirandela. This line is the least used and may close soon but was still operating in spring 2008. The line was closed temporarily on 10 April 2008 after a landslide which cause the derailment of a light inspection vehicle near Santa Luzia station, and it's unknown when the line will reopen.

Finally a line still runs from the Porto to Lisbon main line at Espinho to Sernada de Vouga and back to the same main line at Aviero. This line has a museum at Machinata de Vouga whilst the main workshops are at Sernada de Vouga. This line may also shut at any time.

Romania

Romanian narrow-gauge tracks usually use a 760 mm (2 ft 5⅞ in) gauge, though there were also some 700 mm (2 ft 3½ in) gauge locomotives manufactured at Reşita^[2]. Several old narrow-gauge railways in Romania are being renovated for tourist purposes: the one in the Vasar Valley (Mureş County) is now well known; the line from Abrud to Campeni is operating; and other renovation projects have made tentative steps and may commence regular operations in the near future. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania The Vaser River is a tributary of the Vişeu River in Romania. More information can be found under "mocăniţă", the term by which such railways are often called in Romanian. A mocăniţă (mokəˈnitsə is a narrow gauge railway in Romania, most notably in Transylvania and nearby regions Romanian or Daco-Romanian ( dated: Rumanian or Roumanian; self designation limba română, ˈlimba roˈmɨnə is a Romance

Russia

In Russia, narrow gauge is most often 750 mm (2 ft 5½ in) or 1,000 mm (3 ft 3⅜ in). Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) gauge is found only in the southern part of Sakhalin, where railroads were built by the Japanese. Sakhalin (Сахали́н səxʌˈlʲin Japanese:nihongo|樺太|karafuto or; Chinese: 庫頁 Kùyè also Saghalien, is a large elongated A complete list of Russian and other ex-Soviet Narrow Gauge railways.

Slovakia

Bratislava municipal transport system uses 1,000 mm (3 ft 3⅜ in) gauge for trams, while Košice transport system uses standard gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8½ in). Košice (; Hungarian: Kassa; (also known by other alternative names) is a city in eastern Slovakia. Railways, however use standard gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8½ in) making Bratislava tram and railways networks incompatible with each other. There is a discussion regarding transforming Bratislava's tram gauge to standard gauge to allow trams to use the railways tracks to increase transportation capabilities of Bratislava's public transportation system. ARTICLE TEXT BEGINS AFTER THESE COMMENTS - PLEASE READ 1 Please do not edit the lead without reading The most notable tourist lines in operation are the 760 mm (2 ft 5⅞ in) gauge Čiernohronská železnica and Oravsko-kysucká lesná železnica - Vychylovka. The Čierny Hron Railway (in Slovak Čiernohronská železnica) is a Narrow gauge railway in the Slovak Ore Mountains, built as an Industrial railway The Historical Logging Back Swath Railway in Vychylovka (near Nová Bystrica, Slovakia) is preserved section technically most interesting part of the former Narrow-gauge Another notable narrow gauge tracks include: the Štrbské Pleso - Štrba rack railway and the Tatra Electric Railway (both 1,000 mm (3 ft 3⅜ in) gauge) in the Tatra mountains and the 760 mm (2 ft 5⅞ in) gauge railway from Trenčianska Teplá to Trenčianske Teplice. Old Rack Railway Technical Data Gauge 1000 mm Rack railway system Riggenbach Length 475 km Maximum The Tatra Electric Railway (Tatranská elektrická železnica colloquially Tatra Railway, is an electrified (1500 V DC) single track Narrow gauge railway Panorama tatierjpg|thumb|right|300px|Panorama of Tatras]]The Tatra Mountains, Tatras or Tatra ( Tatry in both Polish and Slovak) Trenčianska Teplá is a Village and Municipality in Trenčín District in the Trenčín Region of north-western Slovakia. Trenčianske Teplice (Trentschinteplitz Trencsénteplic is a health resort and small Spa town in western Slovakia, in the valley of the river Teplička

Serbia

The narrow gauge railway line in Mokra Gora on the northern slopes of mountain Zlatibor in Serbia climbs a 300 metre ascent using an unusual loop in the form of the figure 8 – the popular "Šargan Eight". Čierny Balog (Feketebalog is a Municipality in Brezno District, in the Banská Bystrica Region of central Slovakia. Mokra Gora ( Serbian Cyrillic: Мокра Гора meaning the Wet Mountain in English is a village in Serbia on the northern slopes of mountain For other meanings see Zlatibor (disambiguation. Zlatibor ( Serbian Cyrillic: Златибoр is a mountain region situated in Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country In mathematics 8 is a Composite number, its Proper divisors being 1, 2, and 4. The Šargan Eight (Шарганска осмица is a narrow gauge Heritage railway in Serbia, running from the Village of Mokra Gora

Spain

In Spain there is an extensive system of 1,000 mm (3 ft 3⅜ in) gauge railways, in the north of the country, operated by FEVE (Ferrocarriles Españoles de Vía Estrecha, Spanish narrow gauge railways) and EuskoTren (Eusko Trenbideak, Basque Railways). The Šargan Eight (Шарганска осмица is a narrow gauge Heritage railway in Serbia, running from the Village of Mokra Gora Mokra Gora ( Serbian Cyrillic: Мокра Гора meaning the Wet Mountain in English is a village in Serbia on the northern slopes of mountain For other meanings see Zlatibor (disambiguation. Zlatibor ( Serbian Cyrillic: Златибoр is a mountain region situated in Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. FEVE ( Ferrocarriles Españoles de Vía Estrecha, meaning "Narrow-Gauge Spanish Railways" is a state-owned Spanish Railway company which operates EuskoTren ( Eusko Trenbideak / Ferrocarriles Vascos &ndash Basque Railways is a Railway company which operates trains on part of the Narrow gauge railway At the centre of this system is a metre gauge line which runs for 650 km (400 miles) along the entire length of Spain's north coast. FEVE and EuskoTren form the longest narrow gauge network in Europe. Also near Madrid, on the mountain range of Guadarrama runs a mountain train through a short but extremely sinuous track, operated by Renfe. Renfe Operadora is the State-owned company which operates freight and passenger Trains on the 1668-mm " Iberian gauge " and 1435-mm " Separate metre gauge railways are operated by the FGC (Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya, Catalan regional government railways) from Barcelona to Manresa and Igualada, the FGV (Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat Valenciana, Valencian regional government railways) around the city of Valencia, and the SFM (Serveis Ferroviaris de Mallorca) on the island of Majorca. Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya (Catalan Government Railways or FGC, is a Railway company which operates several unconnected lines in Catalonia Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia Manresa is the capital of the Bages comarca (county, located in the geographic centre of Catalonia, Spain, and crossed by the river Igualada is a Town of the Province of Barcelona in Spain (region of Catalonia) on the left bank of the River Anoia a right-hand tributary Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat Valenciana or FGV is a Spanish Railway company which operates several Metre gauge lines in the Autonomous Valencia ( Valencian: València, Valencia Spanish phonology --> is the capital of the Spanish autonomous Serveis Ferroviaris de Mallorca or SFM is a company which operates the Metre gauge Railway network on the Spanish island of Majorca Majorca ( Spanish and Mallorca is the largest island of Spain. Also on the island of Majorca, the FS (Ferrocarril de Sóller) operates a 3 ft (914 mm) gauge electrified railway and connecting tramway. Ferrocarril de Sóller or FS is a Railway operating company which operates an electrified 914 mm Narrow gauge railway on the Spanish Also the Euskotran in Bilbao, which is not a "light rail", is unusual in new tramway and light rail systems opened in the last twenty-five years in having adopted metre gauge. EuskoTran ("BasqueTram" is the name of the Metre gauge Tramway system in Bilbao, Spain. Bilbao, (also Bilbo) in the North of Spain, is the largest city in the Basque Country and the capital of the province of Biscay (Basque For specific light rail systems many of which use the words "light rail" as part of their name see List of light-rail transit systems. EuskoTran is part of EuskoTren, the Basque regional government rail company. EuskoTran ("BasqueTram" is the name of the Metre gauge Tramway system in Bilbao, Spain. EuskoTren ( Eusko Trenbideak / Ferrocarriles Vascos &ndash Basque Railways is a Railway company which operates trains on part of the Narrow gauge railway This company also owns several bus lines. Metro Bilbao started in 1995 on EuskoTren track and has a metre gauge. Metro Bilbao is a metro system serving the city of Bilbao ( Basque Country, Spain) and its metropolitan area ( Greater Bilbao) Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 EuskoTren ( Eusko Trenbideak / Ferrocarriles Vascos &ndash Basque Railways is a Railway company which operates trains on part of the Narrow gauge railway

