Napa Valley AVA (Wine Region)
Napa Valley is most famous for its wine. Wine is an Alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of Grape juice
Appellation type	American Viticultural Area
Year established	1981[1]
Country	USA
Part of	California, Napa County, North Coast AVA
Sub-regions	Atlas Peak AVA, Chiles Valley AVA, Diamond Mountain District AVA, Howell Mountain AVA, Los Carneros AVA, Mt. Veeder AVA, Oak Knoll District of Napa Valley AVA, Oakville AVA, Rutherford AVA, Spring Mountain District AVA, St. Helena AVA, Stags Leap District AVA, Wild Horse Valley AVA, Yountville AVA
Size of planted vineyards	43,000 acres (174 km²)[2]
Varietals produced	Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Pinot Noir, Zinfandel, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, and more
No. An American Viticultural Area is a designated Wine Grape -growing region in the United States distinguishable by geographic features with boundaries The United States of America —commonly referred to as the California wine is Wine made in the US state of California. Nearly three-quarters the size of France, California accounts for nearly 90 Napa County wine is Wine made in Napa County, California, USA. The North Coast AVA is an American Viticultural Area in the state of California that encompasses grape-growing regions in six Counties located north The Atlas Peak AVA is an American Viticultural Area located within Napa Valley AVA just northeast of the city of Napa. The Chiles Valley AVA is an American Viticultural Area located within Napa Valley AVA. The Diamond Mountain District AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in California 's Mayacamas Mountains in the northeast portion of the The Howell Mountain AVA is an American Viticultural Area located within Napa Valley AVA. Los Carneros AVA (also known as Carneros AVA) is an American Viticultural Area which includes parts of both Sonoma and Napa counties in The Mt Veeder AVA is an American Viticultural Area located within Napa Valley AVA among the Mayacamas Mountains. The Oak Knoll District of Napa Valley AVA is an American Viticultural Area located within Napa Valley AVA at the southern end of valley floor The Oakville AVA is an American Viticultural Area located within Napa Valley AVA and centered around the town of Oakville California. The Rutherford AVA is an American Viticultural Area located within Napa Valley AVA and centered around the town of Rutherford, California The Spring Mountain District AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in the Napa Valley AVA in California. The St Helena AVA (or Saint Helena AVA) is an American Viticultural Area located within Napa Valley, centered around the town of St The Stags Leap District AVA is an American Viticultural Area located within the Napa Valley AVA north of the city of Napa, California. The Wild Horse Valley AVA is an American Viticultural Area whose borders overlap both Napa County and Solano County, California and is partially The Yountville AVA is an American Viticultural Area located within Napa Valley AVA and centered around the town Yountville, California. Cabernet Sauvignon is one of the world's most widely recognized red Wine grape varieties. Merlot ('MERL-oh' in British English mer-LOH in American English and standard French is a red Wine Grape that is used as both a blending grape and for Cabernet Franc is one of the major varieties of red Wine Grape in Bordeaux Pinot noir ('pino nwar is a red Wine Grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. Zinfandel is a variety of red Grape planted in over 10 percent of California wine vineyards Chardonnay is a green-skinned Grape variety used to make white Wine. Sauvignon blanc is a green-skinned Grape variety which originates from the Bordeaux region of France. of wineries	Over 300
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Napa Valley AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in Napa County, California, USA. An American Viticultural Area is a designated Wine Grape -growing region in the United States distinguishable by geographic features with boundaries Napa County is a County located north of the San Francisco Bay Area in the U California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Napa Valley is widely considered one of the top wine regions in California, and all of the United States, with a history dating back to the nineteenth century. Wine is an Alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of Grape juice The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar The combination of Mediterranean climate, geography and geology of the valley are conducive to growing quality wine grapes. A Mediterranean climate is one that resembles the Climate of the lands in the Mediterranean Basin, which includes over half of the area with this climate type world-wide Geography (from Greek γεωγραφία - geografia) is the study of the Earth and its lands features inhabitants and phenomena Geology (from Greek γη gê, "earth" and λόγος Logos, "speech" lit John Patchett established the valley's first commercial vineyard in 1858. Year 1858 ( MDCCCLVIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common In 1861 Charles Krug established Napa Valley's first commercial winery in St. Helena. St Helena (pronounced saint he-LEE-na is a city in Napa County, California, United States. Viticulture in Napa suffered several setbacks in the late 1800s and early 1900s, including an outbreak of the vine disease phylloxera, the legal institution of Prohibition, and the Great Depression. This article is about the grape phylloxera For the Genus, see Phylloxera (genus. In the United States, the term Prohibition refers to the period from 1920 to 1933 during which the sale manufacture and transportation of alcohol for consumption The wine industry in Napa Valley recovered, and helped by the results of the Paris Wine Tasting of 1976, came to be seen as capable of producing world-class wine. The Paris Wine Tasting of 1976 or the Judgment of Paris was a Wine competition organized in Paris on 24 May 1976 by Steven Spurrier, a British Almost 4. 7 million people visit Napa Valley each year, making it the second most popular tourist destination in California, second only to Disneyland. Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel

