Part of a series on Hell / Underworld

Religions: Ancient Greek view Norse view Buddhist view Chinese view Christian view Hindu view Islamic view Judaic view Words: Diyu Duat Gehenna Hades Hel Jahannam Limbo Naraka Purgatory Sheol Tartarus Yomi Related: Devil Fire and brimstone Harrowing of Hell Problem of Hell Outer darkness Satan This box: view • talk • edit

Naraka is the Sanskrit word for the underworld; literally, of man. Hell, according to many Religious beliefs, is a location in the Afterlife, which may be described as a place of suffering In the study of Mythology and Religion, the underworld (gr κάτω κόσμος) is a generic term approximately equivalent to the lay term Afterlife Hades (from Greek, Hadēs, originally, Haidēs or, Aidēs, probably from Indo-European *n̥-wid- 'unseen' refers both to the ancient Niflheimr or Niflheim (" Mist Home" the "Abode of Mist" or "Mist World" Nifl being cognate with the Old English Naraka नरक ( Sanskrit) or Niraya निरय ( Pāli) ( Ch 那落迦 (variant 捺落迦 Nàlùojiā or 地獄 Dì Diyu ( literally "earth prison" is the realm of the dead or " Hell " in Chinese mythology. Jahannam (جهنم(in Turkish: cehennem in Bosnian: džehennem is the Islamic equivalent to Gei Hinnom, or Hell. for the Polish film see Gehenna (film See also Jewish eschatology Gehennam (or gehenom or gehinom (גהינום is Diyu ( literally "earth prison" is the realm of the dead or " Hell " in Chinese mythology. In Egyptian mythology, Duat (or Tuat (also called Akert, Amenthes, or Neter-khertet) is the Underworld. for the Polish film see Gehenna (film See also Jewish eschatology Gehennam (or gehenom or gehinom (גהינום is Hades (from Greek, Hadēs, originally, Haidēs or, Aidēs, probably from Indo-European *n̥-wid- 'unseen' refers both to the ancient See also Death in Norse paganism In Norse mythology, Hel, the location shares a name with Hel, a female figure associated with the location Jahannam (جهنم(in Turkish: cehennem in Bosnian: džehennem is the Islamic equivalent to Gei Hinnom, or Hell. See also Intermediate state Purgatory|Heaven|Sheol|Hades in Christianity|Hell in Christianity In Roman Catholic theology Limbo (Latin limbus See also Intermediate state Limbo|Heaven|Sheol|Hades in Christianity|Hell in Christianity Purgatory, in the original sense is the condition or process of purification Sheol (pronounced "Sheh-ole" in Hebrew שאול (Sh'ol is the "abode of the dead" the " Underworld " "the common In classic Greek mythology below Heaven, Earth, and Pontus is Tartarus, or Tartaros ( Greek Τάρταρος deep place Yomi (黄泉 the Japanese word for the underworld in which horrible creatures guard the exits according to Shinto mythology as related in Kojiki The Devil is the The Harrowing of Hell is a doctrine in Christian theology referenced in the Apostles' Creed and the Athanasian Creed (Quicumque vult, which states that The problem of hell is an argument against the existence of God. In Christianity, the outer darkness is a place referred to three times in the Gospel of Matthew (812 2213 and 2530 into which a person may be "cast out" Satan, ( Standard Hebrew Satan'el, English accuser) is a term that originates from the Abrahamic faiths, being traditionally Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical In the study of Mythology and Religion, the underworld (gr κάτω κόσμος) is a generic term approximately equivalent to the lay term Afterlife According to Hinduism and Buddhism, Naraka is a place of torment, or Hell. Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Hell, according to many Religious beliefs, is a location in the Afterlife, which may be described as a place of suffering

Hinduism

Naraka or Neraka in Hinduism, is compared to the Abrahamic concept of Hell. Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. Hell, according to many Religious beliefs, is a location in the Afterlife, which may be described as a place of suffering It is mentioned especially in dharmaśāstras, itihāsas and Purāṇas but also in Vedic samhitas^[1][2], Aranyakas^[3] and Upaniṣads. Dharmaśāstra is a genre of Sanskrit texts and refers to the śāstra, or Indic branch of learning pertaining to Hindu Dharma, religious Indian epic poetry is the Epic poetry written in the Indian subcontinent. For other meanings see Purana (disambiguation. The Puranas ( Sanskrit: sa पुराण purāṇa, "of ancient times" "Veda" redirects here For other uses see Veda (disambiguation. The Aranyakas (Sanskrit आरण्यक āraṇyaka) are part of the Hindu śruti, the four Vedas these religious texts were composed in The Upanishads ( Devanagari: उपनिषद् IAST: upaniṣad also spelled "Upanisad" are Hindu scriptures that constitute the core teachings ^[4][5][6][7] Some Upanisads speak of 'darkness' instead of hell. ^[8] A summary of Upaniṣads, Bhagavad Gita, mentions hell several times. ^[9] Even Adi Sankara mentions it in his commentary on Vedanta sutra 4. Adi Shankara ( Malayalam: ആദി ശങ്കരന്‍ Devanāgarī: आदि शङ्कर Ādi Śaṅkara, aːd̪i ɕaŋkərə (see below The Brahma sūtras, also known as Vedānta Sūtras, constitute the Nyāya prasthāna, the logical starting point of the Vedānta philosophy (Nyāya 3. 14. Still, some people like members of Arya Samaj don't accept its existence or consider it metaphorical. Arya Samaj ( Sanskrit ārya samāja sa आर्य समाज " Noble Society" is a Hindu reform movement founded in India

