Ki-27
Nakajima Ki-27
Type	Fighter
Manufacturer	Nakajima Aircraft Company
Maiden flight	15 October 1936
Introduced	1937
Status	Retired
Primary users	Japanese Imperial Army Manchukuo Siam(Thailand)
Number built	3,368

Nakajima Ki-27 of the Akeno Army Flying School, ca. An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing building testing selling and maintaining Aircraft, Aircraft parts The Nakajima Aircraft Company ( Japanese:中島飛行機株式会社/Nakajima Hikōki Kabushiki Kaisha was a prominent Japanese Aircraft manufacturer throughout The maiden flight of an Aircraft is the first occasion on which an aircraft leaves the ground of its own accord Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1936: Events February British Marine Aircraft Ltd The Imperial Japanese Army ( IJA) ( Kyūjitai: 大日本帝國陸軍 Shinjitai: ja 大日本帝国陸軍 Romaji: Dai-Nippon Teikoku Manchukuo (ja [[wikt満州国 満州国]] Manshūkoku lit "State of Manchuria " was a Puppet state in Manchuria and eastern The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj winter 1941/42 (see Bueschel 1970).

The Nakajima Ki-27 (九七式戦闘機 , Kyūnana-shiki sentōki)^?) was the main fighter aircraft used by the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force up until 1940. A fighter aircraft is a Military aircraft designed primarily for air-to-air combat with other Aircraft, as opposed to a Bomber, which is designed The (IJAAF was the land-based Aviation force of the Imperial Japanese Army. This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1940: Events January January 6 - During the Winter War between Its Allied code name was Nate, although it was also called Abdul in the China Burma India Theater of World War II. The Allies of World War II were the countries officially opposed to the Axis powers during the Second World War. China Burma India Theater (CBI (later IBT or India-Burma theater was the name used by the United States Army for its forces operating in conjuction with Allied air

Design and development

In 1935, the Imperial Japanese Army held a competition between Nakajima, Mitsubishi, and Kawasaki to design a low-wing monoplane to replace the Kawasaki Ki-10 (Army Type 95 Fighter) biplane. The Imperial Japanese Army ( IJA) ( Kyūjitai: 大日本帝國陸軍 Shinjitai: ja 大日本帝国陸軍 Romaji: Dai-Nippon Teikoku The Nakajima Aircraft Company ( Japanese:中島飛行機株式会社/Nakajima Hikōki Kabushiki Kaisha was a prominent Japanese Aircraft manufacturer throughout The, Mitsubishi Group of Companies, or Mitsubishi Companies is a Japanese conglomerate consisting of a range of autonomous businesses which share the Mitsubishi is the aerospace division of Kawasaki Heavy Industries. It produces Aircraft, space systems, simulators, Jet engines Missiles For Félix du Temple 's invention see ''Monoplane'' (1874 Types of monoplane The main distinction in types of monoplane is WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout A biplane is a Fixed-wing aircraft with two main Wings The first powered heavier-than-air Aircraft, the Wright brothers' Wright Flyer

The results were Nakajima Ki-27, Kawasaki Ki-28, and Mitsubishi Ki-33 (a modification of the Mitsubishi A5M carrier-based fighter). WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Nakajima design was based on its earlier Ki-11 monoplane fighter which lost to the Ki-10 in the Type 95 Fighter competition. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout When the follow-up Nakajima Ki-12 proposal with a liquid-cooled engine and retractable landing gear was deemed too complex by the Japanese officials, the Ki-27 was designed by Koyama Yasushi to have an air-cooled radial engine and fixed landing gear. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout In Aviation, the undercarriage or landing gear is the structure (usually wheels that supports an Aircraft on the ground and allows it to taxi The aircraft had the Nakajima trademark wing with a straight leading edge and tapered trailing edge which would reappear again on the K-43, Ki-44, and Ki-84. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Nakajima Ki-84 Hayate (疾風 "Gale" was a single-seat fighter used by the Japanese Imperial Army in World War II

The Ki-27 made its first flight on 15 October 1936. Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Although it had a slower top speed and worse climb performance than its competitors, the Army chose the Nakajima design for its outstanding turning ability granted by its remarkably low wing loading. In Aerodynamics, wing loading is the loaded weight of the aircraft divided by the area of the wing The Army ordered ten pre-production samples (Ki-27a) for further testing, which featured an enclosed cockpit with sliding canopy and larger wings. A cockpit is the area usually near the front of an Aircraft, from which a pilot controls the aircraft