Sweden

Sweden once had some fairly extensive narrow gauge networks, but most narrow gauge railways are now closed. EuskoTran ("BasqueTram" is the name of the Metre gauge Tramway system in Bilbao, Spain. Bilbao, (also Bilbo) in the North of Spain, is the largest city in the Basque Country and the capital of the province of Biscay (Basque "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Some were converted to standard gauge (the latest one the line between Berga and Kalmar in the 1970s) and some remains as heritage railways. Kalmar is a city in Småland in the south-east of Sweden, situated by the Baltic Sea. The most common narrow gauge, 891 mm (2 ft 11. 1 in) (3 Swedish feet), existed only in Sweden. A smaller 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) gauge network existed, and 600 mm (1 ft 11⅝ in) gauge was used mostly by smaller, industrial railroads.

The only commercial narrow gauge railway left is the Roslagsbanan suburban railway in north-eastern Stockholm (891 mm gauge). Roslagsbanan is an 891 mm Narrow-gauge Suburban railway system in Stockholm County, Sweden. ('stɔkhɔlm is Sweden 's Capital and its largest City. It is the site of the national Swedish government, the parliament, and the A branch line, the Långängsbanan, was built and run for some years as an isolated standard gauge tramway in anticipation of a planned conversion of the main line to raise its capacity, but those plans came to naught and the branch was rebuilt to narrow gauge; it is now closed. The standard gauge (also named the Stephenson gauge after George Stephenson, or Normal gauge) is a widely-used Rail gauge.

The longest other remaining narrow gauge railway is the 891 mm line between Åseda, Hultsfred and Västervik. Åseda is a small town in Småland, Sweden, and the seat of Uppvidinge Municipality in Kronoberg County. Hultsfred is a town in Småland, Sweden, and the seat of Hultsfred Municipality in Kalmar County. Västervik is a city in the traditional province of Småland, Sweden, and the seat of Västervik Municipality in Kalmar County. 70 km between Hultsfred and Västervik is served by tourist trains in the summer, including 4 km of dual gauge track. Dual-gauge or mixed-gauge Railway is a special configuration of railway track, allowing trains of different gauges to use the same track

Sweden also had the unique 1093 mm gauge Köping-Uttersberg-Riddarhyttan Railway. The Köping-Uttersberg-Riddarhyttan Railway was a narrow-track railway in central Sweden, 46 km long Still other but lesser used gauges in the country were 802 mm, 1188 mm and 1217 mm.

Switzerland

Switzerland boasts an extensive network of metre gauge railways, many of which interchange traffic (most prominent is the Rhaetian Railway). The RhB (Rhaetian Railway / Rhätische Bahn ( German) / Ferrovia Retica ( Italian) / Viafier Retica ( Romansh) has the They are concentrated in the more heavily mountainous areas. A mountain is a Landform that extends above the surrounding Terrain in a limited area with a peak The Jungfraubahn terminates at the highest station in Europe. The Jungfraubahn (JB is an gauge Rack railway electrified at 3-phase 1125 Volts which runs 9 kilometres from Kleine Scheidegg to the highest railway Dual gauge (combined metre- and standard gauge trackway) also exists in many areas. Dual-gauge or mixed-gauge Railway is a special configuration of railway track, allowing trains of different gauges to use the same track The standard gauge (also named the Stephenson gauge after George Stephenson, or Normal gauge) is a widely-used Rail gauge. Also, nearly all street tramways in Switzerland were and still are also metre gauge. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train

Further information: Rail transport in Switzerland

United Kingdom

Main article: British narrow gauge railways

The United Kingdom once had a large number of narrow gauge railways which were mostly isolated from each other. There were more than a thousand British narrow gauge railways ranging from large historically significant Common carriers The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The first locomotive-hauled railway in the world was the narrow gauge Penydarren Tramway in south Wales. Most of the lines were originally built to haul minerals or agricultural products over short distances, though many also carried passengers. The longest passenger line was the combined Welsh Highland and Ffestiniog railways at 36 miles/57. 9 km.

Only a few of these lines survive as commercial common carriers. A common carrier is a business that transports people goods or services and offers its services to the general public under license or authority provided by a regulatory body The great majority of the remaining narrow gauge lines operate purely as tourist attractions, and a number of new narrow gauge tourist lines have been built in recent years. The sole passenger-carrying exception is the Glasgow Subway, an underground metro line that operates on a 4 ft (1,219 mm) gauge. The Glasgow Subway is an underground metro line in Glasgow, Scotland. A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway or metro(politan system is an electric passenger railway The Talyllyn Railway holds the distinction of being the first railway in the world of any gauge to be run entirely by volunteers. The Talyllyn Railway (Rheilffordd Talyllyn is a narrow-gauge preserved railway running for from Tywyn on the Mid-Wales coast to Nant Gwernol In addition a few private industrial narrow gauge railways remain, mainly serving the coal and peat extraction industries. An industrial railway is a type of private Railway used exclusively to serve a particular industrial site either entirely within a mine or Factory

Amongst the most well-known narrow gauge lines in Britain are the Ffestiniog - now the oldest independent railway company in the world - the Vale of Rheidol, and the Welshpool & Llanfair in Wales, and the Lynton & Barnstaple in England. The Ffestiniog Railway (Rheilffordd Ffestiniog is a narrow gauge Heritage railway, located in North West Wales. The Vale of Rheidol Railway (VoR Welsh: Rheilffordd Dyffryn Rheidol) is a Narrow-gauge gauge Heritage railway that runs for 11¾ miles between History The W&LLR was one of the few narrow gauge branch lines to be built under the provisions of the 1896 Light Railways Act. The Lynton & Barnstaple Railway (L&B opened as an independent railway in May 1898 Unique amongst British railways is the rack-and-pinion Snowdon Mountain Railway which climbs to just below the summit of Wales' highest peak. The Snowdon Mountain Railway (SMR ( Welsh: Rheilffordd yr Wyddfa) is a narrow gauge rack and pinion Mountain railway in Gwynedd

North America

Canada

Main article: Narrow gauge railways in Canada

Although many railways of central and eastern Canada were initially built to a broad gauge, there were several railways, especially on Canada's Atlantic coast, which were built as individual narrow gauge lines. Although most Railways of central and eastern Canada were initially built to a Broad gauge, there were several especially on Canada's Atlantic coast which were Broad gauge Railways use a Rail gauge (distance between the rails greater than the Standard gauge of.

