| Nánjīng Shì 南京市 |
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| Country | People's Republic of China |
| County-level divisions | 13 |
| Township divisions | 129 |
| Settled | 495 BC |
| Government | |
| - CPC Nanjing | Zhu Shanlu Committee Secretary |
| - Mayor | Jiang Hongkun |
| Area (ranked 29th) | |
| - Total | 6,596 km² (2,546. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES See also Administrative divisions of the Republic of China Due to China 's large Population and area the political divisions of China have consisted See also Administrative divisions of the Republic of China Due to China 's large Population and area the political divisions of China have consisted The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. This is a list of the first-level administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China (PRC including all provinces autonomous regions special administrative Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 7 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 15 m (50 ft) |
| Population (2000) | |
| - Total | 6,126,165 |
| - Density | 928. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 8/km² (2,405. 6/sq mi) |
| Time zone | China Standard Time (UTC+8) |
| Postal code | 210000 - 211300 |
| Area code(s) | 25 |
| License plate prefixes | 苏A |
| GDP (2007) | ¥327. China standard time or Beijing time is the Time zone observed in the People's Republic of China ( PRC) UTC+8 is a band of Timezones separated from the Greenwich Mean Time by 8 hours A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks The People's Republic of China issues vehicles Licence plates at its Vehicle Management Offices under the administration of the Ministry of Public Security 5 billion |
| - per capita | ¥44,852 |
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Deodar Cedar (Cedrus deodara) Méi (Prunus mume) |
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| Website: City of Nanjing | |
Nanjing (Chinese: 南京; Romanizations: Nánjīng (Pinyin), Nan-ching (Wade-Giles), Nanking (Postal map spelling)) is the capital of China's Jiangsu Province, and a city with a prominent place in Chinese history and culture. Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head with Per meaning 'through' or 'by' ¥￥ A tree is a perennial Woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or Cedrus deodara (Deodar Cedar Himalayan Cedar or Deodar Hindi, Sanskrit: देवदार devadāru; Chinese: 雪松 A flower, also known as a bloom or Blossom, is the reproductive structure found in Flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also In Linguistics, romanization (or latinization, also spelled romanisation or latinisation) is the representation of a Word or Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Wade-Giles (ˌweɪdˈʤaɪlz) sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization system (phonetic notation and Transcription) for the Mandarin Chinese Postal Map Romanization ( Traditional Chinese: 郵政式拼音 Simplified Chinese: 邮政式拼音 Pinyin: Yóuzhèngshì Pīnyīn refers to the China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National ( Postal map spelling: Kiangsu) is a province of the People's Republic of China, located along the east coast of the country A province, in the context of China, is a translation of sheng ( which is an administrative division Chinese civilization originated in various city-states along the Yellow River ( valley in the Neolithic era The Culture of China (traditional Chinese 中國文化 simplified Chinese 中国文化 is home to one of the world's oldest and most complex Civilizations covering a history Nanjing (literally: 'Southern capital') served as the capital of China during several historical periods, including as the former capital city of Republic of China, and is listed as one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China. REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES The Chinese phrase Four Great Ancient Capitals of China ( traditionally refers to Beijing, Nanjing, Luoyang, and Chang'an ( Xi'an Nanjing is also one of the fifteen sub-provincial cities in the People's Republic of China's administrative structure, enjoying jurisdictional and economic autonomy only slightly less than that of a province. A sub-provincial city ( Chinese: 副省级城市 (or deputy-provincial city in the People's Republic of China, is a Prefecture-level city Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES See also Administrative divisions of the Republic of China Due to China 's large Population and area the political divisions of China have consisted A province, in the context of China, is a translation of sheng ( which is an administrative division
Located in the lower Yangtze River drainage basin and Yangtze River Delta economic zone, Nanjing has always been one of China's most important cities. The Yangtze River Delta or Yangtze Delta, also called Chang Jiang Delta, or the Golden Triangle of the Yangtze ( Hanyu Pinyin:) generally Apart from having been the capital of China for six dynasties and of the Republic of China, Nanjing has also served as a national hub of education, research, transportation and tourism throughout history. REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES With an urban population of over five million, it is also the second largest commercial center in the East China region, after Shanghai. Shanghai ( 上[[wikt 海|海]] is the largest city in China in terms of population and one of the largest urban areas in the world with over 20 million
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Geography and climate
Nanjing, with a total land area of 6,598 square kilometers (2,547. 5 sq mi), is situated in one of the largest economic zones of China, the Yangtze River Delta, which is part of the downstream Yangtze River drainage basin. A drainage basin is an extent of Land where Water from Rain or Snow melt drains downhill into a body of water such as a River, The Yangtze River flows past the west side of Nanjing City, while the Ningzheng Ridge surrounds the north, east and south side of the city. The city is 300 kilometers (186 mi) west of Shanghai, 1,200 kilometers (746 mi) south of Beijing, and 1,400 kilometers (870 mi) east of Chongqing. Shanghai ( 上[[wikt 海|海]] is the largest city in China in terms of population and one of the largest urban areas in the world with over 20 million Chongqing ( Postal map spelling: Chungking; Wade-Giles: Ch'ung-ch'ing) is the largest and most populous of the People's Republic of China
Nanjing has a humid subtropical climate and is under the influence of the East Asia Monsoon. Humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cfa or Cwa) is a climate zone characterized by hot humid summers and chilly to mild winters A monsoon is a seasonal prevailing wind which lasts for several months Seasons are distinct in Nanjing, with usually hot summers and plenty of rainfall throughout the year. Along with Wuhan and Chongqing, Nanjing is often referred to as one of the "Three Furnacelike Cities" along the Yangtze River for the perennially high temperature in summer. The average temperature during the year is 15. 7 °C (60 °F). The average high temperature in January is 19 °C (66 °F) while the average low is 2 °C (36 °F); the average high in July is 31 °C (88 °F) with an average low of 25 °C (77 °F). [1] The highest recorded temperature is 43 °C (109 °F) (July 13, 1934), and the lowest −16. 9 °C (2 °F) (Jan 6, 1955). On average it rains 117 days out of the year, and the average annual rainfall is 1,106. 5 millimetres (43. 6 in). The time from mid-June to the end of July is the plum blossom Meiyu season, during which the city experiences a period of mild rain as well as dampness.