Contents 1 Geography 2 Climate 3 History 3.1 Early years 3.2 Phylloxera, Prohibition and The Great Depression 3.3 Modern era 3.4 Napa Valley as a world class wine region 4 Wine tourism 5 American Viticultural Areas (AVAs) of Napa Valley 6 References 7 See also 8 External links

Geography

The combination of Mediterranean climate, geography and geology of the valley are conducive to growing quality wine grapes. A Mediterranean climate is one that resembles the Climate of the lands in the Mediterranean Basin, which includes over half of the area with this climate type world-wide Geography (from Greek γεωγραφία - geografia) is the study of the Earth and its lands features inhabitants and phenomena Geology (from Greek γη gê, "earth" and λόγος Logos, "speech" lit The valley floor is flanked by the Mayacamas Mountain Range on the western and northern sides while the Vaca Mountain Range is on the eastern side. The Mayacmas Mountains (often called the Mayacamas Mountains) are located in northwestern California in the United States. Several smaller valleys also exist within these two ranges. The floor of the main valley gradually rises from sea level at the southern end to 362 feet (110 m) above sea level at the northern end in Calistoga at the foot of Mount Saint Helena. Calistoga is a city in Napa County, California, United States. For the volcano in the state of Washington see " Mount St The Oakville and Rutherford American Viticultural Areas (AVAs) lie within a geographical area known as the Rutherford Bench in the center of the valley floor. Oakville is an Unincorporated community in Napa County, California, United States. Rutherford is an Unincorporated community in Napa County, California, United States. An American Viticultural Area is a designated Wine Grape -growing region in the United States distinguishable by geographic features with boundaries The soil in the southern end of the valley consists mainly of sediments deposited by earlier advances and retreats of San Pablo Bay while the soil at the northern end of the valley contains a large volume of volcanic lava and ash. Plate tectonics and hotspots Divergent plate boundaries At the Several of the small hills that emerge from the middle of the valley floor near Yountville are indicators of the region's volcanic past. Yountville is an incorporated town in Napa County, California, United States.

Climate

Several microclimates exist within the area due to various weather and geographical influences. A microclimate is a local atmospheric zone where the Climate differs from the surrounding area The weather is a set of all the phenomena occurring in a given Atmosphere at a given Time. The open southern end of the valley floor is cooler during the growing season due to the proximity of San Pablo Bay while the sheltered, closed northern end is often much warmer. San Pablo Bay is a shallow tidal Estuary that forms the northern extension The eastern side of the valley tends to be more arid because winter storms tend to drop much more precipitation on the western mountains and hills. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric

History

Early years

Early pioneer George C. Yount planted the first wine grapes in Napa Valley. In 1864 Yount's son-in-law Thomas Rutherford and his new bride Elizabeth received 1,040 acres (4 km²) of land in the area now known as Rutherford as a wedding present from Elizabeth's father. Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Rutherford made a serious investment in grape production and winemaking from 1850 to 1880, and established himself as a grower and producer of high-quality wines. For the game see 1850 (board game. 1850 ( MDCCCL) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link Year 1880 ( MDCCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year

John Patchett established the valley's first commercial vineyard in 1858. Year 1858 ( MDCCCLVIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common In 1861 Charles Krug established Napa Valley's first commercial winery in St. Helena. St Helena (pronounced saint he-LEE-na is a city in Napa County, California, United States. Captain Gustave Niebaum established Inglenook Winery in 1879 near the village of Rutherford. Born in Oulu, Finland, Gustave Niebaum - originally Nybom - (1842-1908 acquired his maritime schooling in Helsinki, Finland. The Inglenook Winery produced estate bottled wines in Rutherford California in the Napa Valley. Year 1879 ( MDCCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common This was the first Bordeaux style winery in the USA. ( Gascon: Bordèu) is a port city in southwest France, with one million inhabitants in its metropolitan area at a 2008 estimate Inglenook wínes won gold medals at the 1889 World's Fair in Paris. The Exposition Universelle of 1889 was a World's Fair held in Paris, France from May 6, to October 31, 1889.