The first public passenger carrying narrow gauge railways in North America were in Ontario, the Toronto Grey and Bruce Railway and the Toronto and Nipissing Railway, opening in the summer of 1871. The Toronto Grey and Bruce Railway was chartered in 1868 to build a narrow gauge railway from Toronto to Grey and Bruce Counties in The Toronto and Nipissing Railway was chartered in 1868 to build a narrow gauge railway in Ontario, Canada from Toronto to Lake Nipissing The gauge of 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) was chosen on the recommendation of Carl Abraham Pihl, Chief Engineer of the Norwegian State Railways, who adopted this gauge in Norway in the early 1860’s. A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Inches redirects here To see the Les Savy Fav album see Inches. The Millimetre ( American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to Carl Abraham Pihl ( 16 January 1825, Stavanger – 1897 was a Norwegian Civil engineer and director of the Norwegian State Norges Statsbaner commonly know as NSB or the Norwegian State Railways is a Norwegian transport company The objective of the Toronto Grey and Bruce Railway and the Toronto and Nipissing Railway was to open up the bush country north of Toronto to settlement and commerce. The Toronto Grey and Bruce Railway was chartered in 1868 to build a narrow gauge railway from Toronto to Grey and Bruce Counties in The Toronto and Nipissing Railway was chartered in 1868 to build a narrow gauge railway in Ontario, Canada from Toronto to Lake Nipissing Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario The chief Engineer of both railways was Edmund Wragge, a former pupil and associate of Sir Charles Fox. Sir Charles Fox ( 1810-03-11, Derby, United Kingdom – 1874-06-11) was an English Civil engineer and Contractor The Ontario lines were over 300 miles (480 km) in length, and both were built with the objective of connecting with a future Pacific railway. They attempted several innovations: the use of Clark’s six wheel radial axles for longer stock – a complete failure and never used; the use of four wheel boxcars for economy and flexibility – not entirely successful; the use of large Fairlie articulated 0-6-6-0 freight locomotives – found useful initially, but heavy on maintenance and not pursued further; and the early use of powerful Avonside Engine Company 4-6-0 and Baldwin Locomotive Works 2-8-0 locomotives for freight haulage – successful engines which remained in service with the Canadian Pacific Railway after gauge standardization. The Avonside Engine Company was a Locomotive manufacturer in Avon Street St The Baldwin Locomotive Works was an American builder of Railroad Locomotives It was located in Philadelphia Pennsylvania originally and later The Canadian Pacific Railway ( Initially very successful in stimulating trade, the two railways had difficulty carrying all the traffic offered in the early 1870’s. Then, after buying large numbers of new freight locomotives and cars, the traffic fell off during the depression of the mid 1870’s and was insufficient to support the capital invested. Like all smaller railways in central Canada in the early 1880’s they then became vulnerable in the battle for feeder routes and traffic between the Grand Trunk Railway and the Canadian Pacific Railway. The Grand Trunk Railway (GTR was a railway system which operated in the Canadian provinces of Quebec and Ontario, as well as the American The Canadian Pacific Railway ( The Toronto and Nipissing Railway was amalgamated into the Midland Railway of Canada in 1881 and made standard gauge as part of the Midland's plan to obtain direct access to Toronto; later the whole enterprise was absorbed by the Grand Trunk Railway. The Toronto and Nipissing Railway was chartered in 1868 to build a narrow gauge railway in Ontario, Canada from Toronto to Lake Nipissing The Midland Railway of Canada was a historical Canadian railway which ran from Port Hope, Ontario to Midland on Georgian Bay. The Grand Trunk Railway (GTR was a railway system which operated in the Canadian provinces of Quebec and Ontario, as well as the American The Toronto Grey and Bruce Railway was first acquired by the Grand Trunk Railway which converted it to standard gauge in 1881, but then ceded control to the Canadian Pacific Railway. The Toronto Grey and Bruce Railway was chartered in 1868 to build a narrow gauge railway from Toronto to Grey and Bruce Counties in The Grand Trunk Railway (GTR was a railway system which operated in the Canadian provinces of Quebec and Ontario, as well as the American The Canadian Pacific Railway ( Much of the track has been abandoned. Twenty miles of the T&NR from Toronto to Stouffville carries GO Transit commuter trains and a further twelve miles from Stouffville to Uxbridge is operated as a tourist line by the York Durham Heritage Railway. Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario Stouffville (ˈstoʊvɪl is the primary urban area within the Town of Whitchurch-Stouffville, Ontario in Canada. GO Transit is the interregional public transit system serving the Conurbation in Ontario, Canada referred to by Metrolinx as the Stouffville (ˈstoʊvɪl is the primary urban area within the Town of Whitchurch-Stouffville, Ontario in Canada. Uxbridge is a township in south-central Ontario, in the Regional Municipality of Durham in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada. The York Durham Heritage Railway is a Heritage railway in Uxbridge Ontario, just north of Toronto. Twenty-six miles of the TG&BR from Toronto to Bolton carries CPR freight trains, and about three miles from Melville Junction to Orangeville is operated by the Orangeville-Brampton Railway. Bolton is the most populated community in the town of Caledon, located in the Region of Peel, approximately 50 kilometers north-west of Toronto, in Orangeville ( 2006 population 26925 UA population 29110 is a Town in south-central The Orangeville-Brampton Railway is a 55 Kilometre (34 Mile) long Short line Railway between Orangeville and Streetsville Junction

A narrow gauge railway serving coal mines in the Lethbridge area of Alberta was converted to standard gauge after its purchase by the Canadian Pacific; the same fate befell a number of narrow gauge mine railways built in southern British Columbia. Alberta (ælˈbɝtə is one of Canada's prairie provinces. It became a province on September 1 1905 The 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Prince Edward Island Railway was built 1871 but was slow to be converted to standard gauge, the conversion occurring in stages under the auspices of Canadian Government Railways after Prince Edward Island joined Canada in 1873. The Prince Edward Island Railway (PEIR was a historic Canadian railway. Year 1871 ( MDCCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Canadian Government Railways (CGR was the legal name used between 1915&ndash1918 for all federal government-owned railways in Canada. The last narrow gauge sections were not removed until 1920.

Construction on the 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Newfoundland Railway took place between 1881 and 1898. The Newfoundland Railway was a railway which operated on the island of Newfoundland from 1898 to 1988 Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1898 ( MDCCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common It became part of the Canadian National Railways (CNR) when Newfoundland became part of Canada in 1949. Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In 1987 Canada deregulated its railway industry and allowed railways to abandon money-losing lines. Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) Deregulation, a term which gained widespread currency in the period 1970-2000 can be seen as a process by which governments remove reduce or simplify Restrictions on Business As a result, the railways lines on P. E. I. were abandoned by the CNR in 1989. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) The CNR lines in Newfoundland were abandoned in 1988 as the result of a political deal between the province and the federal government, which saw the province receive money for the upgrading the Trans Canada Highway in return for agreeing with the federal government that the CNR be allowed to abandon the lines. Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) The Trans-Canada Highway is a federal-provincial Highway system that joins all ten provinces of Canada. (The continuance of railway service in Newfoundland was part of the deal agreed when Newfoundland joined Canada in 1949. ) Newfoundland also had two separate, privately owned narrow-gauge railways, one serving mines near Buchans, the other serving a paper mill in Grand Falls. Both are now closed

Various mining and industrial operations in eastern, central and western Canada have also operated narrow gauge railways. The only narrow gauge system still in operation in the country is the 3 ft (914 mm) gauge White Pass and Yukon Route that reopened in 1988 to haul tourists from cruise ships docking at Skagway, Alaska through White Pass on the International Boundary to Bennett, British Columbia. The White Pass and Yukon Route ( WP&Y, WP&YR) is a Canadian and U A cruise ship or cruise liner is a Passenger ship used for pleasure voyages where the voyage itself and the ship's amenities are part of the experience A wharf is a landing place or Pier where ships may tie up and load or unload Skagway (ˈskægweɪ is a first-class borough in Alaska, on the Alaska Panhandle. Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent This article refers to the pass between Alaska and British Columbia The Canada – United States border is the international Border between Canada and the United States. Bennett, British Columbia, Canada is an abandoned town next to Bennett Lake. British Columbia (ˌbrɪtɨʃ kəˈlʌmbiə ( BC) ( (la Colombie-Britannique C

Mexico

Various 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge lines operated around Mexico City. A famous one operated in Morelos State. There were also dozens of private narrow gauge lines built to service the mining district.

The Yucatán Peninsula region of Mexico has a network of narrow gauge lines, established before the region was linked by rail to the rest of Mexico in the 1950s. The Yucatán Peninsula, in Southeastern Mexico, separates the Caribbean Sea from the Gulf of Mexico. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Only the main line connecting Mérida to central Mexico has been widened to standard gauge. Mérida ( Tiho' in Modern Maya) is the capital and largest city of the Mexican state of Yucatán and the Yucatan Peninsula.

United States

Main article: American narrow gauge railroads

Many narrow gauge railways were built in the United States. Eastern US In 1866 the East Tennessee and Western North Carolina Railroad constructed a narrow gauge railroad between Johnson City Tennessee and Cranberry The most extensive and well known systems were the 3 ft (914 mm) gauge lines through the Rocky Mountain states of Colorado and New Mexico. Mountain peaks of the Rocky Mountains The Rocky Mountains, often called the Rockies, are a Mountain range in western North America. The State of Colorado ( or chiefly by nonresidents) is a state located in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States of America. New Mexico ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States of America. For a while the majority of the railway mileage in these states was narrow gauge.

