Commune of Narbonne
Location
Coordinates	43°11′08″N, 03°00′15″E
Administration
Country	France
Region	Languedoc-Roussillon
Department	Aude (sous-préfecture)
Arrondissement	Narbonne
Canton	Chief town of 3 cantons
Intercommunality	Narbonne
Mayor	Jacques Bascou ( PS ) (2008-2014)
Statistics
Elevation	0–285
Land area¹	172. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. France is divided into 26 regions or régions (in French of which 21 are in continental Metropolitan France, one is the island of Corsica, Languedoc-Roussillon ( Occitan: Lengadòc-Rosselhon; Catalan: Llenguadoc-Rosselló) is one of the 26 regions of France. In the context of the political and geographic organization of France and many of its former colonies a department (département depaʁtǝmɑ̃ is an Administrative division Aude ( Occitan: Aude) is a department in south-central France named after the Aude River. Subprefectures (sous-préfectures are the administrative towns of arrondissements in France that do not contain the prefecture for its department. The 100 French departments are divided into 342 arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts. The arrondissement of Narbonne is an arrondissement of France located in the Aude département, in the Languedoc-Roussillon The cantons of France are territorial subdivisions of the French Republic's 341 arrondissements and 100 departments. The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. 96 km²
Population² (1999)	46,510
- Density	268. As of January 1, 2008, 64473140 people live in the French Republic. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 9/km² (1999)
Miscellaneous
INSEE/Postal code	11262/ 11100
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0. The INSEE code is a numerical indexing code used by the French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE to identify various entities including communes Postal codes were introduced in France in 1972, when La Poste introduced automated sorting. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. An estuary is a semi-enclosed Coastal body of Water with one or more Rivers or Streams flowing into it and with a free connection to the open
2 Population sans doubles comptes: residents of multiple communes (e.g. students and military personnel) only counted once. C D E

Narbonne (Narbona in Catalan and in Occitan, the Roman Narbo) is a commune in southwestern France in the Languedoc-Roussillon région. Catalan ˈkætəˌlæn ( català kətəˈla or) is a Romance language, the national and official language of Andorra, and a co-official Occitan ( IPA BrE: /ˈɒksɪtn/ AmE: /ˈɑksəˌtɑn/ known also as Lenga d'òc or Langue d'oc (native name occitan The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Languedoc-Roussillon ( Occitan: Lengadòc-Rosselhon; Catalan: Llenguadoc-Rosselló) is one of the 26 regions of France. France is divided into 26 regions or régions (in French of which 21 are in continental Metropolitan France, one is the island of Corsica, It lies 849 km from Paris in the Aude département, of which it is a sous-préfecture. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Aude ( Occitan: Aude) is a department in south-central France named after the Aude River. In the context of the political and geographic organization of France and many of its former colonies a department (département depaʁtǝmɑ̃ is an Administrative division Subprefectures (sous-préfectures are the administrative towns of arrondissements in France that do not contain the prefecture for its department. Once a prosperous port, it is now located about 15 km from the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. It is marginally the largest commune in the Aude département, although the préfecture (capital) resides in the slightly smaller commune of Carcassonne. Carcassonne (Carcassona is a fortified French town in the Aude département, of which it is the Prefecture,

Contents 1 Geography 2 History 3 Narbonne in decline 4 Highlights 5 Notable people from Narbonne 6 References 7 External links

Geography

Narbonne is linked to the nearby Canal du Midi and the Aude River by the Canal de la Robine, which runs through the centre of town. The Canal du Midi or Canal des Deux Mers ( Occitan: Canal de las Doas Mars / Canal del Miègjorn) is a 240 km long canal in the south of France The Aude River ( Latin Atax) is a River of southwestern France.

History

Narbonne was established in Gaul in 118 BC, as Colonia Narbo Martius. Saints Justus and Pastor (d ca 304 are venerated as Christian Martyrs According to their Acts, they were two Schoolboys (Justus was 13 years Gaul (Gallia was the Roman name for the region of Western Europe comprising present day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western It was located on the Via Domitia, the first Roman road in Gaul, built at the time of the foundation of the colony, and connecting Italy to Spain. The Via Domitia was the first Roman road built in Gaul, to link Italy and Hispania through Gallia Narbonensis, across what is The Roman Roads were essential for the growth of the Roman Empire, by enabling the Romans to move armies and trade goods and to communicate news Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Geographically, Narbonne was therefore located at a very important crossroads because it was situated where the Via Domitia connected to the Via Aquitania, which led toward the Atlantic across Toulouse and Bordeaux. The Via Aquitania was a Roman road created in 118 BC in the Roman province of Gaul. Toulouse ( pronounced in standard French, and in the local accent ( Occitan: Tolosa, pronounced) is a city in southwest ( Gascon: Bordèu) is a port city in southwest France, with one million inhabitants in its metropolitan area at a 2008 estimate In addition, it was crossed by the Aude River. The Aude River ( Latin Atax) is a River of southwestern France.

Politically, Narbonne gained importance as a competitor to Massalia (Marseille). Marseille, ( English alt Marseilles mɑrˈseɪ — French: maʁsɛj locally — Provençal Occitan: Marselha maʀˈsijɔ Julius Caesar settled veterans from his 10th legion there and attempted to develop its port while Marseille was revolting against Roman control. Legio X Gemina, the twin legion, was one of the four legions used by Julius Caesar in 58 BC, for his invasion of Gaul. Marseille, ( English alt Marseilles mɑrˈseɪ — French: maʁsɛj locally — Provençal Occitan: Marselha maʀˈsijɔ

Later, the provincia of southern Gaul was named "Gallia Narbonensis", after the city, and Narbonne was made its capital. In Ancient Rome, a province (Latin provincia, pl provinciae) was the basic and until the Tetrarchy (circa Gallia Narbonensis ( Narbonese Gaul) was a Roman province located in what is now Languedoc and Provence, in southern France. Seat of a powerful administration, the city enjoyed economic and architectural expansion.