Nanjing is endowed with rich natural resources, which include more than 40 kinds of minerals. Among them, iron and sulfur reserves make up 40 percent of those of Jiangsu province. Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 Sulfur or sulphur (ˈsʌlfɚ see spelling below) is the Chemical element that has the Atomic number 16 Its reserves of strontium rank first in East Asia and the South East Asia region. Strontium (ˈstrɒntiəm /ˈstrɒnʃiəm/) is a Chemical element with the symbol Sr and the Atomic number 38 Nanjing also possesses abundant water resources, both from the Yangtze River and groundwater. In addition, it has several natural hot springs such as Tangshan Hot Spring in Jiangning and Tangquan Hot Spring in Pukou. Pukou ( Chinese: 浦口 Jiangsu, China a city district of the City of Nanjing directly northwest across the Yangtze River from Nanjing
Surrounded by the Yangtze River and mountains, Nanjing also enjoys beautiful natural scenery. Natural lakes such as Xuanwu Lake and Mochou Lake are located in the center of the city and are easily accessible to the public, while hills like Purple Mountain are covered with evergreens and oaks and host various historical and cultural sites. Purple Mountain or Zijin Mountain ( also known as Bell Mountain ( is located on the eastern side of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, N32 5 E118 48 447 Sun Quan relocated its capital to Nanjing after Liu Bei's suggestion as Liu Bei was impressed by Nanjing's impeccable geographic position when negotiating an alliance with Sun Quan. Sun Quan then renamed the city from Moling (秣陵) to Jianye (建邺) shortly thereafter. [2]
History
Ancient times
Nanjing was one of the earliest established cities in the southern China area. According to the legend, Fu Chai, the Lord of the State of Wu, founded the first city, Yecheng (冶城) in today's Nanjing area in 495 BC. King Fuchai of Wu (吳王夫差 (reigned 495 BC - 473 BC was the last king of Wu, a state in ancient China; he reigned towards the end of the Spring and Autumn Wu (吳 was a state during the Spring and Autumn Period in China. Yecheng (modern Chinese name 叶城 Pinyin: Yèchéng, also known as Kargilik, Karghilik, and Chokkuka. Later in 473 BC, The State of Yue conquered Wu and constructed the city of Yuecheng (越城) on the outskirts of the present-day Zhonghua Gate. The Gate of China, Zhonghua Gate or Zhonghuamen in Chinese is the southern gate of Nanjing city In 333 BC, after eliminating the State of Yue, the State of Chu built Jinling Yi (金陵邑) in the northwestern part of present-day Nanjing. Chǔ ( 楚) was a kingdom in what is now central and southern China during the Spring and Autumn period ( 722 - 481 BC) and Since then, the city has experienced numerous destructions and reconstructions.
Nanjing first became a capital in AD 229, where Sun Quan of the Wu Kingdom during the Three Kingdoms Period relocated its capital to Jianye (建鄴), a city he extended on the basis of Jinling Yi in AD 211. Sun Quan ( (182 - 252 son of Sun Jian, courtesy name Zhòngmóu (仲謀 formally Emperor Da of (Eastern Wu was the founder of Eastern Wu Eastern Wu ( Chinese: 東吳 Pinyin: Dōng Wú also known as Sun Wu ( Traditional Chinese: 孫吳 pinyin Sūn Wú refers to a The Three Kingdoms period ( is a period in the History of China, part of an era of disunity called the Six Dynasties following immediately the loss of After the invasion of the Five Hu, the nobles and wealthy families of the Jin Dynasty escaped across the Yangtze River and established Nanjing as the capital, which was then called Jiankang (建康). For the city see Wuhu. For the history of each of the Wu Hu tribes see Sixteen Kingdoms. Jiankang (建康城 in Pinyin: Jiànkāng chéng formerly known as Jianye (建業 Jiànyè until Eastern Jin Dynasty (317 – 420 was an ancient city in Thereafter, Jiankang remained as the capital of Southern China during the North-South Division period, until Sui Dynasty reunified China and destroyed almost the entire city, turning it into a small town. This article is about the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China. The Sui Dynasty ( 581 - 618 AD and in the undertaking of other construction projects including the reconstruction of the Great Wall.
The city was reconstructed during the late Tang Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by It was again named capital (then known as Jinling (金陵)) during the short-lived Southern Tang Kingdom (937 – 975) (who renamed it Xidu), who succeeded the Wu Kingdom. Southern Tang (also referred to as Nantang) ( Chinese: 南唐 Pinyin Nán Táng was one of the Ten Kingdoms in south-central China Wu 吳 (also referred to as Huainan 淮南 was one of the Ten Kingdoms in south-central China which was in existence between the years of 907 and 937 [3]Jiankang's textile industry burgeoned and thrived during Song Dynasty despite the constant threat from the northern foreign invasions. The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms The Mongolians, the occupiers of China, further consolidated the city's status as a hub of the textile industry under the Yuan Dynasty. The Yuan Dynasty ( Pinyin: Yuáncháo Dai Ön Ulus (Дай Юан Улс was a ruling Dynasty founded by the Mongol leader Kublai
The first emperor of the Ming Dynasty Zhu Yuanzhang who overthrew the Yuan Dynasty rebuilt this city and made it the capital of China in 1368. Early life Zhu Yuanzhang was born in 1328 in Pei County Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province as the youngest of four sons He constructed what was the longest city wall in the world at that time. It took 200,000 laborers 21 years to finish the project. The present-day city wall of Nanjing was mainly built during that time, and it is the longest surviving city wall in the world. The City Wall of Nanjing was designed by Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang (r
It is believed that Nanjing was the largest city in the world from 1358 to 1425 with a population of 487,000 in 1400. [4]
During the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), the Nanjing area was known as Jiangning (江宁) and served as the seat of government for the Liangjiang Viceroy. Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China Nanjing was the capital of the Taiping Kingdom[5] in the mid-19th century, being renamed as Tianjing (天京) (lit. The Taiping Rebellion or Rebellion of Great Peace was a large-scale Revolt against the authority and forces of the Qing Government in China Heaven's Capital). Both the Viceroy and the Taiping king resided in buildings that would later be known as the Presidential Palace. The Presidential Palace ( in Nanjing, China, housed the Office of the President of the Republic of China before moving to Taiwan in 1949 As Qing general Zeng Guofan retook the city in 1864, massive slaughtering occurred in the city with over 100,000 committing suicide or fighting to the death. Zeng Guofan ( Pinyin: Zēng Guófán Wade-Giles: Tseng Kuo-fan Styled Bóhán 伯函 and variably Díshēng 滌生 Posthumous
After 1911
The Xinhai Revolution led to the founding of the Republic of China in January 1912 with Dr. Sun Yat-sen as the first provisional president, and Nanjing was selected as its new capital. The Presidential Palace ( in Nanjing, China, housed the Office of the President of the Republic of China before moving to Taiwan in 1949 The Xinhai Revolution or Shinhai Revolution ( also known as the 1911 Revolution or the Chinese Revolution, began with the Wuchang Uprising REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Sun Yat-sen ( November 12, 1866 &ndash March 12, 1925) was a Chinese Revolutionary and political leader often However, the Qing Dynasty still controlled the northern provinces, so revolutionaries asked Yuan Shikai to replace Sun as president in exchange for the emperor's abdication. Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China Yuan Shikai ( Courtesy Weiting 慰亭 Pseudonym: Rong'an 容庵 ( September 16, 1859 &ndash June 6, Yuan demanded the capital be at Beijing (closer to his power base).