The type was officially accepted into service in 1937 as the Army type 97 fighter. In addition to Nakajima, the Ki-27 was also manufactured by Tachikawa Aircraft Company Ltd and Manshukoku Hikoki Seizo KK, with a total of 3,368 built before production ended in 1942. was an aircraft manufacturer in the Empire of Japan, specializing primarily in aircraft for the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force. was an aircraft company in Manchukuo in the 1930s producing a variety of mostly military aircraft and aircraft components

Operational history

The Ki-27 was the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force's main fighter until the start of World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including When placed into combat service over northern China in March 1938, the Ki-27 enjoyed air superiority until the introduction of the faster Soviet-built Polikarpov I-16 fighters by the Chinese. Air superiority is the dominance in the Air power of one side's air forces over the other side's during a Military campaign. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

In the 1939 Battle of Khalkhin Gol against the USSR in Mongolia, the Ki-27 faced both I-15 biplanes and I-16 monoplanes and suffered from lack of armor protection for the pilot and absence of self-sealing or fire suppression in the fuel tanks. This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1939: Events January January 12 - the RAF Auxiliary Air Force Reserve The Battle of Khalkhyn Gol (бои на реке Халхин-Гол Халхын голын байлдаан Japanese ノモンハン事件 Nomonhan jiken --i The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Mongolia (mɒŋˈɡoʊliə, literally Mongol country/nation,) is a Landlocked Country in East WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout In addition, the airframe could not handle the stress of high speeds and Soviet pilots routinely escaped Ki-27 attacks in a dive. The armament of two rifle-caliber machine guns was insufficient and as a result, in spite of the Ki-27's excellent maneuverability, the Japanese claim of 1,252 downed enemy aircraft (six times the official Soviet number) is unrealistic. For other uses of the phrase see Machine Gun (disambiguation. ^[1].

The Ki-27's high rate of turn caused the Army to focus almost exclusively on maneuverability, a decision which came back to haunt them later as it handicapped the development of faster and more heavily armed fighters. The Ki-27 served until the beginning of World War II in the Pacific, escorting bombers attacking Malaya, Singapore, Netherlands East Indies, Burma and the Philippines (where, initially it fared poorly against the Brewster Buffalo). British Malaya loosely described a set of states on the Malay Peninsula that were colonized by the British from the 18th and the 19th until the 20th century Singapore See http//enwikipediaorg/wiki/WikipediaFootnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the tags and the template below Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

The type also saw extensive action against the American Volunteer Group in the early months of the war. The American Volunteer Groups were volunteer air units organized by the government of the USA in order to aid the Nationalist government of China against Soon outclassed by the Americans' Curtiss P-40s, the Ki-27 was replaced in frontline service by the Ki-43, with surviving examples continued to serve as a trainer. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

The Ki-27 was also exported for use with Manchukuo and Thai armed forces, seeing combat with both. Manchukuo (ja [[wikt満州国 満州国]] Manshūkoku lit "State of Manchuria " was a Puppet state in Manchuria and eastern The Royal Thai Armed Forces (กองทัพไทย is the name of the Military of Thailand. In Thai service, Ki-27s reportedly damaged a P-51 Mustang and shot down one P-38 Lightning. Near the end of World War II, a few Ki-27s were equipped with up to 500 kg (1100 lb) of explosives for a Kamikaze role. ( is a word of Japanese origin which in English usually refers to the Suicide attacks by military aviators from the Empire of Japan against

Variants

• Nakajima Type PE –

Private-venture experimental aircraft with Nakajima Ha. 1a engine.

• Nakajima Ki-27

Prototype version with armament in response to IJAAF specs, two aircraft built.

• Nakajima Ki-27-Kai Prototype

Pre-production units with armament and heavier Ha. 1b engine, 10 aircraft built.

• Ki-27a (Army Type 97 Fighter)

First production version. Approximately 565 aircraft built.

• Ki-27a-Kai

Trainer version converted from existing production. Approximately 150 aircraft converted.

• Ki-27b (Army Type 97b Fighter)

Improved version with an improved canopy, oil cooler and provision for 4 x 25 kg (55 lb) bombs or fuel tanks under the wings. A total of 1,492 built, including 50 by Tachikawa Aircraft Company Ltd. was an aircraft manufacturer in the Empire of Japan, specializing primarily in aircraft for the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force.

• Ki-27b-Kai

Trainer version converted from existing production. Approximately 225 aircraft converted.

• Nakajima Ki-27-Kai

Experimental lightened version developed as an interim solution when Ki-43 development was delayed, top speed 475 km/h (295 mph); two aircraft built.

• Mansyu Ki-79

Trainer version, built by Manshūkoku Hikōki Seizo KK with a Hitachi Ha. was an aircraft company in Manchukuo in the 1930s producing a variety of mostly military aircraft and aircraft components 13a engine. A total of 1,329 aircraft built in four sub-versions (Ki-79a, b, c and d).

