The Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests are a tropical dry forest ecoregion of central India. The tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forest Biome, also known as tropical dry forest, is located at tropical and subtropical latitudes India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The ecoregion lies mostly in Madhya Pradesh state, but extends into portions of Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, and Uttar Pradesh states. Madhya Pradesh (abbreviated as MP) ( Hindī: मध्य प्रदेश pronounced, Translation: Middle Province) often Chhattisgarh ( Chhattisgarhi / Hindi: छत्तीसगढ़ tʃʰət̪t̪iːsgəɽʰ, a state in central India, formed when the sixteen Maharashtra ( Marathi: mahārāṣṭra, IPA) is a state located on the western coast of India. Uttar Pradesh (उत्तर प्रदेश اتر پردیش pronounced, Translation: Northern Province) referred to as '''U
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The Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests cover an area of 169,900 km² (65,600 square miles) of the lower Narmada River Valley and the surrounding uplands. The Narmada नर्मदा Gujarati નર્મદા or Nerbudda (Narbada is a river in central India and the fifth largest river in the Indian subcontinent The Narmada Valley is an east-west flat-bottomed valley, or graben, that separates two plateaus. A graben is a depressed block of land bordered by parallel faults Graben is German for ditch. The Vindhya Range forms the northern edge of the Narmada Valley, and separates the Narmada Valley from the Malwa plateau and Bundelkhand upland, which lie to the north. The Vindhya Range ( Sanskrit: विन्ध्य is a range of older rounded mountains and hills in the west-central Indian subcontinent which geographically Geography Bundelkhand lies between the Indo-Gangetic Plain to the north and the Vindhya Range to the south The Satpura Range encloses the Narmada Valley on the south, and separates the Narmada Valley from the Deccan plateau. The Satpura Range is a range of Hills in central India. The range rises in eastern Gujarat state near the Arabian Sea coast running east through The ecoregion includes the western portion of the Satpuras, and also extends to the southeast along the eastern flank of the Western Ghats range. The Western Ghats ( Kannada ಸಹ್ಯಾದ್ರಿ Marathi / Konkani - सह्याद्री Sahyadri Malayalam സഹ്യപര്വ്വതം
Rainfall in the ecoregion is highly seasonal; a seven- to eight-month dry season is followed by the June-to-September southwest monsoon, which brings 1,200-1,500 mm of rainfall in an average year. A monsoon is a seasonal prevailing wind which lasts for several months Many trees lose their leaves during the long dry season to conserve moisture.
The ecoregion lies between moister forests to the northeast, southeast, and southwest, which receive greater rainfall from the southeast monsoon, and the drier forests and scrublands of the Deccan to the south and Malwa and Gujarat to the west and northwest. Gujarat (ગુજરાત Gujǎrāt, pronounced) is a state in western India. The lowland Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests lie to the northeast, on the alluvial plain of the Ganges River and its tributaries below the eastern Vindhyas and the Bundelkhand upland. The Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests is a tropical moist broadleaf forest Ecoregion of northern India. The Ganges (ˈgænʤiːz also Ganga, Devanāgarī: hi गंगा in most Indian languages) is the major river in the Indian subcontinent The Chota-Nagpur dry deciduous forests lie on the Chota Nagpur plateau to the east. The Chota Nagpur dry deciduous forest is a tropical dry broadleaf forest Ecoregion in eastern India. The Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests, which receive more annual moisture from the Bay of Bengal, lie to the southeast. The Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests is a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of east-central India. The Bay of Bengal is a bay that forms the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean. To the southwest, along the spine of the Western Ghats range, lie the wetter North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests, which receive more moisture from the southwest monsoon winds off the Arabian Sea. The North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests is a tropical moist broadleaf forest Ecoregion of southwestern India. The Arabian Sea ( Arabic: بحر العرب transliterated: Baḥr al-'Arab Sanskrit: सिन्धु सागर transliterated:
To the south, the Deccan Plateau of Maharashtra lies in the rain shadow of the Western Ghats, and is home to the Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests of Vidarbha and the drier Deccan thorn scrub forests of Kandesh. For the Australian television series see Rain Shadow (TV series. The Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests is a Tropical dry broadleaf forest Ecoregion of southern India. Vidarbha (Marathi विदर्भ is the eastern region of Maharashtra state made up of Nagpur Division and Amravati Division. The Deccan thorn scrub forests is a xeric shrubland Ecoregion of India and northernmost Sri Lanka. Khandesh (Marathi खानदेश is a region of central India, which forms the northwestern portion of Maharashtra state The Kathiarbar-Gir dry deciduous forests cover most of Malwa to the northwest and the lowlands of Gujarat to the west. The Kathiawar-Gir dry deciduous forests are a tropical dry broadleaf forest Ecoregion of western India. Gujarat (ગુજરાત Gujǎrāt, pronounced) is a state in western India.