In 1927, the Kuomintang (KMT) under Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek again established Nanjing as the capital of the Republic of China, and this became internationally recognized once KMT forces took Beijing in 1928. Chiang Kai-shek ( POJ: Chiúⁿ Kài-se̍k Jyutping: zoeng2gaai3sek6 GCB ( October 31, 1887 &ndash REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES The following decade is known as the Nanjing decade, as they used the Presidential Palace in Nanjing as their headquarters. The Nanjing decade (also Nanking decade, 南京十年 was the Decade from 1927 (or 1928 to 1937 in the History of the Republic of China. The Presidential Palace ( in Nanjing, China, housed the Office of the President of the Republic of China before moving to Taiwan in 1949
World War II
- See also: Nanjing Massacre and Unit 1855
In 1937, the Japanese army invaded and occupied the Capital city of Republic of China - Nanjing, and carried out the systematic and brutal Nanking massacre. Unit 1855 was a secret Imperial Japanese Army facility that focused on the development of Biological weapons during World War II. REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES The total death toll could not be confirmed, since no official records were kept, and is often contested, but most estimates put the number of dead between 200,000 and 350,000. [6] The Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall was built in 1985 to commemorate the event. The Memorial for compatriots killed in the Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Forces of Aggression ( is the Memorial Hall for the people killed in the Nanjing Massacre
After the conquest of the city, the Imperial Japanese Army established the bacteriological research Unit 1644, a section of Unit 731, where Japanese doctors experimented on humans. The Imperial Japanese Army ( IJA) ( Kyūjitai: 大日本帝國陸軍 Shinjitai: ja 大日本帝国陸軍 Romaji: Dai-Nippon Teikoku Unit Ei 1644 (栄1644部隊 also known as "Unit 1644" was a medical research unit of the Japanese Imperial Army based in Nanjing, China. was a covert biological and Chemical warfare research and development unit of the Imperial Japanese Army that undertook lethal human experimentation during [7]
A Japanese-collaborationist government known as the "Nanjing Regime" or "Nanjing Nationalist Government" led by Wang Jingwei was established in Nanjing as a rival to Chiang Kai-Shek's government in Chongqing, and after World War II, the KMT relocated its central government to Nanjing. The Wang Jingwei Government was a Government under the leadership of Wang Jingwei in the Republic of China, set up by the Empire of Japan Wang Jingwei ( Traditional Chinese: 汪精衛 Simplified Chinese: 汪精卫 Pinyin: Wāng Jīngwèi Wade-Giles: Wang Ching-wei ( Chongqing ( Postal map spelling: Chungking; Wade-Giles: Ch'ung-ch'ing) is the largest and most populous of the People's Republic of China World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including
After 1949
On April 23, 1949, The People's Liberation Army conquered Nanjing, officially ending the Republic of China's rule on the mainland. Events 215 BC - A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The People's Liberation Army ( PLA) ( is the unified Military organization of all land sea and air forces of the People's Republic of China. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing was initially a province-level municipality, but very soon became, and today remains, the provincial capital of Jiangsu. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES
Until 2002, the Ministry of Interior of the Republic of China (Taiwan), as well as textbooks published in Taiwan, referred to Nanjing as the official capital of the Republic of China, while Taipei is just its temporary capital. REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Taipei ( Taiwanese Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tâi-pak-chhī Jhuyin Fuhao: ㄊㄞˊ ㄅㄟˇ ㄕˋ Hakka: Thòi-pet-sṳ has been the capital of
It has long been rumored that Nanjing might be split from Jiangsu Province in future years and become its own municipality, but the rumour was never officially confirmed. ( Postal map spelling: Kiangsu) is a province of the People's Republic of China, located along the east coast of the country Direct-controlled municipality (直辖市 zhíxiáshì) is the highest level classificiation for Cities used by Chinese governments with status equal to
Government and administrative division
The full name of the government of Nanjing is "People's Government of Nanjing City". The city is under the one-party rule of the CPC, with the CPC Nanjing Committee Secretary as the de facto governor of the city and the mayor as the executive head of the government working under the secretary. The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the
Nanjing currently consists of thirteen county-level divisions, of which eleven are [[district of China|districts],] and two are counties. See also Administrative divisions of the Republic of China Due to China 's large Population and area the political divisions of China have consisted In the context of Political divisions of China, county is the standard English translation of 县 ( xiàn) The districts are the urban areas of Nanjing while the counties are the rural areas governed by the city.
- Districts and Counties
Nanjing is divided into different districts and counties. The districts listed below are eleven urban districts and two counties:
Districts:
- Xuanwu District (玄武区)
- Baixia District (白下区)
- Qinhuai District (秦淮区)
- Jianye District (建邺区)
- Gulou District (鼓楼区)
- Xiaguan District (下关区)
- Pukou District (浦口区)
- Luhe District (六合区) (Formerly Luhe County)
- Qixia District (栖霞区)
- Yuhuatai District (雨花台区)
- Jiangning District (江宁区) (Formerly Jiangning County)
Counties:
- Lishui County (溧水县)
- Gaochun County (高淳县)
The current partition of districts of Nanjing might change in the future. Xuanwu District may refer to Xuanwu District Beijing, district in Beijing China Xuanwu District Nanjing, district in Nanjing China Pukou ( Chinese: 浦口 Jiangsu, China a city district of the City of Nanjing directly northwest across the Yangtze River from Nanjing Jiangning District ( Chinese: 江宁区 is a district in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. There was a rumor that Lishui County would be designated as a new urban district in the near future.