Operators

World War II

•  Japan
  • Imperial Japanese Army Air Force
•  Manchukuo
  • Manchukuo Air Force
  • Reformed Government of the Republic of China
•  Thailand
  • Royal Thai Air Force

Post-War

•  China:
  • Republic of China Air Force
•  Indonesia
  • In 1945, Indonesian People's Security Force (IPSF) (Indonesian pro-independence guerrillas) captured a small number of aircraft at numerous Japanese air bases, including Bugis Air Base in Malang (repatriated 18 September 1945). For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The (IJAAF was the land-based Aviation force of the Imperial Japanese Army. Manchukuo (ja [[wikt満州国 満州国]] Manshūkoku lit "State of Manchuria " was a Puppet state in Manchuria and eastern The was established in February 1937 initially with 30 men selected from the Manchukuo Imperial Army and trained at the Japanese Kwantung Army aircraft arsenal in Harbin The was a Japanese Puppet state that existed from 1938 to 1940 during the Second Sino-Japanese War. The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj The Royal Thai Air Force or RTAF ( Thai: กองทัพอากาศไทย Kong Thab Akat Thai is the Air force of the Kingdom of Thailand REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Republic of China Air Force Personnel53000 The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. Malang is the second largest city in East Java province Indonesia and will be established as the fourth largest city in Indonesia in 2008. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Most aircraft were destroyed in military conflicts between the Netherlands and the newly proclaimed-Republic of Indonesia during the Indonesian National Revolution of 1945-1949. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. Timeline of the Indonesian National RevolutionThe Indonesian National Revolution or Indonesian War of Independence was an armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between

Survivors

• One Ki-27 is known to be preserved at the Tachiarai Peace Memorial Museum^[2]

Specifications (Ki-27a)

General characteristics

• Crew: one, pilot
• Length: 7. 53 m (24 ft 8 in)
• Wingspan: 11. The wingspan (or just span) of an airplane or a Bird, is the distance from the left wingtip to the right wingtip 30 m (37 ft 1 in)
• Height: 3. 35 m (11 ft 7 in)
• Wing area: 18. 61 m² (200. 3 ft²)
• Empty weight: 1,174 kg (2,588 lb)
• Loaded weight: 1,598 kg (3,523 lb)
• Max takeoff weight: 1,790 kg (3,946 lb)
• Powerplant: 1× Nakajima Ha-1 Otsu air-cooled radial engine, 485 kW (650 hp)

Performance

• Maximum speed: 444 km/h (275 mph)
• Cruise speed: 350 km/h (218 mph)
• Range: 630 km (390 mi)
• Service ceiling 10,040 m (32,940 ft)
• Rate of climb: 15. The Maximum Takeoff Weight or Maximum Takeoff Mass of an Aircraft is the maximum weight at which the pilot of the aircraft is allowed to attempt to take off The Nakajima Ha-1 Kotobuki was an aero-engine developed by Nakajima In Aviation, V-speeds or Velocity-speeds are standard terms used to define Airspeeds important or useful to the operation of Aircraft, such In Aviation, V-speeds or Velocity-speeds are standard terms used to define Airspeeds important or useful to the operation of Aircraft, such The maximal total range is the distance an Aircraft can fly between Takeoff and Landing, as limited by fuel capacity in powered aircraft or cross-country In Aeronautics, a ceiling is the maximum Density altitude an aircraft can reach under a set of conditions In Aerodynamics, the rate of climb RoC is the speed at which an Aircraft increases its Altitude. 3 m/s (3,010 ft/min)
• Wing loading: 86 kg/m² (18 lb/ft²)
• Power/mass: 0. In Aerodynamics, wing loading is the loaded weight of the aircraft divided by the area of the wing Power-to-weight ratio (specific power is a calculation commonly applied to Engines and other mobile power sources to enable the comparison of one unit or design to another 30 kW/kg (0. 18 hp/lb)

Armament

• 2 × 7. 7 mm Type 89 machine guns, 500 rounds/gun or 1 x 12. Type 89 refers to two families of unrelated Imperial Japanese Army aircraft machine guns 7 machine gun and 1 x 7. 7 machine gun on later models

External bomb load of 220 pounds

See also

• List of military aircraft of Japan
  

Related development

• Nakajima Ki-11
• Nakajima Ki-12
• Nakajima Ki-43
  

Comparable aircraft

• Fokker D.XXI
• Polikarpov I-16
• Seversky P-35
  

References

Notes

Bibliography