In 1868 H. Year 1868 ( MDCCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap W. Crabb bought land near Oakville close to the Napa River. The Napa River, approximately 55 miles (89 km long is a River in the U Crabb established a vineyard and winery named To Kalon, and by 1877 had planted 130 acres (0. Year 1877 ( MDCCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common 5 km²) and was producing 50,000 US gallons of wine per year. Crabb experimented with over 400 grape varieties in a quest to find the types best suited for the area.

By the end of the nineteenth century there were more than one hundred and forty wineries in the area. A winery is a building or property that produces Wine, or a business involved in the production of wine such as a wine company. Of those original wineries, several still exist in the valley today including Beaulieu, Beringer, Charles Krug, Chateau Montelena, Far Niente, Mayacamas, Markham Vineyards, and Schramsberg. Beaulieu Vineyard is a Vineyard near Rutherford, California, belonging to the appellation Rutherford AVA. Chateau Montelena is a Napa Valley Winery most famous for winning the white wine section of the historic "Judgement of Paris" Wine competition Mayacamas Vineyards is a located northwest of Napa California on Mount Veeder in the Mayacamas Mountains between the Napa and Sonoma Valleys Markham Vineyards is a winery in Napa Valley, California. They produces wines made from Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Chardonnay, and

Phylloxera, Prohibition and The Great Depression

Viticulture in Napa suffered several setbacks in the late 1800s and early 1900s. The Phylloxera root louse killed many of the vines throughout the valley. This article is about the grape phylloxera For the Genus, see Phylloxera (genus. For the Tokyo University supercomputer see Gravity Pipe. GRAPE, or GRA phics P rogramming E nvironment is Prohibition was enacted across the country in 1920 and many wineries were shut down. In the United States, the term Prohibition refers to the period from 1920 to 1933 during which the sale manufacture and transportation of alcohol for consumption A few remained open with agreements to produce sacramental wine. Sacramental wine or Altar wine is Wine prepared for use in Christian Liturgy as part of the celebration of the Eucharist or the Growers who elected to keep their vines planted sold their crops to home winemakers. The Great Depression slowed the wine business further. These events stalled the growth of the wine industry in Napa County, California for years. Napa County is a County located north of the San Francisco Bay Area in the U

Modern era

André Tchelistcheff is generally credited with ushering in the modern era of winemaking in California. André Tchelistcheff (Russian Андрей Челищев December 7, 1901 - April 5, 1994) was America's most influential post- Prohibition Beaulieu hired Tchelisticheff in 1938. Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He introduced several new techniques and procedures to the region, such as aging wine in small French Oak barrels, cold fermentation, vineyard frost prevention, and malolactic fermentation. The use of Oak in Wine plays a significant role in Winemaking and can have a profound effect on the resulting wine impacting the color flavor Malolactic fermentation (or sometimes malolactic conversion) is a process of a change used in Winemaking where tart-tasting Malic acid, naturally present

Brother Timothy; a member of the Christian Brothers was also very instrumental in the creation of the modern wine industry in Napa. The Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools (also known as the Christian Brothers, the Lasallian Brothers, the French Christian Brothers After an earlier career as a teacher, he transferred to the order's Mont La Salle located on Mount Veeder in the Mayacamas Mountains east of Napa in 1935 to become the wine chemist for the order's expanding wine operations. The Christian Brothers had grown grapes and made sacramental wine in Benicia, California during Prohibition, but decided to branch out into commercial production of wine and brandy after the repeal of Prohibition. Sacramental wine or Altar wine is Wine prepared for use in Christian Liturgy as part of the celebration of the Eucharist or the Benicia is a waterside city in Solano County, California, United States. The science teacher was a fast learner and soon established Christian Brothers as one of the leading brands in the state's budding wine industry; Brother Timothy's smiling face in advertisements and promotional materials became one of the most familiar images for wine consumers across the country. Following the Second World War, the wine industry in Napa began to thrive again. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