Demographics
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According to the Fifth China Census, the total population of the City of Nanjing reached 6. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population 24 million in 2000. The statistics in 2004 estimated the total population to be 6. 4 million, while the number of city residents was 5. 836 million. The birth rate was 7. Crude birth rate is the natality or Childbirths per 1000 people per year 73 percent and the death rate was 5. Mortality rate is a measure of the number of Deaths (in general or due to a specific cause in some population scaled to the size of that population per unit time 44 percent. In 2004, 47,429 couples married, while 7,036 pairs divorced. Among the newlyweds, 10,473 people were remarried. The urban area included 1. 65 million people.
As in most of eastern China the ethnic makeup of Nanjing is predominantly Han nationality (98. Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. 56 percent), with 50 other minority nationalities. The following is a list of ethnic groups in China where "China" is taken to mean areas controlled by either of the two states using "China" in their formal In 1999, 77,394 residents belonged to minority nationalities, among which the vast majority (64,832) were Hui nationalities, contributing 83. The Hui people ( Xiao'erjing: حُوِ ذَو) are a Chinese ethnic group, typically distinguished by their practice of Islam. 76 percent to the minority population. The second and third largest minority groups were Manchu (2,311) and Zhuang (533) nationalities. The Manchu people ( Manchu: Manju;, Mongolian: Манж Russian: Маньчжуры are a Tungusic people who originated in Most of the minority nationalities resided in Jianye District, comprising 9. 13 percent of the district's population.
In 2003 the sex ratio of the city population was 106. Sex ratio is the Ratio of Males to Females in a Population. The primary sex ratio is the ratio at the time of conception secondary sex ratio is 49 males to 100 females.
In 2006 the city's GDP was RMB 277. 4 billion (3rd in Jiangsu), and GDP per capita was RMB 45,276, a 15 percent increase from 2005. The average urban resident's disposable income was RMB 17,538, while the average rural resident's net income is RMB 7,070. Disposable income is Gross income minus Income tax on that income The urban unemployment rate was 4. Unemployment occurs when a person is available to work and currently seeking work but the person is without work. 03 percent, lower than the national average (4. 2 percent).
Economy
Early development
Since the Three Kingdoms period, Nanjing has become an industrial center for textile and mint owing to its strategic geographical location and convenient transportation. During the Ming Dynasty Nanjing's industry was further expanded, and the city became one of the most prosperous cities in China and even the world. It led in textile, mint, printing, shipbuilding and many other industries, and was the busiest business center in the Far East. The Far East is a term often used by people in the Western world to refer to the countries of East Asia.
Into the first half of the twentieth century, Nanjing gradually shifted from a production hub into a heavy consumption city, mainly because of the rapid expansion of the wealthy population after Nanjing once again regained the political spotlight of China. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on A number of huge department stores such as Zhongyang Shangchang sprouted up, attracting merchants from all over China to sell their products in Nanjing. A department store is a Retail establishment which specializes in selling a wide range of products without a single predominant merchandise line. In 1933, the revenue generated by the food and entertainment industry in the city exceeded the sum of the output of the manufacturing and agriculture industry. One third of the city population worked in the service industry, while prostitution, drugs and gambling also thrived.
In the 1950s, the CPC invested heavily in Nanjing to build a series of state-owned heavy industries, as part of the national plan of rapid industrialization. Heavy industry does not have a single fixed meaning as compared to Light industry. is a process of social and economic change whereby a human group is transformed from a Pre-industrial society into an industrial one Electrical, mechanical, chemical and steel factories were established successively, converting Nanjing into a heavy industry production center of East China. Overenthusiastic in building a “world-class” industrial city, leaders of Nanjing also made many disastrous mistakes during the development, such as spending hundreds of millions of yuan to mine for non-existent coal, resulting in the negative economic growth in the late 1960s.
Today
The current industry of the city basically inherited the characteristics of the 1960s, with electronics, cars, petrochemical, iron and steel, and power as the "Five Pillar Industries". Some representative big state-owned firms are Panda Electronics, Jincheng Motors and Nanjing Steel. The tertiary industry also regained prominence, counting for 44 percent of the GDP of the city. The city is also vying for foreign investment against neighboring cities in the Yangtze River Delta, and so far a number of famous multinational firms, such as Volkswagen, Iveco, A.O. Smith, and Sharp, have established their lines there. Multinational corporation ( MNC) or transnational corporation ( TNC) is a Corporation or enterprise that manages Production or delivers Iveco is an Italian Truck, Bus, and Diesel engine Manufacturer, based in Turin, Italy. A O Smith Water Products Company, a division of A O Smith Corporation headquartered in Ashland City Tennessee, is a manufacturer and marketer of residential and commercial () is a Japanese Electronics manufacturer founded in 1912 It takes its name from one of its founder's first inventions the Ever-Sharp Mechanical pencil, which Since China's entry into the WTO, Nanjing has received increasing attention from foreign investors, and on average, two new foreign firms establish offices in the city every day.
The city government is further improving the desirability of the city to investors by building large industrial parks, which now total four: Gaoxin, Xingang, Huagong and Jiangning. An industrial estate is an area of land set aside for industrial development. Despite the effort, Nanjing's Gross Domestic Production is still falling behind that of other neighboring cities such as Wuxi, Suzhou and Hangzhou, which have an edge in attracting foreign investment and local innovation. Administration The Prefecture-level city of Wuxi administers 9 county-level divisions, including 7 districts and 2 county-level Suzhou ( ancient name 吳) is a City on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and on the shores of Lake Taihu in the province of Jiangsu ( Postal map spelling: Hangchow) is a Sub-provincial city located in the Yangtze River Delta in the People's Republic of China, In addition, the traditional state-owned enterprises find themselves incapable of competing with efficient multinational firms, and hence are either mired in heavy debt or forced into bankruptcy or privatization. A government-owned corporation, state-owned enterprise or government business enterprise is a legal entity created by a Government to undertake commercial Bankruptcy is a legally declared inability or impairment of ability of an individual or organization to pay their Creditors Creditors may file a bankruptcy petition against Privatization is the incidence or process of transferring ownership of business from the Public sector (government to the Private sector (business This has resulted in large numbers of layoff workers who are technically not unemployed but effectively jobless. Layoff is the temporary suspension or permanent Termination of employment of an Employee or (more commonly a group of employees for Business reasons
In recent years, Nanjing has been developing its economy, commerce, industry, as well as city construction. Nanjing's Gross Domestic Production ranked 15th in 2007 in China, and its overall competence ranked 9th.