In Maine, a network of 2 ft (610 mm) gauge lines served the rural economy between the 1870s and 1940s. The State of Maine ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean Across the US, industrial narrow gauge railways were used, perhaps the best known being the 3 ft (914 mm) gauge logging lines of the western states of Oregon and California. Oregon ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean.

Today a few lines survive as heritage railways and tourist attractions. A heritage railway ( United Kingdom) preserved railway ( United Kingdom) or tourist railroad ( United States and Canada) is a USG Corporation operates an industrial 3 ft (914 mm) gauge line at Plaster City, California and narrow gauge railways are still used for some tunneling and mining work. USG Corporation ( also known as United States Gypsum Corporation, is a Fortune 500 (rank 460 in 2008 company that manufactures construction materials Plaster City California, is an unincorporated place in Imperial County in the U

Central America

Costa Rica

Main article: Rail transport in Costa Rica

See also Railways in Costa Rica

Costa Rican railways are 3 ft (914 mm) gauge and mostly 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) gauge. Railroads in Costa Rica are owned by Incofer (Instituto Costarricense de Ferrocarriles and are of narrow gauge (1067 mm There are many modes of Transportation in Costa Rica. Railways See also Rail transport in Costa Rica total

El Salvador

Main article: Rail transport in El Salvador

El Salvador ran 3 ft (914 mm) gauge steam trains into the 1970s. At present (2008 there are only a limited number of trains in El Salvador. How much of this survived a civil war, earthquake and hurricane is unknown.

See also

• Railways in El Salvador

Guatemala

Main article: Rail transport in Guatemala

• 3 ft (914 mm) gauge, Ferrovías Guatemala

Panama

Main article: Rail transport in Panama

Mule Locos haul ships through the locks in the Panama Canal (Gauge???)

See also

• Transport in Panama

South America

Metre and 3 ft (914 mm) gauge lines are found in South America. Railways See also Rail transport in El Salvador total 602 km (single track all traffic suspended note - some sections abandoned Guatemala had 200 miles (322 km of narrow gauge railroads as of 2006 As of 2006 the only functioning railroad in Panama is Panama Canal Railway Company, successor of Panama Railway - the oldest transcontinental railroad The Panama Canal is a man-made Canal in Panama which joins the Some of the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3⅜ in)-gauge lines cross international borders, though not as efficiently as they might.

Argentina

See also: Rail transport in Argentina

1,000 mm (3 ft 3⅜ in) railways are found in the northern half of the country. The Argentine railway network comprised 47000 km of track at the end of the Second World War and was in its time one of most extensive and prosperous in South America The Old Patagonian Express (La Trochita) is a 402 km-long 750 mm (2 ft 5½ in) narrow gauge railway in the Andean foothills of Patagonia, now running as two portions of its original length. La Trochita, (El Viejo Expreso Patagónico in English known as the Old Patagonian Express, is a Narrow gauge railway in Patagonia The Andes form the world's longest exposed Mountain range. They lie as a continuous chain of highland along the western coast of South America. Llao LLaojpg|thumb|250px| Lake Nahuel Huapi, near Bariloche, Argentina However, all the track is preserved. The Southern Fuegian Railway (End of the World Train) on a 500 mm (1 ft 7¾ in) track is considered the southernmost operating railway in the world. The Southern Fuegian Railway or the End of the World Train ( Spanish: Ferrocarril Austral Fueguino ( FCAF) or El Tren del The Rainforest Ecological Train is a 600 mm environmentally-friendly train that runs through the forest inside Iguazú National Park in the north of the province of Misiones of Argentina and there is also a coal railway, Red de Ferrocarril Industrial de Rio Turbio, that operates between Rio Turbio and Rio Gallegos on 750 mm track gauge. The Rainforest Ecological Train or Waterfalls Train (Tren de las Cataratas or Tren ecológico de la selva is a environmentally-friendly train that runs through the forest inside The Iguazú National Park is a National park of Argentina, located in the Iguazú Department in the north of the province of Misiones, For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics.

Bolivia

All railways in Bolivia are 1,000 mm (3 ft 3⅜ in) gauge.

Brazil

See Railways in Brazil

In Brazil, almost all the lines are 1,000 mm (3 ft 3⅜ in) gauge, with the exception of a few lines in the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and Mato Grosso. Vale (ex-CVRD) also has a line with 1. 6m gauge , from Carajás (PA) to São Luís (MA). A network of 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge lines once operated in Minas Gerais, centered around the city of São João del Rey. This network at one time had over 250 km of railway in operation, but only about 13 km remain in operation as a steam powered tourist railway (Estrada de Ferro Oeste de Minas). The Estrada de Ferro Oeste de Minas was a narrow gauge Railway located in the southeastern Brazilian state of Other small narrow gauge lines include the Rio de Janeiro streetcar (Bonde Santa Tereza), with approximately 13 km of 1,100 mm (3 ft 7. 31 in) gauge, and a very short industial railway near Bertioga built to 800 mm (2 ft 7½ in) gauge. A number of industrial (a 2 ft (610 mm) gauge Portland Cement line near São Paulo, for example) and agricultural (rubber plantations, sugar plantations, logging) railways also existed in Brazil in a number of narrow gauges, but few of those survive today.

Chile

Meter gauge railways are found in the northern half of the country. The Ferrocarril de Antofagasta a Bolivia was originally built to 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge, as were a number of mining and nitrate railways. The Ferrocarril de Antofagasta a Bolivia (in English Antofagasta (Chili & Bolivia Railway or for short FCAB

Colombia

Most of the railways in Colombia are 3 ft (914 mm) gauge.

Ecuador

The railways in Ecuador are 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) gauge. This is a famous route, the one that zig zags past the chilling canyon of the Devil's Nose. Floods, landslides and government neglect have put this operation in doubt, but they are working to restore the railway. The recently elected president Rafael Correa declared the state of emergency of the national railroad. He have secure funding for a master plan to restore it to its previous glory. In the first phase of this plan, the Ecuadorian government will invest over US $283 million to completely repair all the countrie's existing railway system and infrastructure like bridges, walls and train stations. The government will also purchase new locomotives. A second phase seek the building of new railway lines to connect the country with Brazil and Venezuela. Currently two Baldwin locomotives are ready to work, depending on track and traffic. There are also a number of diesel railbuses and some Alsthom diesel locomotives available.

Peru

The Cuzco-Quillibama line in Peru is 3 ft (914 mm) gauge. The other narrow gauge line (Huancayo-Huancavelica) will be converted to standard gauge.

Uruguay

There were four big narrow gauge lines in Uruguay: Puerto del Sauce (now Juan Lacaze)-Terminal: 3 ft (914 mm), (1901-1959), Piriapolis-Pan de Azucar: 750 mm (2 ft 5½ in) (1903-1958), km 393-Arrozal 33: 600 mm (1 ft 11⅝ in) and km 110-Cantera Burgueño: 600 mm (1 ft 11⅝ in). All were dismantled. There were also several quarry lines of 600 mm (1 ft 11⅝ in) gauge, among them the famous INDARE sand line. Around 300 m of that sand line is preserved and also a lot of steam locomotives. One of those is in working order. Also, a new narrow gauge line, of around 1 km, with two diesel locomotives from the former km 110-Cantera Burgueño line, was constructed in a park on the town of Santiago Vazquez, in the West of Montevideo.

