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The "Netziv"
The "Netziv"

Rabbi Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin (נפתלי צבי יהודה ברלין also known as Reb Hirsch Leib Berlin, 1817- 10 August 1893) was the Rosh yeshiva of the Volozhin yeshiva and author of several works of rabbinic literature in Lithuania. Rabbi (pronunciation, although in English usually) in Judaism, means a religious ‘teacher’ or more literally ‘my great one’ when addressing any master Year 1817 ( MDCCCXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 612 BC - Killing of Sinsharishkun, King of Assyrian Empire Year 1893 ( MDCCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Rosh yeshiva, ( pl. Heb. Roshei yeshiva; Yeshivish Rosh yeshivas) (ראש ישיבה is the title given to the dean of The Volozhin Yeshiva, also known as Etz Chaim Yeshiva, was a Yeshiva in the town of Volozhin (today part of Belarus) founded in 1803 by Rabbi Rabbinic literature, in its broadest sense can mean the entire spectrum of Rabbinic writings throughout Jewish history Lithuanian Jews (known in Yiddish and Yeshivish as Litvish (adjective or Litvaks (noun are Ashkenazi Jews with roots in the His name is commonly abbreviated by its consonants as Netziv (נציב, which can also mean "pillar").

Contents

Biography

Rabbi Berlin was born into a family of Jewish scholars renowned for its Talmudic scholarship. The Talmud ( Hebrew: he תַּלְמוּד is a record of Rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs and history His father Jacob, while not a rabbi, was a Talmudic scholar; his mother was directly descended from Rabbi Meir Eisenstadt. Meir ben Izsak Eisenstadt (also Meir Ash c 1670&ndash1744 was the author of Responsa and other works of Rabbinic literature. Although initially a weak student, legend has it that Rabbi Berlin applied himself to his studies after overhearing his parents debating whether he should pursue a trade.

His first wife was the daughter of Rabbi Yitzchok of Volozhin, the son of Rabbi Chaim Volozhin. Rabbi Chaim Ben Yitzchok (Chaim Ickovits or Chaim Volozhin (חיים מוולוז'ין also Chaim Volozhiner or Chaim of Volozhin) ( January His second wife was his niece, a daughter of Rabbi Yechiel Michel Epstein, the author of the Aruch haShulchan. Yechiel Michel Epstein (1829-1908 often called "the Aruch ha-Shulchan " (after his main work Aruch HaShulchan) was a Rabbi and Posek A son from his first marriage, Rabbi Chaim Berlin, became the rabbi of Moscow, a daughter married Rabbi Refael Shapiro, and his son from his second marriage was Rabbi Meir Berlin (later Bar-Ilan). Chaim Berlin (1832 Volozhin &ndash 1912 Jerusalem) (חיים ברלין was an Orthodox Rabbi and Chief rabbi of Moscow Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Rabbi Refael Shapiro (1837&ndash1921 was the famed Rosh Yeshiva of the Volozhin yeshiva and a son-in-law of Rabbi Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin Meir Berlin, later Hebraized to Meir Bar-Ilan, (1880-1949 born Volozhin, Lithuania, died Jerusalem, Israel) was an Orthodox

Rabbi Berlin led the yeshiva in Volozhin (in what is presently Belarus), then the largest institution of its kind, from 1854 to its closure in 1892. Valozhyn, Vałožyn or Volozhin (Вало́жын va'ɫoʐɨn Воло́жин Wołożyn וואלאזשין is a town in the Minsk Province of Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east Year 1854 ( MDCCCLIV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Year 1892 ( MDCCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Despite the destruction (twice) of the town and the yeshiva building in large fires, its enrollment increased steadily under his leadership, and the yeshiva would produce a number of prominent rabbinic figures who led Eastern European Jewry until World War II. Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Amongst them was Rabbi Shimon Shkop. Rabbi Shimon Shkop (1860-1940 was a Rosh yeshiva ("dean" in the Telshe yeshiva and a renowned Talmudic scholar

In Volozhin, his leadership was contested by the popular Rabbi Joseph Dov (Yoshe Ber) Soloveitchik, whose style of Torah study differed substationally from Rabbi Berlin's. Torah study is the study by Jewish people of the Torah, Hebrew Bible, Talmud, Responsa, Rabbinic literature and similar Rabbi J. D. Soloveitchik ultimately became rabbi of Slutsk, Warsaw and Brisk, where he founded the rabbinical dynasty that still carries his name. Slutsk (Слуцк Слуцк Sluckas is a town in Belarus, located on the Sluch River 105 km south of Minsk. Warsaw (Warszawa; also known by other names) is the Capital and Largest city of Poland.

In 1892, the Volozhin yeshiva shut down. Year 1892 ( MDCCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year There are several explanations and differing versions of events:

  1. Russian authorities (influenced by Haskalah elements) sought to introduce a limited program of secular studies into the yeshiva. The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya Haskalah ( Hebrew: השכלה "enlightenment" "education" from sekhel " Intellect " "mind") the Jewish Enlightenment As this would seriously undermine the aims of the institution, Rabbi Berlin saw no other solution than to let the government close the yeshiva. A variation on this version is that Rabbi Berlin may have been willing to accept the secular studies but not in the manner it was presented by the authorities, with one historical record describing government requirements such as: "All teachers of all subjects must have college diplomas . A diploma (from Greek δίπλωµα diploma, meaning "folded paper" is a Certificate or Deed issued by an educational institution . . no Judaic subjects may be taught between 9 AM and 3 PM . . . no night classes are allowed . . . total hours of study per day may not exceed ten. "
  2. The yeshiva was closed due to its own internal upheaval. This internal strife was caused by Rabbi Berlin's attempt to install his son as Rosh Yeshiva. Recently available Russian governmental documents of the time clearly point to this conclusion, as described in the publications of Shaul Stampfer.

In any event, after the closure, Rabbi Berlin traveled to Vilna and other cities, trying to clear the yeshiva's debt.

In the last few months of Rabbi Berlin's life he suffered from diabetes and the consequences of a stroke. Diabetes mellitus (ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz or /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtəs/ /məˈlaɪtəs/ or /ˈmɛlətəs/ often referred to simply as diabetes ( Ancient Greek: grc A stroke is the rapidly developing loss of brain functions due to a disturbance in the blood vessels supplying blood to the brain While he intended to travel to the Land of Israel, his medical condition made this impossible. For other uses see Israel (disambiguation The Land of Israel ( Hebrew: אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל Eretz Yisrael) is He spent his last weeks in Warsaw, and is interred in a cemetery there. Warsaw (Warszawa; also known by other names) is the Capital and Largest city of Poland.

Views and influence

Rabbi Berlin had a traditionalist approach to Torah study that was at odds with the highly analytical style of lomdus ("learned intellectual analysis") that was pioneered by Soloveitchik. Torah study is the study by Jewish people of the Torah, Hebrew Bible, Talmud, Responsa, Rabbinic literature and similar

Politically, he favored Jewish settlement of the Land of Israel (Eretz Yisrael), then under the control of the Ottoman Empire; he was initially a member of the Chovevei Tzion movement (founded by his contemporary Rabbi Zvi Hirsch Kalisher), but later distanced himself from them. For other uses see Israel (disambiguation The Land of Israel ( Hebrew: אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל Eretz Yisrael) is The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Hovevei Zion is also a popular Israeli musical group Hovevei Zion (חובבי ציון also known as Hibbat Zion (חיבת ציון Zvi (Zwi Hirsch Kalischer ( March 24 1795 - October 16 1874) was an Orthodox German Rabbi and one of Zionism

Bibliography

Sources

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