Transportation
Nanjing is the transportation hub in eastern China and the downstream Yangtze River area. Different means of transportation constitute a three-dimensional transport system that includes land, water and air. As in most other Chinese cities, public transportation is the dominant mode of travel of the majority of the citizens. Therefore see also Transport in Nanjing.
Land
As an important regional hub in the Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing is well-connected by over 60 state and provincial highways to all parts of China. The Yangtze River Delta or Yangtze Delta, also called Chang Jiang Delta, or the Golden Triangle of the Yangtze ( Hanyu Pinyin:) generally * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Before adding any more images to this * * page please do carefully consider * * whether they would be mere decoration * * or actually improve Express highways such as Hu-Ning, Ning-He, Ning-Hang enable commuters to travel to Shanghai, Hefei, Hangzhou, and other important cities quickly and conveniently. Hefei ( literally "Junction of the (South Fei Rivers " former names Ho-fei Luzhou Luchow is a Prefecture-level city and the provincial capital of Inside the city of Nanjing, there are 230 kilometers (143 mi) of highways, with a highway coverage density of 3. 38 kilometers per hundred square kilometers (2. 10 mi/38. 6 sq mi). The total road coverage density of the city is 112. 56 kilometers per hundred square kilometers (69. 94 mi/38. 6 sq mi). As for the railway system, the Tianjin-Pukou, Shanghai-Nanjing and Nanjing-Wuhu Trunk Railways meet in Nanjing, which has become an important hub of railways linking north, east and central China. Passenger rail service in Nanjing is provided mainly by Nanjing Railway Station, while both Nanjing West Railway Station and Nanjing South Railway Station serve minor roles. Since 2008, Nanjing South Railway Station has started operation. This will officially be claimed the largest railway station in Asia after it is finished.
Public transportation
The city also boasts an efficient network of public transportation, which mainly consists of bus, taxi and metro systems. The bus network, which is currently run by four companies (Nanjing Gongjiao, Zhongbei, Argos and Xincheng), provides more than 170 routes covering all parts of the city and suburban areas. Chungcheongbuk-do (North Chungcheong is a province in the centre of South Korea. Argos ( Greek: Ἄργος, Árgos ˈaɾɣos is a city in Greece in the Peloponnese near Nafplio, which was its historic harbor This article is about the town in Tianjin China For other uses see Xincheng (disambiguation. The city's first mass transit line, Metro Line No. The Nanjing Metro ( is a metro system in the city of Nanjing, China. 1, started service on May 15, 2005, and Metro Line No. 2 began construction in November 2005. The city is planning to complete a 433-kilometer (269 mi)-long Metro and light-rail system by 2050. For specific light rail systems many of which use the words "light rail" as part of their name see List of light-rail transit systems. The expansion of the Metro network will greatly facilitate the intracity transportation and reduce the currently heavy traffic congestion.
Air
Nanjing's airport, Lukou International Airport, serves both national and international flights. Nanjing Lukou International Airport (NLIA) is located in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province over 35km from the downtown area in the southeast outskirts of the city The airport is ranked 15th among 126 civil airports in China in terms of yearly passenger transport, and 10th for yearly cargo transport. The airport currently has 85 routes to national and international destinations, which include Japan, Korea, Thailand, Singapore and Germany. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries a civilization and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj Singapore Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The airport is connected by a 29-kilometer (18 mi) highway directly to the city center, and is also linked to various intercity highways, making it accessible to the passengers from the surrounding cities.
Water
Port of Nanjing is the largest inland port in China, yearly throughput reaching 66 million tons in 2003. In Communication networks, such as Ethernet or Packet radio, throughput is the average rate of successful message delivery over a communication channel Units of mass There are three similar units of Mass called the ton: Long ton (simply ton in countries such as the United The port area is 98 kilometers (61 mi) in length and has 64 berths including 16 berths for ships with a tonnage of more than 10,000. Nanjing is also the biggest container port along the Yangtze River; in March 2004, the one million container-capacity base, Longtan Containers Port Area opened, further consolidating Nanjing as the leading port in the region. In the 1960s the first Yangzte river bridge was completed, becoming almost the only solid connection between North and South in eastern China at that time. The bridge became a source of pride and an important symbol of modern China, having been built and designed by the Chinese themselves following failed surveys by other nations and the reliance on and then rejection of Soviet expertise. Begun in 1960 and opened to traffic in 1968, the bridge is a two-tiered road and rail design spanning 4,600 metres on the upper deck, with approximately 1,580 metres spanning the river itself.
Culture and art
Being one of the four ancient capitals of China, Nanjing has always been a cultural center attracting intellectuals from all over the country. In the Tang and Song dynasties, Nanjing was a place where poets gathered and composed poems reminiscent of its luxurious past; during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the city was the official imperial examination center for the Jiangnan region, again acting as a hub where different thoughts and opinions converged and thrived. The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms The Ming Dynasty ( or Empire of the Great Ming ( was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol -led Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China The Imperial examinations ( in Imperial China determined who among the population would be permitted to enter the state's Bureaucracy. Jiangnan or Jiang Nan ( sometimes spelled Kiang-nan) is a geographic area in China referring to lands immediately to the south of the lower reaches of
Today, with a long cultural tradition and strong support from local educational institutions, Nanjing is commonly viewed as a “city of culture” and one of the more pleasant cities to live in in China.
Art
Some of the leading art groups of China are based in Nanjing; they include: Qianxian Dance Company, Nanjing Dance Company, Jiangsu Peking Opera Institute, Nanjing Xiaohonghua Art Company are just a few to list. The following is a list of art groups in Nanjing, Jiangsu province of China: Jiangsu Province Kun Opera Jiangsu Jiangnan Theater
Jiangsu Province Kun Opera is one of the best theatres for Kunqu, China's oldest stage art. Jiangsu Province Kun Opera is a professional company based in Nanjing, engaged in Kunqu research production and performance It is considered a conservative and traditional troupe. Nanjing also has professional opera troupes for the Yang, Yue (shaoxing), Xi and Jing (Chinese opera varieties) as well as Suzhou pingtan, spoken theatre, and puppet theatre.