In 1965, Napa Valley icon Robert Mondavi broke away from his family's Charles Krug estate to found his own winemaking operation in Oakville. Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. Robert Gerald Mondavi ( June 18, 1913 – May 16, 2008) was a leading American Vineyard operator whose technical improvements Oakville is an Unincorporated community in Napa County, California, United States. It was the first new large scale winery to be established in the valley since before prohibition and included the original To Kalon land. Following the establishment of the Mondavi estate, the number of wineries in the valley grew rapidly, as did the region's reputation.

Napa Valley as a world class wine region

In 1976, the region got a boost from the Paris Wine Tasting of 1976, which featured a Napa Valley Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon besting several famous French labels in a blind tasting format. Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Paris Wine Tasting of 1976 or the Judgment of Paris was a Wine competition organized in Paris on 24 May 1976 by Steven Spurrier, a British Chardonnay is a green-skinned Grape variety used to make white Wine. Cabernet Sauvignon is one of the world's most widely recognized red Wine grape varieties. The results of this tasting cemented the region's reputation of its ability to produce world class wines.

A modern outbreak of phylloxera was discovered in the valley in 1983 in a vineyard planted with AxR1 rootstock. Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) A rootstock is a Plant, and sometimes just the Stump, which already has an established healthy root system, used for Grafting a cutting or Many growers seized upon this outbreak and used it as an opportunity to switch to varieties that were better suited to the climate and soil. By the late 1990s nearly 75% of the affected vineyards had been replanted with phylloxera resistant rootstock. The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999 The growers in the region are currently channeling their energy to battle the Glassy-winged sharpshooter, a non-native pest that carries Pierce's Disease. The glassy-winged sharpshooter ( Homalodisca vitripennis, formerly known as H Xylella fastidiosa (also known as Pierce's disease) is a Gamma Proteobacteria that is an important plant pathogen causing several plant diseases including

Today Napa Valley features more than 340 wineries that grow many grape varieties including Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Merlot, Zinfandel, and other popular varietals. Cabernet Sauvignon is one of the world's most widely recognized red Wine grape varieties. Chardonnay is a green-skinned Grape variety used to make white Wine. Pinot noir ('pino nwar is a red Wine Grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. Merlot ('MERL-oh' in British English mer-LOH in American English and standard French is a red Wine Grape that is used as both a blending grape and for Zinfandel is a variety of red Grape planted in over 10 percent of California wine vineyards While some winemakers produce wines from specific AVAs within the valley, the majority choose to blend or cuvée their wines using a mixture of wine from grapes grown on the valley floor and the surrounding hillsides. Cuvée (or Cuvee on some English language labels is a French Wine term derived from cuve, meaning Vat or Tank.

Wine tourism

Visitors to Napa Valley total 4. 7 million person trips a year, a person trip being one person staying for one night, making it the second most popular tourist destination in California, second only to Disneyland. Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel

American Viticultural Areas (AVAs) of Napa Valley

• Atlas Peak AVA
• Chiles Valley AVA
• Diamond Mountain District AVA
• Howell Mountain AVA
• Los Carneros AVA
• Mt. Veeder AVA
• Oak Knoll District of Napa Valley AVA
• Oakville AVA
• Rutherford AVA
• Spring Mountain District AVA
• St. Helena AVA
• Stags Leap District AVA
• Wild Horse Valley AVA
• Yountville AVA

References

See also

• COPIA
• California wine
• Napa Valley Wine Train
• Geography of California
• Coast Ranges (California)

External links

• The Napa Wine Project
• Napa Valley Travel Guide
• Napa Valley Wineries
• Napa Valley Vintners Association
• Rutherford Dust Society Historical Information
• COPIA

COPIA The American Center for Wine Food and the Arts is a cultural Museum and education center dedicated to the discovery understanding and celebration of Wine California wine is Wine made in the US state of California. Nearly three-quarters the size of France, California accounts for nearly 90 The Napa Valley Wine Train is operated by the Napa Valley Railroad. The geography of California is rich and diverse There are alpine mountains foggy coastlines hot deserts and a fertile central valley The Coast Ranges of California constitute one of the eleven traditional geomorphic provinces of California.

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