Flora
The natural vegetation of the region is a three-tiered forest. The forests typically have an upper canopy at 15-25 meters, a 10-15 meter understory of smaller trees and large shrubs, and a 3-4 meter undergrowth. Teak (Tectona grandis) is the dominant canopy tree, in association with Coromandel Ebony (Diospyros melanoxylon), Dhaora (Anogeissus latifolia), Lagerstroemia parviflora, Terminalia tomentosa, Lannea coromandelica, Hardwickia binata, and Boswellia serrata. Teak ( Tectona) is a genus of tropical Hardwood Trees in the family Verbenaceae, native to the south and southeast of Asia Coromandel Ebony ( Diospyros celebica) also known as Makassar Ebony, is a member of the genus Diospyros and one of the plants commonly known Anogeissus latifolia is a Species of small to medium-sized tree native to the India, Nepal, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka Anogeissus is a Genus of Trees native to South Asia, the Arabian Peninsula, and Africa, belonging to family Combretaceae Lagerstroemia (properly Crape-myrtle, sometimes spelled Crepe-myrtle) is a Genus of around 50 species of Deciduous and Evergreen Terminalia elliptica (syn T alata Heyne ex Roth T tomentosa (Roxb Boswellia serrata is Indian frankincense or Salai. It is found in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh in India.
Riparian areas along the regions rivers and streams, which receive year-round water, are home to moist evergreen forests, whose dominant tree species are Terminalia arjuna, Syzygium cumini, Syzygium heyneanum, Salix tetrasperma, Homonoia riparia, and Vitex negundo. "Riparian" redirects here For the legal doctrine see " Riparian water rights.
Fauna
The ecoregion is home to 76 species of mammals, none of which are endemic, although several of which, including tiger (Panthera tigris), gaur (Bos gaurus), Dhole or Asiatic wild dog (Cuon alpinus), sloth bear (Melursus ursinus), chousingha (Tetracerus quadricornis), and blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra), are threatened. Mammals ( class Mammalia) are a class of Vertebrate Animals characterized by the presence of Sweat glands, including sweat glands Endemism is the Ecological state of being unique to a place Endemic species are not naturally found elsewhere The tiger ( Panthera tigris) is a member of the Felidae family the largest and the most powerful of the four " Big cats quot in the Genus The gaur (ˈɡaʊɚ ( Bos gaurus, previously Bibos gauris) is a large dark-coated bovine animal of South Asia and Southeast Asia. The Dhole ( Cuon alpinus) also known as the Asiatic Wild Dog, Indian Wild Dog or Red Dog is a Mammal of the order Carnivora The Sloth Bear ( Melursus ursinus) also known as the Lip Bear, Though originally classed as a "bear sloth" due to the shape of its claws The Four-horned Antelope ( Tetracerus quadricornis) also known as the chousingha is an Antelope found in open forest in South Asia. Blackbuck ( Antilope cervicapra) is a species of Antelope found mainly in India, but also in parts of Pakistan and Nepal.
The ecoregion is home to 276 bird species, none of which are endemic. Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. Large threatened birds include the Lesser Florican (Eupodotis indica) and Indian Bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps). The Lesser Florican ( Sypheotides indica) is a large bird in the Bustard family the only member of the genus Sypheotides. The Great Indian Bustard ( Ardeotis nigriceps) also known as Maldhok (माळ्ढोकis a Bustard found in India and possibly Pakistan
Conservation
According to the World Wildlife Fund, about 30% of the ecoregion is covered in relatively intact vegetation. The ecoregion includes some large blocks of habitat in the Vindhya and Satpura ranges. About 5% of the ecoregion lies within protected areas, including Bandhavgarh, Panna, and Sanjay national parks. Bandhavgarh National Park ( Devanagari: बांधवगढ राष्ट्रीय उद्दान is one of the largest national parks in India Panna National Park is a National park located in the Chhatarpur area of Madhya Pradesh in India. The Sanjay National Park is located in the Madhya Pradesh state of India. This is a list of all national parks of India. India 's first National park (an IUCN category II Protected area) was established in 1935
References
Wikramanayake, Eric; Eric Dinerstein; Colby J. Loucks; et al. (2002). Terrestrial Ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific: a Conservation Assessment. Island Press; Washington, DC. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D
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