Asia

China

Main article: Chinese narrow gauge railways

Many narrow gauge railways existed in China. Metre gauge railways were popular in China in several regions before 1949. The 1,000 mm (3 ft 3⅜ in) gauge Kunming-Hekou Railway (previously known as Sino-Vietnamese Railway) was built by French colonists between Vietnam and China. Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially In Manchuria, lumber industries built narrow gauge railways into the forests, mostly of 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge. Manchuria ( Romanized Manchu: Manju,, Маньчжурия Mongolian: Манж is a historical name given to a vast geographic region in northeast

In Hong Kong the Kowloon-Canton Railway was partially laid to 2 ft (610 mm) and 3 ft (914 mm) gauge during its construction and the Sha Tau Kok Railway was 2 ft (610 mm) gauge for much of its existence. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders The Sha Tau Kok Railway ( Chinese 沙頭角鐵路 was a gauge Narrow gauge railway running from Fanling to Sha Tau Kok in the northern The famous Hong Kong Tramways are 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) gauge. Hong Kong Tramways is one of the three Tramways in the world that have regular operation of Double-decker trams (the others being Blackpool, England

India

India has a substantial narrow gauge network, most of which uses 1,000 mm (3 ft 3⅜ in) gauge. There are some lines that use a 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge, and a few that use 2 ft (610 mm) gauge. These are what are known in India as "narrow gauge" (as opposed to "metre gauge") lines. A narrow gauge railway (or narrow gauge railroad) is a Railway that has a Track gauge narrower than the of Standard gauge railways About 17,000 km of route are metre-gauge in India.

In the 1990s, India concluded that cities on the metre-gauge network have a second-rate train service, and is now converting most of the metre-gauge network to broad gauge as Project Unigauge - the advantages of uniformity and interoperability were judged to outweigh any other possible benefits arising from the use of diverse gauges. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Broad gauge Railways use a Rail gauge (distance between the rails greater than the Standard gauge of. Project Unigauge is an ongoing exercise of the Indian Railways to standardise most of the Rail gauge in India towards a single 1676 mm (5 ft 6 in

In 1999 the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway (sometimes called the Darjeeling "Toy Train") was officially designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, nicknamed the "Toy Train" is a gauge Narrow-gauge railway from Siliguri to Darjeeling in West United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex It is a 2 ft (610 mm) gauge railway that runs from Siliguri to Darjeeling in the state of West Bengal. The railway travels climbs the foothills of the Himalayas and uses several unusual civil engineering techniques to gain the necessary height including several switchbacks, and spirals including the famous double loop at Agony Point. A spiral (sometimes called a spiral loop or just loop) is a technique employed by Railways to ascend steep hills Until recently all trains on this railway were powered by steam locomotives; however in 2001 two modern diesel engines were built for the line. Most trains are now hauled by the latter, though the former are still used for some tourist services.

The Matheran Hill Railway is another surviving 2 ft (610 mm) gauge hill railway. Matheran Hill Railway is a Heritage railway in Maharashtra, India. The route was destroyed by landslides caused by heavy rains in the 2005 monsoons, but has been rebuilt.

The Kalka-Shimla Railway is a 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow gauge railway in North-West India travelling along a mostly mountainous route from Kalka to Shimla. The Kalka-Shimla Railway is a narrow gauge Railway in North-West India travelling along a mostly mountainous route from Kalka to Shimla WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Kalka ( Hindi: कालका is a city and a Municipal committee in Panchkula district Shimla [ʃɪmla] ( Hindi: शिमला originally called Simla, is a city in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh Another narrow gauge railway line in India runs in Kangra Valley, Himachal Pradesh. Himachal Pradesh ( Hindi: हिमाचल प्रदेश Punjabi: ਹਿਮਾਚਲ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ pronounced) is a state in the The trains on this route run from Pathankot to Joginder Nagar through Kangra Valley. Pathankot ( Punjabi: ਪਠਾਨਕੋਟ Hindi: पठानकोट Pashto: پٹھان ڪوٽ a city and a Municipal committee in WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Jogindarnagar or Jogindar Nagar is a town and a Nagar panchayat in Mandi district

Parlakimidi Light Railway, the Naupada-Gunupur railway line in India is laid between the east coast and Eastern Ghats in North Eastern Andhra Pradesh and Southern Orissa. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Naupada is a village located in Santha Bommali mandal of Srikakulam district, Andhra Pradesh WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Gunupur is a town and a Notified area committee in Rayagada district in the Indian The Eastern Ghats are a discontinuous range of mountains along India 's eastern coast Orissa (ଓଡ଼ିଶା is a state located on the east coast of India, by the Bay of Bengal. It was built by Maharajah of Paralakhemundi in 1889. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Parlakhemundi (Odia ପାରଳାଖେମୁନ୍ଡି is a small town and a Municipality in

Other narrow gauge lines are^[3]:

Shantipur Jn - Krishnagar City Jn - Nabadwip Ghat (28 km) Nadiad Jn - Petlad Jn - Bochansan Jn - Bhadran (59 km) Dabhoi Jn - Pratapnagar - Vishvamitri Jn - Jambusar Jn (79 km) Dabhoi Jn - Miyagam Karjan Jn (33 km) Dabhoi Jn - Chandod (17 km) Dabhoi Jn - Chhuchhapura Jn - Bodeli (25 km) Dabhoi Jn - Chhuchhapura Jn - Tankhala (53 km) Bilimor Jn - Waghai (65 km) Dhaulpur Jn - Bari - Mohari Jn - Tantpur / Sirmuttra (89 km) Gwalior Jn - Sabalgarh - Sheopur Kalan (200 km)

Achalpur - Murtajapur Jn - Yavatmal (113 km) Pulgaon - Arvi (35km) Miraj Jn - Pandharpur - Kurduvadi Jn - Barsi Town - Latur (300 km) Some sections of this line have been converted to broad gauge and the total length is now reduced to around 200 km ) Nainpur Jn - Jabalpur (71km) Nainpur Jn - Balaghat Jn - Katangi (156 km) Nainpur Jn - Mandla Fort (30 km) Nainpur Jn - Chhindwara - Itwari Jn - Nagpur Jn (290 km) Nagpur - Naghbir Jn (111 km) Raipur Jn - Abhanpur Jn - Dhamtari (27 km) Barddhaman Jn - Katwa Jn - Ahmadpur Jn (105 km). for the towns in Nepal see Shantipur Nepal WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Shantipur (শান্তিপুর WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Krishnanagar is a Municipality and administrative headquarters of Nadia district in the WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Nabadwip (নবদ্বীপ (also Navadwip Navadvipa or Nabadwipdham is a city and a Municipality WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Nadiad ( Gujarati:નડીયાદ Hindi:नडीयाद is a city and an administrative WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Petlad is a Town and a Municipality "Taluka" in Anand district in the Indian Bhadran is a village in the Indian state of Gujarat. It is in the Anand district. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Dabhoi is a city and a Municipality in Vadodara district in the state of Gujarat Pratapnagar is a village in southwest part of Bangladesh near Sundarban in Assasuni Thana, Satkhira, Bangladesh WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Jambusar is a city and a Municipality in Bharuch district in the Indian state WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Bodeli is a Census town in Vadodara district in the state of Gujarat, India Waghai is a town in the Dang District of the southern part of Gujarat state in India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Dholpur (also Dhaulpur Hindiधौलपुर is a city in eastern Rajasthan state of Bari ( Barium in Latin, Bàrion or Vàrion in Greek, Bare in Neapolitan Tantpur is small town in the Agra district, Uttar Pradesh, India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Gwalior ( Hindi: ग्वालियर) is a city in Madhya Pradesh in India WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Sabalgarh is a city and a Municipality in Morena district in the Indian state WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Achalpur, formerly known as Ellichpur, is a city and a Municipal council in Amravati WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Murtajapur (also called as Murtijapur and Murtizapur is a Municipal council and one WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Yavatmal (यवतमाळ is a city and a Municipal council in Yavatmal district in WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Pulgaon is a city and a Municipal council in Wardha district in the Indian state Although unrelated "Miraj" can also refer to the Islamic tradition according Muhammad 's ascent to heaven WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Pandharpur is an important pilgrimage city on the Bhimā river in Solāpur district, WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Kurduvadi or Kurudwadi is a small town in Solapur district in Maharashtra state WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Latur ( Marathi: लातुर is a city and a Municipal council in Latur district WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Nainpur is a town and a Municipality in Mandla district in the Indian state WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Jabalpur (lang-hi|जबलपुर}} is a city in the state of Madhya Pradesh in India WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Balaghat is a city and a Municipality in Balaghat district in the state of Madhya Pradesh WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Katangi is a town and a Nagar panchayat in Balaghat district in the Indian state WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Mandla ( Hindi:मंडला is a city and a Municipality in Mandla district in WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Chhindwara (also spelt Chindawara or Chindwara is a city and a Municipality in Chhindwara district Nāgpur ( Marathi: नागपुर is the largest city in central India (2001 Census and the second capital of the state of Maharashtra. Nāgpur ( Marathi: नागपुर is the largest city in central India (2001 Census and the second capital of the state of Maharashtra. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Dhamtari is a city and a Municipality in Dhamtari District in the state of Chhattisgarh WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Bardhaman (also Barddhaman; Bengali: বর্ধমান Bôrdhoman) is a city Katwa is a subdivision in the district of Bardhaman, West Bengal. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Ahmadpur is a city and a Municipal council in Latur district in the state of Maharashtra Lucknow to Agra fort