Jiangsu Art Gallery is the largest gallery in Jiangsu Province, presenting some of the best traditional and contemporary art pieces of China; many other smaller-scale galleries, such as Red Chamber Art Garden and Jinling Stone Gallery, also have their own special exhibitions.
Festivals
Many traditional festivals and customs were observed in the old times, which included climbing the City Wall on January 16, bathing in Qing Xi on March 3, hill hiking on September 9 and others (the dates are in Chinese lunar calendar). The City Wall of Nanjing was designed by Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang (r The Chinese calendar is lunisolar, incorporating elements of a Lunar calendar with those of a Solar calendar. Almost none of them, however, are still celebrated by modern Nanjingese.
Instead, Nanjing, as a popular tourist destination, hosts a series of government-organised events throughout the year. The annual International Plum Blossom Festival held in Plum Hill, the largest plum collection in China, attracts thousands of tourists both domestically and internationally. Other events include Nanjing Baima Peach Blossom and Kite Festival, Jiangxin Zhou Fruit Festival and Linggu Temple Sweet Osmanthus Festival.
Libraries
Nanjing Library, founded in 1907, houses more than 7 million volumes of printed materials and is the third largest library in China, after the National Library in Beijing and Shanghai Library. The National Library of China ( in Beijing is the largest Library in Asia and with a collection of over 22 million volumes (which includes individually Shanghai Library is the second largest library in China after the National Library of China in Beijing. Other libraries, such as city-owned Jinling Library and various district libraries, also provide considerable amount of information to citizens. Nanjing University Library, owned by Nanjing University, with a collection of 4. Nanjing University ( colloquially 南大 Nándà is a national comprehensive university located in Nanjing, an ancient capital of China. 2 million volumes, is also one of the leading university libraries in China. In 2005, the new Nanjing Library was constructed. This library is the third largest in China, right after the two that are in Beijing and Shanghai. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Shanghai ( 上[[wikt 海|海]] is the largest city in China in terms of population and one of the largest urban areas in the world with over 20 million
Museums
Nanjing has some of the oldest and finest museums in China. The city of Nanjing, China has the following notable Museums China Modern History Museum Nanjing Museum Nanjing Museum, formerly known as National Central Museum under KMT rule, is the first modern museum and remains as one of the leading museums in China. Nanjing Museum ( Pinyin: Nánjīng Bówuyuán Simplified Chinese: 南京博物院 is located in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China, Other museums include the China Modern History Museum in the Presidential Palace, the Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall, the City Museum of Nanjing, the Taiping Kingdom History Museum, the Nanjing Customs Museum, the Nanjing City Wall Cultural Museum, and a small museum and tomb honoring the 15th century seafaring admiral Zheng He. The Presidential Palace ( in Nanjing, China, housed the Office of the President of the Republic of China before moving to Taiwan in 1949 The Memorial for compatriots killed in the Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Forces of Aggression ( is the Memorial Hall for the people killed in the Nanjing Massacre The Taiping Kingdom History Museum (） is a museum dedicated to artifacts from the Taiping Rebellion. Zheng He ( Birth name 馬三寶 / 马三宝; Arabic / Persian name حجّي محمود شمس Hajji Mahmud Shams) (1371&ndash1433 was a Hui
Night life
Traditionally Nanjing's nightlife was mostly centered around Fu Zi Miao area along the Qinhuai River, where night markets, restaurants and pubs thrived. Boating at night in the river was a main attraction of the city. The area was also famous for the concentration of upper-class prostitutes, many of them patronized by high-ranking government officials and wealthy businessmen. Prostitution was banned after the CCP took over Nanjing.
In recent years, several commercial streets have been developed, hence the nightlife has become more diverse: there are shopping malls opening late in the Xinjiekou CBD and Hunan Road. Xinjiekou ( Pinyin: Xīnjiēkǒu is an area in the Xicheng (literally "west" district of Beijing, China. A central business district ( CBD) is the commercial and often geographic heart of a city The well-established "Nanjing 1912" district hosts a wide variety of pastime facilities ranging from traditional restaurants and western pubs to dance clubs.
Theatre
Most of Nanjing's major theatres are multi-purpose, used as convention halls, cinemas, musical halls and theatres on different occasions. The major theatres include the People's Convention Hall and the Nanjing Arts and Culture Center.
Most of the city's cinemas are not well maintained owing to lack of revenue and rampant movie piracy. Yet a new cinema, Nanjing Shangying-Warner Cinema Complex, was opened in 2004, as the first modern cinema complex in Nanjing. It has become a must-visit for movie enthusiasts.
Stadium
There are two major sports centers in Nanjing, Wutaishan Sports Center and Nanjing Olympic Center. Both of these two are comprehensive sports centers, including stadium, gymnasium, natatorium, tennis court, etc. . Wutaishan Sports Center was established in 1952 and it was one of the oldest and most advanced stadiums in early time of People's Republic of China. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES
In 2005, in order to host The 10th National Game of People's Republic of China, there was a new stadium, Nanjing Olympic Center, constructed in Nanjing. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Compared to Wutaishan Sports Center, whose major stadium's capacity is 18,600, stadium in Nanjing Olympic Center is more advanced and capacious. Nanjing Olympic Center has a stadium of capacity 60,000. Its gymnasium has capacity of 13,000, and natatorium of capacity 3,000.
Tourism
As a popular tourist destination, Nanjing is often cited as having a unique charm: with a vast number of cultural sites and pleasant natural surroundings perfectly blending together, the ancient city enchants millions of tourists with a memorable experience.
