| Myopathy Classification and external resources | |
| ICD-10 | G71. - G72. |
|---|---|
| ICD-9 | 359.4 - 359.9 |
| DiseasesDB | 8723 |
| eMedicine | emerg/328 |
| MeSH | D009135 |
In medicine, a myopathy is a neuromuscular disease in which the muscle fibers do not function for any one of many reasons, resulting in muscular weakness. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision ( ICD -10) is a coding of diseases and signs symptoms abnormal findings G00-G99 - Diseases of the Nervous system (G00-G09 Inflammatory diseases of the Central nervous system ( Bacterial meningitis G00-G99 - Diseases of the Nervous system (G00-G09 Inflammatory diseases of the Central nervous system ( Bacterial meningitis The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. The Diseases Database is a free Website that provides information about the relationships between medical conditions Symptoms, and Medications. eMedicine is an online clinical medical knowledge base that was founded in 1996 by Scott Plantz and Richard Lavely two medical doctors Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the A disease is an abnormal condition of an organism that impairs bodily functions and can be deadly Skeletal muscle is a type of Striated muscle, which usually attaches to tendons Muscle weakness (or "lack of strength" is a direct term for the inability to exert force with one's Muscles to the degree that would be expected given the individual's "Myopathy" simply means muscle disease (myo- Greek μυσ "muscle" + -pathy Greek "suffering"). Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly This meaning implies that the primary defect is within the muscle, as opposed to the nerves ("neuropathies" or "neurogenic" disorders) or elsewhere (e. Neuropathy is a medical term usually short for Peripheral neuropathy. The nervous system is a Network of specialized cells that communicate information about an animal's surroundings and itself g. , the brain etc. ). Muscle cramps, stiffness, and spasm can also be associated with myopathy. Cramps, sometimes called Charley horses are unpleasant often painful sensations caused by contraction or over shortening of Muscles Cramps can be caused by cold Stiffness is the resistance of an elastic body to Deformation by an applied Force. A spasm is a sudden involuntary contraction of a Muscle, a group of muscles or a hollow organ, or a similarly sudden Contraction of an Orifice
Classes
Because myopathy is such a general term, there are several classes of myopathy. . . . (ICD-10 codes are provided where available. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases )
- (G71. 0) Dystrophies (or muscular dystrophies) are a subgroup of myopathies characterized by muscle degeneration and regeneration. Muscular dystrophy (MD refers to a group of genetic, Hereditary Muscle diseases that cause progressive muscle weakness Clinically, muscular dystrophies are typically progressive, because the muscles' ability to regenerate is eventually lost, leading to progressive weakness, often leading to use of a wheelchair, and eventually death, usually related to respiratory weakness. A wheelchair is a wheeled Mobility device in which the user sits
- Examples include duchenne muscular dystrophy, an x-linked condition affecting the dystrophin gene (Xp 21). Duchenne muscular dystrophy is characterised by promixal muscle weakness, seen most commonly by difficulty walking, using gower's manouvre to stand, and hypertrophy of the calf muscles. It is typically found around the age of 4, and sufferers are wheelchair bound by the age of 10. It severely limits lifespan, as most patients die in their early twenties of respiratory complications.
- other congential muscular dystrophies include - Limb-girdle dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy, fascio-scapular-humeral dystrophy, and distal.
- (G71. 1) Myotonia
- (G71. Myotonia is a symptom of a small handful of certain Neuromuscular disorders characterized by the slow relaxation of the muscles after voluntary contraction or electrical stimulation Neuromyotonia, also known as Isaacs' Syndrome, is spontaneous muscular activity resulting from repetitive motor unit action potentials of peripheral origin 2) The congenital myopathies do not show evidence for either a progressive dystrophic process (i. Congenital myopathy is a term for any muscle disorder present at birth e. , muscle death) or inflammation, but instead characteristic microscopic changes are seen in association with reduced contractile ability of the muscles. Among others, different congenital myopathies include:
- (G71. 2) nemaline myopathy (characterized by presence of "nemaline rods" in the muscle),
- (G71. Nemaline myopathy (also called rod myopathy or nemaline rod myopathy) is a Congenital, Hereditary neuromuscular disorder that causes muscle 2) multi/minicore myopathy (characterized by multiple small "cores" or areas of disruption in the muscle fibers),
- (G71. 2) centronuclear myopathy (or myotubular myopathy) (in which the nuclei are abnormally found in the center of the muscle fibers) is a rare muscle wasting disorder that occurs in three forms:
- The most severe form is present at birth, which is inherited as an X-linked genetic trait, and can cause severe respiratory muscle weakness. Centronuclear myopathies (CNM are a group of Congenital Myopathies where cell nuclei are abnormally located in skeletal muscle cells Centronuclear myopathies (CNM are a group of Congenital Myopathies where cell nuclei are abnormally located in skeletal muscle cells In Cell biology, the nucleus (pl nuclei; from Latin la ''nucleus'' or la ''nuculeus'' "little nut" or kernel is a membrane-enclosed Wasting could also mean unefficient and/or uneffective consumption. A congenital disorder is a disease or disorder that is present at birth Sex linkage is the phenotypic expression of an Allele that is related to the chromosomal sex of the individual This is the form of centronuclear myopathy currently referred to as myotubular myopathy. Centronuclear myopathies (CNM are a group of Congenital Myopathies where cell nuclei are abnormally located in skeletal muscle cells Centronuclear myopathies (CNM are a group of Congenital Myopathies where cell nuclei are abnormally located in skeletal muscle cells
- A less severe form of centronuclear myopathy that may present itself at birth or in early childhood progresses slowly and is inherited as an autosomal recessive genetic trait. Centronuclear myopathies (CNM are a group of Congenital Myopathies where cell nuclei are abnormally located in skeletal muscle cells
- The least severe of the three forms of centronuclear myopathy first appears during the second and third decades of life and is slowly progressive; it is inherited as an autosomal dominant genetic trait. Centronuclear myopathies (CNM are a group of Congenital Myopathies where cell nuclei are abnormally located in skeletal muscle cells
- (G71. 3) Mitochondrial myopathies are due to defects in mitochondria, which provide a critical source of energy for muscle. Mitochondrial myopathy are a type of Myopathy associated with Mitochondrial disease. In Cell biology, a mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a membrane-enclosed Organelle found in most eukaryotic cells.
- (G72. 3) Familial periodic paralysis
- (G72. Periodic paralysis is a group of rare genetic diseases that lead to weakness or paralysis (rarely death from common triggers such as cold heat high Carbohydrate meals not 4) Inflammatory myopathies are caused by problems with the immune system attacking components of the muscle, leading to signs of inflammation in the muscle. Inflammation ( Latin, inflamatio, to set on fire is the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli such as Pathogens
- (G73. 6) Metabolic myopathies result from defects in biochemical metabolism that primarily affect muscle
- (G73. 6/E74. 0) Glycogen storage diseases may affect muscle
- (G73. Glycogen storage disease (synonyms glycogenosis, dextrinosis) is any one of several inborn errors of metabolism that result from Enzyme defects 6/E75) Lipid storage disorder
- (M33. Lipid storage disorders (or lipidoses) are a group of inherited metabolic disorders in which harmful amounts of Lipids (fats accumulate in some of 0-M33. 1)
- Dermatomyositisis the same as polymyositis, but also shows skin changes - a violaceous periorbital rash, facial erythema, blue or red patches on the knuckles, ragged nail folds and dilated nail capilliaries. Dermatomyositis (DM is a connective-tissue disease related to Polymyositis (PM that is characterized by Inflammation of the muscles and the skin (M33. 2)
- polymyositis which has tender, weak muscles, a mild normocytic anaemia, raised creatinine kinase and inflammatory markers and shows short polyphasic action potentials on EMG. Polymyositis is a type of Inflammatory myopathy, related to Dermatomyositis and Inclusion body myositis. it is treated by immunosupressants like corticosteroids or azathioprine.
- inclusion body myositis, and related myopathies
- (M61) Myositis ossificans
- (M62. Sporadic inclusion body myositis ( sIBM) is an inflammatory Muscle Disease, characterized by slowly progressive weakness and wasting of the Myositis ossificans comprises two syndromes characterized by Heterotopic ossification (calcification of muscle 89) Rhabdomyolysis and (R82. Rhabdomyolysis is the rapid breakdown ( Lysis) of Skeletal muscle tissue ( rhabdomyo) due to injury to muscle tissue 1) myoglobinurias
- Common muscle (R25. Myoglobinuria is the presence of Myoglobin in the urine usually associated with Rhabdomyolysis or muscle destruction 2) cramps and (M25. Cramps, sometimes called Charley horses are unpleasant often painful sensations caused by contraction or over shortening of Muscles Cramps can be caused by cold 6) stiffness, and (R29. Stiffness is the resistance of an elastic body to Deformation by an applied Force. 0) tetany
Treatments
Because different types of myopathies are caused by many different pathways, there is no single treatment for myopathy. Tetany is a medical sign the involuntary contraction of Muscles caused by diseases and other conditions that increase the Action potential frequency Treatments range from treatment of the symptoms to very specific cause-targeting treatments. Drug therapy, physical therapy, bracing for support, surgery, and even acupuncture are current treatments for a variety of myopathies. Medication, also referred to as medicine, can be loosely defined as any substance intended for use in the diagnosis cure mitigation treatment or prevention of disease Surgery (from the χειρουργική cheirourgikē, via chirurgiae meaning "hand work" is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental History Antiquity In China, the practice of acupuncture can perhaps be traced as far back as
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