Indonesia

Indonesia had large numbers of narrow gauge railways supporting industry, mainly sugar cane plantations in Java. Lucknow is also a mansion in New Hampshire Lucknow ( लखनऊ لکھنؤ Lakhnaū) is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh Agra ( pronounced) (आगरा آگرا is a city on the banks of the Yamuna River in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, In recent years, sugar cane production in Java has been declining and the railways are now largely closed or used for tourism. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "

Most of the current active railways in Indonesia use the Cape gauge 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm).

Japan

Except for the high-speed Shinkansen lines, all of Japan Railways Group's network is narrow gauge, built at 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm). The is a Network of High-speed railway lines in Japan operated by four Japan Railways Group companies The Japan Railways Group, more commonly known as, consists of seven for-profit companies that took over most of the Assets and Operations of the government-owned Some companies, such as Kintetsu, Keisei Electric Railway, Keihin Electric Express Railway, Hankyu Railway, Tokyo Metro's Ginza Line and Marunouchi line, use standard gauge. named Kinki Nippon Railway Co Ltd in English (a full translation of its Japanese name until June 27, 2003, is a Japanese rail transit corporation The is a major private railway in Chiba and Tokyo, Japan. The name Keisei is the combination of contractions of "Tokyo The ( also known as or more recently, is a private railroad that connects inner Tokyo to Kawasaki, Yokohama, Yokosuka and other points on the Miura Peninsula Hankyu Railway (阪急電鉄 Hankyū Dentetsu) is a Japanese Private railway that provides commuter and interurban service to the northern Kansai region is one of two metro systems making up the Tokyo subway system the other being Toei. History The Ginza Line began as the brainchild of a businessman named, who visited London in 1914 saw the London Underground and concluded that Tokyo needed Opening dates The Marunouchi Line is the second subway line to be built in the city and the first to be constructed after the Second World War. Keio Electric Railway, Toei Shinjuku Line and Tokyo and Hakodate tramways use 4 ft 6 in (1,372 mm) gauge. For other uses see Keio (disambiguation. ( is a private Railway operator in Tokyo, Japan, and a central firm of the The is a subway line of the Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation ("Toei" network in Tokyo, Japan. The or simply Toden, is the streetcar network of Tokyo, Japan. The is a Public transportation authority of Hakodate, Japan. The bureau only operates Tram lines There are some dual gauge lines which allow Shinkansen trains to travel on narrow gauge branches. Japan adopted 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) as a standard narrow gauge for minor, forestry and industrial lines. However, most of these narrow gauge lines were abandoned and currently only four lines remain in operation.

Malaysia

Malaysia's oldest railway systems are solely 1,000 mm (3 ft 3⅜ in) gauge, a standard that has been adopted since the British colonial government laid down the first railway lines in 1885. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and

Keretapi Tanah Melayu, the main railway operator in Peninsular Malaysia, uses metre gauge for the main west and east coast intercity lines, as well as railway lines spanning Singapore, from the Johor-Singapore Causeway to the Tanjong Pagar railway station. Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad ( KTMB) or Malayan Railways Limited is the main rail operator in Peninsular Malaysia. Peninsular Malaysia ( Semenanjung Malaysia) also known as Malaya or West Malaysia, is the part of Malaysia which lies on Singapore The Johor-Singapore Causeway (Tambak Johor is a 1056-metre Causeway that links the city of Johor Bahru in Malaysia across the Straits of Johor Tanjong Pagar railway station ( Chinese: 丹戎巴葛火车总站 Malay: Stesen Keretapi Tanjung Pagar) also called Keppel Road railway Existing metre gauge lines are also used for KTM Komuter, the country's commuter rail service, which links Kuala Lumpur with neighbouring suburbs. KTM Komuter is an electrified Commuter train service operated by Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad Various terms are used for Passenger rail lines and equipment However, standard gauge is used by the newer light rail operators in Kuala Lumpur city (Putra LRT, Star LRT) as well as the privately operated Express Rail Link to the airport. For specific light rail systems many of which use the words "light rail" as part of their name see List of light-rail transit systems. Kuala Lumpur (ˈkwɑːləlʊmˈpʊər Malay /kwɑlɑlʊmpʊ/ and locally /kwɑləlʊmpɔ/ or even /kɔlɔmpɔ/ or often abbreviated as K The Kelana Jaya Line (coloured Pink on the Kuala Lumpur transit map is one of the two light rail transit lines in the Kuala Lumpur Rail Transit System The is one of the two lines in Kuala Lumpur Rail Transit System network operated by RapidKL Rail network The Express Rail Link is a Standard gauge and electrified Airport rail link in Malaysia that connects the Kuala Lumpur International

In Sabah, the North Borneo Railway ("Keretapi Negeri Sabah") runs a metre gauge line from Kota Kinabalu up to Tenom in the Crocker Ranges, via Beaufort. Sabah is a Malaysian state located on the northern portion of the island of Borneo. Sabah State Railway (SSR is a railway system and operator in the state of Sabah in Malaysia. Kota Kinabalu (ˈkɔtɑ kɪnɑbɑlʊ formerly known as Jesselton, is the capital of Sabah, a state in Malaysia, as well as the capital of the West Steam trains are also used in this route. A steam locomotive is a Locomotive powered by Steam. The term usually refers to its use on Railways but can also refer to a "road locomotive"

Philippines

Except for the Light Rail Transit (LRT) and Metro Rail Transit (MRT) systems in Metro Manila, which have both been constructed to the international standard gauge, the Philippine National Railways ("PNR") uses the "Cape Gauge" of 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm). The Manila Light Rail Transit System, popularly known as the LRT, is the main metropolitan rail system serving the Metro Manila area in the Philippines The Manila Metro Rail Transit System, popularly known as the MRT, Metrostar Express or Metrostar, is part of the metropolitan rail system Metropolitan Manila ( Filipino: Kalakhang Maynila, Kamaynilaan) or the National Capital Region (NCR ( Filipino: Pambansang The standard gauge (also named the Stephenson gauge after George Stephenson, or Normal gauge) is a widely-used Rail gauge. Philippine National Railways ( Filipino: Pambansang Daangbakal ng Pilipinas) also known by its acronym PNR, is a state-owned railway system The PNR currently opertes only one line: from Manila to the southern Luzon city of Legaspi. The City of Manila The City of Legazpi ( Bikol: Ciudad nin Legazpi; Filipino: Lungsod ng Legazpi) is a first class city and capital of the province Until the 1980s a more extensive network existed going as far north as San Fernando in La Union province. There are plans to restore the La Union line and to build new lines connecting Manila to Batangas and the international airport. This article is about the province For the city see Batangas City.

There are also a number of industrial narrow gauge steam railways operating in the sugar cane industry. These are concentrated on the islands of Negros and Panay. Negros is an island of the Philippines located in the Visayas, at. Panay is an Island in the Philippines located in the Visayas. The Visayas region is the main center for the sugar cane lines; some of the mills, such as La Carlotta Milling in Negros, run charter trains for tourists. Visayas ( Visayan: Kabisay-an) is one of the three island groups in the Philippines, along with Luzon and Mindanao. Abandoned lines exists on the islands of Cebu, abandoned in the 1950s or 1960s, Mindanao, and Panay, closed in the 1990s. Cebu is one of the Provinces of the Philippines. It lies to the east of Negros Island; to the west of Leyte and to the southeast is Bohol Mindanao is the second largest and easternmost Island in the Philippines. Panay is an Island in the Philippines located in the Visayas. There are plans to restore the Panay Rail line which connects Roxas City with Iloilo. Roxas City is a second class city in the province of Capiz, Philippines. Iloilo is a province of the Philippines located in the Western Visayas region.