Buildings and monuments
Ancient period
- Bei Ji Ge
- Zhonghua City Gate Soldiers Hidding Cache
- Chaotian Palace (museum and Kunqu opera house)
- Fuzi Miao (Temple of Confucius) and Qinhuai River
- Gu Lou
- Jiangnan Gongyuan
- Jiming Temple
- Jinghai Temple
- Linggu Temple
- Ming Dynasty Palace Site
- Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum and its surrounding complex
- Nanjing Ming City Wall and Zhonghua Gate
- Qixia Temple
- South Tang Mausoleums
- Stone City
- The Porcelain Pagoda of Nanjing
- Yuejiang Lou
- Xu Yuan
- Zhan Yuan
Republic of China period (1912-1949)
Because it was designated as the national capital, many structures were built around that time. Kunqu ( 崑[[wiktionary 曲|曲]] Pinyin: Kūnqǔ Wade-Giles: k'un-ch'ü also known as Kunju, Kun opera or Kunqu Opera Linggu Temple (灵谷寺 is an archaized structure in Nanjing, Jiangsu province China. Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum is the tomb of the Hongwu Emperor of the Ming Dynasty. The City Wall of Nanjing was designed by Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang (r The Gate of China, Zhonghua Gate or Zhonghuamen in Chinese is the southern gate of Nanjing city Qixia Temple ( Chinese: 栖霞寺 Pinyin: Qīxiá Sì is a Buddhist temple located in Qixia Hill 22 kilometers northeast of Nanjing, Jiangsu The Stone City (石頭城 Pinyin Shítóu Chéng is the popular name of an ancient fortified city within the current city of Nanjing. The Porcelain Tower (or Porcelain Pagoda) of Nanjing ( also known as Bao'ensi (meaning "Temple of Gratitude" is a historical archaeological Xu Garden ( also called '"Xi Hua Yuan"'(西花园 or literally "West Flower Garden" is a famed classical garden in South China Even today, some of them still remain which are open to tourists.
- Catholic Church at Shigu Road (112 Shigu Road)
- Central Hotel (237 E. The Mausoleum of Dr Sun Yat-sen (中山陵 is situated at the foot of the second peak of Mount Zijin ( Purple Mountain) in Nanjing Zhongshan Road)
- Central Stadium (present day Nanjing Physical Education Institute)
- China Bank of Communications Nanjing Branch (1 E. Zhongshan Road)
- Dahua Theatre (67 S. Zhongshan Road)
- Former Central Government Building Group along N. Zhongshan Road
- Former Foreign Embassies in Gu Lou Area
- Huiwen Institute Bell Tower (196 Zhongshan Road)
- Jiangsu Art Gallery (Former National Art Gallery)
- Lizhi She (307 E. Zhongshan Road)
- Macklin Hospital (321 Zhongshan Road, present day Gu Lou Hospital)
- Nanjing Museum Complex
- Officials Residence Cluster along Yihe Road
- Presidential Palace, Nanjing
- Purple Mountain Observatory
- St. The Presidential Palace ( in Nanjing, China, housed the Office of the President of the Republic of China before moving to Taiwan in 1949 Paul's Church (396 S. Taiping Road)
- The Complex of Former Academia Sinica (39 E. The Academia Sinica ( "Chinese Academy" in Latin) headquartered in the Nangang District of Taipei, is the National academy Beijing Road)
- The Complex of Former Central University
- The Complex of Former Jinling University
- Yangzi Hotel (2 Baoshan Road)
- Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum and its surrounding area
Contemporary
- Jinling Hotel On Zhongshan (19th) Avenue
- Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge
- River-crossing Victory Monument
- Nanjing Harbor on Latitude 8th Street
Parks and gardens
- Purple Mountain Scenic Area
- Zhongshan Botanical Garden
Other places of interests
- Tangshan Hot Spring
- Jiangxin Islet
- Yangshan Tomb Stone
- Yangtze River Crossing Nanjing, tallest electricity pylons built of concrete. National Central University was the former name of Nanjing University. The Mausoleum of Dr Sun Yat-sen (中山陵 is situated at the foot of the second peak of Mount Zijin ( Purple Mountain) in Nanjing Jinling Hotel is a hotel in Nanjing, China, located near the city's Xinjiekou district The Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge is the first bridge to be built across the Yangtze River in Nanjing, China. Purple Mountain or Zijin Mountain ( also known as Bell Mountain ( is located on the eastern side of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, N32 5 E118 48 447 The Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem Sun Yat-Sen ( is the first national Botanical garden established in 1929 in China. The Yangtze River Crossing may refer to one of three overhead power lines crossing the Yangtze River, China.
Education
Nanjing has been the educational center in southern China for more than 1700 years. Currently, it boasts of some of the most prominent educational institutions in the region, which are listed as follows:
National
- Nanjing University (南京大学) (Part of National Central University 国立中央大学, founded in 1902)
- Southeast University (东南大学) (Part of National Central University 国立中央大学, founded in 1902)
- Hohai University (河海大学)
- Nanjing Agricultural University (南京农业大学)
- China Pharmaceutical University (中国药科大学)
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology (南京理工大学)
- Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (南京航空航天大学)
Public
- Nanjing University of Technology (南京工业大学)(Part of National Central University 国立中央大学, founded in 1902)
- Nanjing Forestry University (南京林业大学)
- Nanjing Medical University (南京医科大学)
- Nanjing Normal University (南京师范大学)(Part of National Central University 国立中央大学, founded in 1902)
- Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(南京中医药大学)
- Nanjing University of Finance & Economics (南京财经大学)
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (南京邮电大学)
- Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (南京信息工程大学)
- Nanjing Institute of Physical Education (南京体育学院)
- Nanjing Arts Institute (南京艺术学院)
- Nanjing Audit University (南京审计学院)
- Nanjing Xiaozhuang College (南京晓庄学院)
- Jinling Institute of Technology (金陵科技学院)
Private
Notable Schools
- The British School of Nanjing
- Nanjing Foreign Language School (南京外国语学校)
- High School Affiliated to Nanjing Normal University (南京师范大学附属中学)
- Jinling High School (金陵中学)
Sister cities
Nanjing currently has 18 sister cities (areas), namely:
Alsace, France
Barranquilla, Colombia
Bloemfontein, South Africa
Eindhoven, Netherlands
Florence, Italy- Hauts-de-Seine, France
Houston, Texas, U.S.