It was subsequently the capital of the Visigothic province of Septimania. The Visigoths (Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, or Wisi were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East Septimania was the western region of the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis that passed under the control of the Visigoths in 462 when Septimania was ceded to It was part of the Emirate of Cordoba until conquered by the Franks after which it became part of the Carolingian Viscounty of Narbonne. The Caliphate of Córdoba (Arabic خلافة قرطبة ruled the Iberian peninsula ( Al-Andalus) and North Africa from the city of The Carolingian dynasty (known variously as the Carlovingians, Carolings, or Karlings) was a Frankish noble family with its origins in the The Viscount of Narbonne was the secular ruler of Narbonne in the Middle Ages. In the 12th century, the court of Ermengarde of Narbonne (reigned 1134 to 1192) presided over one of the cultural centers where the spirit of courtly love was developed. Ermengarde ( Occitan: Ermengarda, Ainermada, or Ainemarda) (1127 or 1129 – 1196 or 1197 was viscountess of Narbonne from 1134 to Courtly love was a Medieval European conception of ennobling love which found its genesis in the ducal and princely courts of Aquitaine, Provence

In the 11th and 12th centuries, Narbonne was home to an important Jewish exegetical school, which played a pivotal role in the growth and development of the Zarphatic (Judæo-French) and Shuadit (Judæo-Provençal) languages. Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut Exegesis (from the Greek 'to lead out' involves an extensive and critical interpretation of an authoritative text, especially of a Holy Zarphatic or Judæo-French (Zarphatic Tsarfatit) is an extinct Jewish language, formerly spoken among the Jewish communities Shuadit, also spelled Chouhadite, Chouhadit, Chouadite, Chouadit, and Shuhadit is the extinct Jewish language of southern Jews had settled in Narbonne from about the 5th century, with a community that had risen to approximately 2000 in the 12th century. At this time, Narbonne was frequently mentioned in Talmudic works in connection with its scholars. One source, Abraham ibn Daud of Toledo, gives them an importance similar to the exilarchs of Babylon^[1] In the 12th and 13th centuries, the community went through a series of ups and downs before settling into extended decline.

Narbonne in decline

Narbonne itself fell into slow decline in the 14th century, for a variety of reasons. The decline was due to a change in the course of the Aude River causing increasing silting of the navigational access. The Aude River ( Latin Atax) is a River of southwestern France. The Aude river had a long history of overflowing its banks. When it was a port the distance from the coast was around 20 to 30 kilometres - but the access to the sea was deep enough. Over time as the Aude river fluctuated in flow, direction and sediment, and as the Mediterranean sea level slowly rose the 'sea port' aspect of Narbonne declined due to relentless silting, and could thus no longer serve directly as a port.

From the 16th century, anxious to maintain a link to important trade, the people of Narbonne began costly work to the vestiges of the Aude River's access to the sea so that it would remain navigable to a limited draft of vessel and also a link with the Royal Canal. The Aude River ( Latin Atax) is a River of southwestern France. The major undertaking of works finished with the construction of the Canal de la Robine, which was finally linked with the Canal du Midi (then the Royal Canal) in 1787. The Canal du Midi or Canal des Deux Mers ( Occitan: Canal de las Doas Mars / Canal del Miègjorn) is a 240 km long canal in the south of France In the 19th century, the canal system in the south of France came into competition with an expanding rail network but kept some importance due to the flourishing wine trade.

Hence, despite its decline from Roman times, Narbonne managed to hold on to a more limited importance as a trading route, particularly through the more recent centuries.

Highlights

• Saint-Just cathedral dating from 1272
• The "Palais des Archevêques", the Archbishop's Palace, and its donjon with views over Narbonne
• Musee Archeologique - an archaeological museum in the town centre
• The Roman Horreum, a former grain warehouse, built underground as a cryptoporticus
• Remains of the Via Domitia in the city center
• The canal, "Canal de la Robine", running through the centre of the town
• The Halles de Narbonne covered market operates every day. This article is about the history and organisation of the cathedral In Ancient Roman Architecture a cryptoporticus (from Latin Crypta ' and porticus) is a covered corridor or passageway The Via Domitia was the first Roman road built in Gaul, to link Italy and Hispania through Gallia Narbonensis, across what is The busiest times are Sunday and Thursday mornings.
• The nearby limestone massif known as "La Clape" and the beach at Narbonne plage
• Narbonne's union team, Racing Club de Narbonne Méditerannée

Notable people from Narbonne

• Charles Trenet
• Léon Blum
• Saint Sébastien
• Dimitri Szarzewski

References

• Michel Gayraud, Narbonne antique des origines à la fin du IIIe siècle. Paris: De Boccard, Revue archéologique de Narbonnaise, Supplément 8, 1981, 591 p.
• Histoire de Narbonne, Jacques Michaud and André Cabanis, eds, Toulouse: Privat, 2004.
• L’Aude de la préhistoire à nos jours (under the direction of Jacques Crémadeilis), Saint-Jean-d’Angély, 1989.
• Les Audois : dictionnaire biographique, Rémy Cazals et Daniel Fabre, eds. , Carcassonne, Association des Amis des Archives de l’Aude, Société d’Études Scientifiques de l’Aude, 1990.

External links

• Official website (French)
• Le Petit Narbonnais (French)
• Photos of Narbonne (French)
• Photographs of Narbonne and the Region
• 50 Photos of Narbonne
• Photos and videos of Narbonne

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