Taiwan

Except for the high speed railway and the metro systems in Taipei and Kaohsiung, all of Taiwan's railway network is narrow gauge, built at 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm). The Taiwan High Speed Rail ( also known as the THSR) is a High-speed rail network that runs along the west coast of Taiwan. The Taipei Rapid Transit System ( also known as the MRT (Metropolitan Rapid Transit or the Taipei Metro ( is a Rapid transit system serving a The Kaohsiung Mass Rapid Transit System ( KMRT;) is a Rapid transit in the metropolitan area of Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. The isolated east coast railways that used 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge were converted to 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) when the lines were linked to the west coast system.

A 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow gauge Alishan Forest Railway stretches 72 km and connects the city of Chiayi to the mountain resort of Alishan. The Alishan Forest Railway (阿里山森林鐵路 is an 86 km network of narrow gauge ( railways running up to and throughout the popular mountain resort of Alishan The line serves mainly as a tourist attraction and offers breathtaking mountain views.

On September 7, 2006, Taiwanese government declared a plan to update to the standard gauge system. Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. [6] It's not the first time that this plan was proposed. In fact, some of the facilities have allowed for standard gauge conversion such as the underground tunnels constructed since the late 1980s. Many experts criticize the proposal as prohibitively expensive if not impossible as all locomotives, passenger and freight cars must be converted to standard gauge.

Middle East

Until 1932 a narrow gauge train ran from Cairo through Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Persia (later Iran) and Iraq. The tracks and stations are mostly tourist sites, with some sections refurbished and run as a tourist attraction. The train was notorious for being slow, and failing to go uphill

Thailand

While the Northern Line was originally build as 1,435 mm (4 ft 8½ in) standard gauge, the line was regauged after 1919 and the State Railway of Thailand now operates entirely on 1,000 mm (3 ft 3⅜ in) gauge, including international through services to Malaysia. The State Railway of Thailand ( Thai: การรถไฟแห่งประเทศไทย is the state-owned rail operator of Thailand. However, standard gauge is used by the Bangkok Skytrain and the Bangkok Metro. Bangkok Mass Transit System (BTS or Skytrain (รถไฟฟ้า is the elevated metro system in Bangkok, Thailand, operated by Bangkok The Bangkok Metro, officially called the Mass Rapid Transit ( MRT) is Bangkok 's underground metro system

Africa

Narrow gauge railways are common in Africa, where great distances, challenging terrain and low funding have made the narrow gauges attractive. Many nations, particularly in southern Africa, including the extensive South African Railway network (Spoornet), use a 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) gauge. Among Transnet 's railway service divisions are Protekon, a transport infrastructure design company Transnet Rail Engineering (formerly Transwerk Metre gauge is also common, as in the case of the Uganda Railway. The Uganda Railway is a historical Railway system linking the interiors of Uganda and Kenya to the Indian Ocean at Mombasa in There used to be extensive 2 ft (610 mm) and 600 mm (1 ft 11⅝ in) gauge networks in countries such as Morocco, Congo, Angola, Namibia and South Africa, but these have mostly been dismantled. Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa The Democratic Republic of the Congo (République démocratique du Congo often referred to as DR Congo, DRC or RDC, and formerly known or referred to Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (República de Angola Pronounced ʁɛˈpublikɐ dɨ ɐ̃ˈgɔlɐ Repubilika ya Ngola is a country in south-central Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa on the Atlantic coast The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa

Because Africa is divided into many countries, railways built by different governments tend not to link up with each other, each country's lines connecting its outlands with its own port. Incompatible gauges are therefore not obvious. For example, a link from Nigeria to Cameroon would join 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) to 1,000 mm (3 ft 3⅜ in). Nigeria, officially named the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal Constitutional republic comprising thirty-six states and one Federal The Republic of Cameroon is a unitary republic of central and western Africa.

Eritrea

Further north, the Eritrean Railway is in the midst of resurrecting its 950 mm (3 ft 1⅜ in) narrow gauge railway, a relic of its former Italian colonial days that was abandoned and heavily damaged during Eritrea's war of independence. The Eritrean Railway is the only Railway system in Eritrea, constructed between 1887 and 1932 The Eritrean War of Independence ( 1 September 1961 - 29 May 1991) was a conflict fought between the Ethiopian government and Eritrean Neighbouring railways (should they ever connect) are 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) in Sudan and 1,000 mm (3 ft 3⅜ in) in Ethiopia. Sudan (officially the Republic of Sudan) ( السودان al-Sūdān is a country in northeastern Africa. NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page

Cameroon

During the First World War when Cameroon was a German possession, a network of 2 ft (610 mm) gauge Feldbahn railways were built. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All A Feldbahn is the German term for a Narrow gauge railway, usually not open to the public which in its simplest form provides for the transportation of agricultural forestry These eventually extended to around 150 km of track serving rubber and palm oil plantations. ^[4]

The 1,000 mm (3 ft 3⅜ in) gauge is now in use.

Morocco

Main article: Rail transport in Morocco

Morocco had from 1912 - 1935 one of the largest 600 mm gauge network in Africa with total length of more than 1700 kilometres. Rail transport in Morocco is operated by ONCF. It is the continent's second highest developed rail transport system after South Africa's After the treaty of Algeciras where the representatives of Great Powers agreed not to build any standard gauge railway in Morocco until the standard gauge Tangier - Fez Railway being completed, the French begun to built military 600 mm gauge lines in their part of Morocco French Morocco.

South Africa

See also: Rail transport in South Africa

Originally standard gauge, the railways of the then Cape Colony changed to narrow gauge 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm), sometimes known as Cape gauge, for cost-cutting reasons. Rail transport in South Africa is arguably the most important piece of the country's Transportation infrastructure. The Cape Colony, part of modern South Africa, was established by the Dutch East India Company in 1652 with the founding of Cape Town. However, with the development of a strong economy, with heavy export coal and iron ore traffic, and electrification of most main lines, South Africa, like Queensland, operates several narrow gauge trains that outdo most standard gauge and all broad gauge trains. In fact, in 1989 the Sishen-Saldanha line set a world record by carrying the biggest train in history, 7. 2 km long containing 660 wagons pulled by 15 locomotives and weighing 71,232 tonnes. ^[5] However, the proposed Gautrain railway between Johannesburg and Pretoria will operate on standard gauge, and will thus not be capable of using any of the country's existing rail network. Gautrain is an 80-kilometre mass rapid transit Railway system under construction in Gauteng Province, South Africa that will ultimately Johannesburg ( Pronounced /jō-hān'ĭs-bûrg'/ is the largest city in South Africa. Pretoria is a city located in the northern part of Gauteng Province, South Africa.

Australia

Main article: Australian narrow gauge railways

Before 1901, each of the six British colonies was responsible for rail transport infrastructure. Cape Town (Kaapstad Xhosa: Ikapa) is the second most populous city in South Africa, forming part of the metropolitan municipality of the Pretoria is a city located in the northern part of Gauteng Province, South Africa. See also Rail transport in Australia Rail transport in Australia involves a number of Narrow gauge railways. Queensland, Western Australia, and Tasmania constructed for narrow gauge railways. Queensland is a state of Australia, occupying the north-eastern corner of the mainland continent Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. Tasmania is an Australian island and state of the same name It is located south of the eastern side of the Continent, being separated from it by Bass The other colonies built either standard gauge or broad gauge railways, maintaining only limited narrow gauge rail lines, except for South Australia, which built both narrow and broad gauge. South Australia is a state of Australia in the southern central part of the country As a result of this legacy, Australian railways are a confusing mix of all three gauges.