Leipzig, Germany
Limassol, Cyprus
London, Ontario, Canada
Malacca Town, Malaysia (2001)
Mexicali, Mexico
Nagoya, Japan
Perth, Australia- St. Louis, Missouri, U.S. (Nov 02, 1978, The 1st pair of Twin Cities between America and People's Republic of China)
Daejeon, South Korea
Birmingham, United Kingdom
Belo Horizonte, Brazil
See also
- Nanjing English guide with open directory
- Treaty of Nanjing
- Nanjing Massacre
- The Rape of Nanking (book)
- Jiangnan
- List of cities in the People's Republic of China by population
Notes
- ^ Nanjing, China. Nanjing University ( colloquially 南大 Nándà is a national comprehensive university located in Nanjing, an ancient capital of China. For the Southeast University in Bangladesh see Southeast University (Bangladesh For the Southeast University before 1949 see National Central University Hohai University ( Chinese: 河海大学 is a research university in Nanjing China under the direct jurisdiction of the Ministry of Education of China Nanjing Agricultural University is a University located in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. China Pharmaceutical University ( CPU) is a university in Nanjing, China that specializes in the Pharmaceutical sciences. Nanjing University of Science & Technology or NJUST ([http//njust Nanjing Aeronautics and Astronautics University ( is a University located in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. Nanjing University of Technology (Abbreviation NJUT Simplified 南京工业大学 Pinyin Nánjīng Gōngyè Dàxúe colloquially Nanjing Normal University ( is a Normal university located in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. Nanjing University of Finance & Economics (NUFE Pinyin: Nánjīng Cáijīng Dàxué Simplified Chinese: 南京财经大学 colloquially Cai Da ( Pinyin Nanjing Audit University is an accounting-focused university with its campus at Jianye a district of Nanjing, China Sanjiang University ( Chinese: 三江学院 is a University located in the countryside of Nanjing city which is the capital of China The Hopkins-Nanjing Center is a joint educational venture between Nanjing University and Johns Hopkins University that opened in Nanjing China in The British School of Nanjing (or "BSN" for short is a British Curriculum international school serving the expatriate community in Nanjing for children aged 2 to 11 years Nanjing Foreign Language School, ( NFLS, Simplified Chinese: 南京外国语学校 Nickname Nan-Wai 南外 is a high school located in Nanjing The High School Affiliated to Nanjing Normal University (南京师范大学附属中学 is a famous high school located in Nanjing, People's Republic of China Jinling High School ( Simplified Chinese: 金陵中学 nickname Jin-Zhong 金中) is a high school located in Nanjing, Jiangsu, Alsace (Alsace alzas Alsatian and Elsass pre-1996 German: Elsaß; Alsatia is one of the 26 Regions of France, located on the eastern This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Barranquilla, an industrial portuary and special district is a city and municipality located in northern Colombia by the Caribbean sea. Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America. Bloemfontein (ˈbluːmfɒnteɪn Afrikaans and Dutch for "spring of Bloem (bloom" The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Eindhoven ( is a Municipality and a city located in the province of Noord-Brabant in the south of the Netherlands, originally at the confluence The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Florence ( Italian: Firenze Florentia and Fiorenza) is the Capital City of the Italian region of Tuscany Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Hauts-de-Seine (92 (literally " Seine Heights" is a département in France. Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the This sort of fix restores section edit linkpoints to where they belong Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Limassol or Lemesos ( Greek: Λεμεσός, Lemesos; Turkish: Limasol, alt Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía London is a city in Southwestern Ontario, Canada along the Quebec City-Windsor Corridor with a metropolitan area population of 457720 the city proper Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Malacca Town ( Malay: Bandar Melaka) is the capital city of the Malaysian state of Malacca. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and Mexicali, is the capital of the Mexican state of Baja California. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. is the third-largest incorporated city and the fourth most populous urban area in Japan. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Missouri ( or) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Daejeon ( is a capital city of Chungcheongnamdo Province and metropolitan city in the center of South Korea. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː Birmingham ( ˈbɜːmɪŋəm Ber -ming-um The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Belo Horizonte ( Portuguese for "beautiful horizon", (bɛloɾiˈzõtʃi) is the capital of Minas Gerais state located in the |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld The Treaty of Nanking (Treaty of Nanjing signed 29 August, 1842, was the unequal treaty which marked the end of the First Opium War between Jiangnan or Jiang Nan ( sometimes spelled Kiang-nan) is a geographic area in China referring to lands immediately to the south of the lower reaches of This list ranks cities in the People's Republic of China (PRC by Population. Weatherbase. com. Last accessed January 17, 2008.
- ^ Zizhi Tongjian, vols. The Zizhi Tongjian ( was a pioneering reference work in Chinese historiography. 66, 94.
- ^ Mote, F. W. (1999). Imperial China (900-1800). Harvard University Press.
- ^ Largest Cities Through History
- ^ Eduardo Real: ‘’The Taiping Rebellion’’
- ^ In a document sent by former Japanese foreign minister Hirota Koki to the Japanese Embassy in Washington in January 17, 1938, he stated "based upon investigation, over 300,000 Chinese killed". (ref. National Archives, Washington, D. C. , Released in Sept. 1994) The verdict of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East reads in part: "Approximately 20,000 cases occurred within the city during the first month of the occupation . . . The total number of civilians and prisoners of war murdered in Nanking during the six weeks was over 200,000. . . . These figures do not take into account those persons whose bodies were destroyed by burning or by throwing into the Yangtze River or otherwise disposed by Japanese. " The 200,000 number was mostly based on the records of several humanitarian and charity organizations who buried the remaining bodies a week to four months after the massacres began. Six charity groups buried total of 195,240 bodies from 1937. 12--1938. 10. Detailed bury records are available. From the verdict, the 200,000 number did not include victims whose bodies were disposed by Japanese (as common in the early stages of the massacre) or by individuals Chinese other than the charities groups, nor did it include those who were massacred after the first six weeks. Therefore, the 200,000 number is the most conservative number. Adding the people murdered in smaller scale killings and whose bodies had been buried by other people, over 300,000 Chinese were massacred in Nanking.
- ^ Hal Gold, Unit 731 Testimony, 1996, p. 151-152
References
- Jiang, Zanchu (1995). Nanjing shi hua. Nanjing: Nanjing chu ban she. ISBN 7-80614-159-6.
External links
- Nanjing Government website
- General situation of Nanjing (English)
- Nanjing travel guide from Wikitravel
| Preceded by Beijing |
Capital of China 1368-1420 |
Succeeded by Beijing |
| Preceded by Beijing |
Capital of China 1928-1937 |
Succeeded by Wuhan (wartime) |
| Preceded by Chongqing |
Capital of China 1945-1949 |
Succeeded by Guangzhou for the Republic of China |
| Succeeded by Beijing for the People's Republic of China |
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