In Puranas like Bhagavata Purana, Garuda Purana and Visnu Purana there are elaborate descriptions of many hells. The Bhagavata Purana (also known as Śrīmad Bhāgavatam, or simply Bhāgavatam) is one of the Puranic texts of Hindu literature Garuda Purana is one of the Puranas which are part of the Hindu body of texts known as Smriti. They are situated above Garbhodaka ocean. ^[10]

Yama, Lord of Justice, puts human beings after death for appropriate punishment, for example, in boiling oil. This article is about the deity Yama in Hinduism For yama in the sense of a code of conduct see Yamas. Human beings, humans or man (Origin 1590–1600 L homō man OL hemō the earthly one (see Humus Death is the termination of the biological functions that define living Organisms It refers both to a specific Even Mukti-yogyas (souls eligible for mukti or moksha, liberation), and Nitya-samsarins (forever transmigrating ones in Dvaita theology) can experience Naraka for expiation. In Dvaita theology Mukti-yogyas is a class of souls classified by Shri Madhvacharya as eligible for Mukti or Moksha. In Dvaita Theology, Nitya-samsarins, as classified by Shri Madhvacharya, are Souls which are Eternally transmigrating. Dvaita ( Kannada: ದ್ವೈತ Devanagari:द्बैत is a dualist school of Vedanta Hindu philosophy. The atonement is a doctrine found within both Christianity and Judaism. ^[11] After the period of punishment is complete, they are reborn on earth^[12] in human or animal bodies. ^[13] Therefore neither naraka nor svarga^[14] are permanent abodes. In Hinduism, ( Sanskrit: स्वर्ग Svarga (or Swarga) is set of heavenly worlds located on and above Mt

At the time of death, sinful souls are vulnerable for capture by Yamadutas, servants of Yama (who comes personally only in special cases). Sin is a term used mainly in a religious context to describe an act that violates a moral Rule, or the state of having committed such a violation Yama ordered his servants to leave Vaishnavas alone. Vaishnavism is a tradition of Hinduism, distinguished from other schools by its worship of Vishnu or its associated avatars principally as Rama and ^[15][16] The attributes of Vaishnavas are urdhva pundra tilaka (Tiruman and Sri Choornam for Sri Vaishnavas or Gopi Chandan for Gaudiya Vaishnavas), tapa samskara (shoulders branded with Sankha and Chakra), and tulasi mala (necklace/garland of tulasi beads). Tilak redirects here For the Indian nationalist leader see Bal Gangadhar Tilak. Gaudiya Vaishnavism (also known as Chaitanya Vaishnavism) is a Vaishnava religious movement founded by Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (1486-1534 in India Ocimum tenuiflorum (also known as Ocimum sanctum, Tulsi, Tulasī (तुलसी‌ in Sanskrit and Hindi, ( Sri Vaishnavas are taken by Vishnudutas to Vaikuntha and Gaudiya Vaishnavas to Goloka. Vaikunta (Sanskrit वैकुण्ठम् or Paramapadham is the abode of Lord Vishnu. Goloka is the eternal abode of Krishna, Svayam bhagavan according to some Vaishnava schools including Gaudiya Vaishnavism and the Swaminarayan

In Buddhism

Main article: Naraka (Buddhism)

Buddhist texts describe the terrible sufferings of beings in the many subterranean layers of Narakas in intricate if not always consistent detail. Naraka नरक ( Sanskrit) or Niraya निरय ( Pāli) ( Ch 那落迦 (variant 捺落迦 Nàlùojiā or 地獄 Dì However, Naraka in Buddhism is not equivalent to Hell in Christian faith. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth Naraka is a purgatory where the soul gets purified of sin by sufferings, so Naraka and Purgatory are equivalent to Hamistagan of Zoroastrianism, and not Hell. See also Intermediate state Limbo|Heaven|Sheol|Hades in Christianity|Hell in Christianity Purgatory, in the original sense is the condition or process of purification See also Zoroastrian eschatology As described in the 9th century Zoroastrian text Dadestan-i Denig ("Religious Decisions" hamistagan Hell is also a state of consciousness and this suffering need not take place after death, when the soul has vacated the physical body, but during incarnation. This can be related to the law of karma where one's inner and outer actions will sooner or later bear their fruits. Karma ( Sanskrit: कर्म, kárman - "act action performance" Pali: kamma) is the concept of "action"

Notes

1. ^ Śukla Yajur Veda 30. 5
2. ^ Atharva Veda 12. 4. 36
3. ^ Aitareya Āraṇyaka 2. 3. 2. 4,5
4. ^ Mahanārāyaṇa Upaniṣad 1. 50
5. ^ Praśna Upaniṣad 3
6. ^ Nirālamba Upaniṣad 2, 17
7. ^ Paramahaṃsa Upaniṣad 3
8. ^ asuryā nāma te lokā andhena tamasāvṛtāḥ - Īśa Upaniṣad 3
9. ^ 1. 41, 1. 43, 16. 16, 16. 21
10. ^ Bhāgavata Purāṇa 5. 26. 5
11. ^ Bhakti Schools of Vedanta, by Swami Tapasyananda
12. ^ Bhāgavata Purāṇa 5. 26. 37
13. ^ Garuḍa Purāṇa 2. 10. 88-89, 2. 46. 9-10,28
14. ^ Bhagavad gītā 9. 21
15. ^ Bhāgavata Purāṇa 6. 3
16. ^ Nṛsiṃha Purāṇa 9. 1-2

See also

• Patala
• Hell
• Underworld
• Yama

External links

• Definition at godrealized.com