In 1865, the Queensland Railways was the first mainline narrow gauge railway in the world ^[6]. QR Limited is the company government-owned corporation responsible for the operation and maintenance of the railway system in the State of Queensland Its tracks would eventually extend to around 9000 km. Queensland Rail operates the QR Tilt Train, with a maximum speed of 165 km/h. The Tilt Train is a Queensland Rail train running the coast of Queensland, from Brisbane to Rockhampton and Cairns. (For the South African airport with IATA code "KMH" see Johan Pienaar Airport. This train currently holds the Australian Railway Speed Record of 210. 7 km/h. (For the South African airport with IATA code "KMH" see Johan Pienaar Airport. Queensland also has extensive sugar cane tramways of 2 ft (610 mm) gauge.

Following the success of the narrow gauge in Queensland, several narrow gauge lines were built in South East Australia. From the 1920s onwards several of these were converted to broad gauge.

Inspired by the success of the narrow gauge in Queensland, Western Australia adopted the same gauge. Until closure in 1958 Perth had the only narrow gauge tramway network of any considerable extent in mainland Australia. Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia.

The Northern Territory adopted narrow gauge when it was still part of South Australia, and a North-South transcontinental line was planned from Adelaide to Darwin in the 1870s. In the event this line was never completed, and due to flood damage and lack of traffic, the narrow gauge line was closed.

Four common carrier lines in Victoria were built to the 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow gauge standard, to serve local farming and forestry communities. A common carrier is a business that transports people goods or services and offers its services to the general public under license or authority provided by a regulatory body The former Victorian Railways, the state railway authority in Victoria, Australia built a number of experimental Narrow gauge railway lines around Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture Forestry is the Art and Science of managing forests tree Plantations and related Natural resources. Sections of two lines (Belgrave to Gembrook and Thomson to Walhalla) have been restored as tourist railways.

New Zealand

See also: Rail transport in New Zealand

Much like Australia, there was initially no uniformity in track gauges in New Zealand. For the collection of Horsedrawn Carriages see Mossman Collection Mossman is a town of 1700 people in Far North Queensland, Australia Rail transport in New Zealand consists of a network of gauge ( Cape gauge) Railway lines in both the North and South Islands of New Zealand This was because the construction of railways was undertaken by the various provinces of New Zealand rather than the central government. Provinces in New Zealand were used from 1841 until the Abolition of the Provinces Act came into force on November 1, 1876. The Canterbury Provincial Railways opened New Zealand's first railway in 1863 and used a broad gauge of 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) , while Southland built the Bluff and Kingston Branches to 1,435 mm (4 ft 8½ in), and short segments of 1,435 mm (4 ft 8½ in) railway were also constructed in the Auckland and Northland Regions. The Canterbury Provincial Railways were an early part of the railways of New Zealand. Southland (Murihiku is the name of New Zealand 's southernmost region and is also the name of a district within that region The Bluff Branch is a Railway line in Southland, New Zealand that links Invercargill with the port of Bluff. Construction The Kingston Branch was built to be a main line north from Invercargill to improve communications through the Southland region and to provide a link Geography On the mainland the region extends from the mouth of the Kaipara Harbour in the north across the southern stretches of the North Auckland Peninsula Geography Northland is located in what is often referred to by New Zealanders as the Far North, or because of its mild climate The Winterless North. Eventually, under the public works schemes of Premier Julius Vogel, the railways of New Zealand were made to adhere to a 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) gauge. Sir Julius Vogel, KCMG ( February 24, 1835 - March 12, 1899) was New Zealand 's only practicing Jewish The first 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) gauge railway in New Zealand was the Dunedin and Port Chalmers Railway, which opened on 1 January 1873. The Port Chalmers Branch was the first railway line built in Otago, New Zealand, and linked the region's major city of Dunedin with the port in Port New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Today, the network connects most major New Zealand cities, and is around 4,000 km in length.

See also

Rail transport by country Standard gauge Broad gauge Rail gauge Feldbahn Railroad switch (points) List of medium gauges used around the world

List of narrow gauges used around the world List of minimum gauges used around the world Minimum gauge railway Ridable miniature railway War Department Light Railways

External links

• Narrow Gauge Talk Forum-The place where Narrow Gauge Fans go to talk! Anyone is welcome to sign up, its free! We'll enjoy your company and the many things you may have to offer
• Jane's World Railways (hard copy)
• Railroad Gauge Width
• Polish Narrow Gauge Railways
• Narrow Gauge Heaven - this site has a large photo gallery of narrow gauge railways
• Parovoz - Russian narrow gauge railways
• Narrow Gauge Railway Museum - based at the Talyllyn Railway in Wales. This page provides an index of articles on Rail transport by country. The standard gauge (also named the Stephenson gauge after George Stephenson, or Normal gauge) is a widely-used Rail gauge. Broad gauge Railways use a Rail gauge (distance between the rails greater than the Standard gauge of. Rail gauge is the distance between the inner sides of the two parallel rails that make up a railway track. A Feldbahn is the German term for a Narrow gauge railway, usually not open to the public which in its simplest form provides for the transportation of agricultural forestry This article primarily uses North American terminology British and Commonwealth terms are given in parentheses Named gauges Broad gauge railways by gauge and country Standard gauge railways, by country This is the Standard or international Named gauges Broad gauge railways by gauge and country Standard gauge railways, by country This is the Standard or international Named gauges Broad gauge railways by gauge and country Standard gauge railways, by country This is the Standard or international Minimum Gauge Railways have a gauge of less than or, most commonly,, or. A ridable miniature railway (USA 'riding railroad' or ' grand scale railroad' is a ground-level large scale model railway that hauls passengers using Locomotives The War Department Light Railways were a system of Narrow gauge Trench railways run by the British War Department in World War I. The Talyllyn Railway (Rheilffordd Talyllyn is a narrow-gauge preserved railway running for from Tywyn on the Mid-Wales coast to Nant Gwernol
• Cy Crumley ET&WNC Narrow Gauge Photo Collection
• Narrow Gauge in Austria
• Expo Narrow Gauge - model railway exhibition
• 'The Narrow Gauge for Us' Charles Cooper's Railway Pages
• 'Narrow Gauge Through the Bush' Charles Cooper's Railway Pages
• 'Toronto Grey and Bruce' R L Kennedy's Old Time Trains

References

• P. J. G. Ransom. Narrow Gauge Steam - Its origins and worldwide development, Oxford Publishing Co. , 1996, ISBN 0-86093-533-7
• P. Whitehouse, J. Snell. Narrow Gauge Railways of the British Isles, David & Charles, 1994, ISBN C-7153-0196-9
• Railroads of Colorado: Your Guide to Colorado's Historic Trains and Railway Sites, Claude Wiatrowski, Voyageur Press, 2002, hardcover, 160 pages, ISBN 0-89658-591-3
• Keith Chester. David & Charles (also David and Charles) is a publisher specialising in illustrated non-fiction books "East European Narrow Gauge" 1995
• "Narrow Gauge Through the Bush - Ontario's Toronto Grey and Bruce and Toronto and Nipissing Railways"; Rod Clarke; pub. Beaumont and Clarke, with the Credit Valley Railway Company, Streetsville, Ontario, 2007. ISBN 978-0-9784406-0-2
• "The Narrow Gauge For Us - The Story of the Toronto and Nipissing Railway"; Charles Cooper; pub. The Boston Mills Press; Erin, Ontario, 1982.
• "Narrow Gauge Railways of Canada"; Omer Lavallee; pub. Railfair, Montreal, 1972.
• "Narrow Gauge Railways of Canada"; Omer Lavallee, expanded and revised by Ronald S Ritchie; pub. Fitzhenry and Whiteside, Markham, Ontario, 2005.
• "The Toronto Grey and Bruce Railway 1863-1884; Thomas F McIlwraith; pub. Upper Canada Railway Society, Toronto, 1963.
• "Steam Trains to the Bruce"; Ralph Beaumont; pub. The Boston Mills Press; Cheltenham, Ontario, 1977
• "Running Late on the Bruce"; Ralph Beaumont & James Filby; pub The Boston Mills Press, Cheltenham, Ontario, 1980

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