| Mygalomorphs | ||||||||||||
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 Missulena bradleyi, the Mouse Spider
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| 15 families | ||||||||||||
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Mecicobothriidae |
The Mygalomorphae, (also called the Orthognatha), are an infraorder of spiders. Mouse spiders are Spiders of the genus Missulena, in the mygalomorph family Actinopodidae. Arthropods are Animals belonging to the Phylum Arthropoda (from Greek ἄρθρον arthron, " Joint " Arachnids are a class ( Arachnida) of joint-legged Invertebrate Animals in the subphylum Chelicerata. Spiders are Predatory Invertebrate Animals that have two body segments, eight legs no chewing mouth parts and no wings Spiders are Predatory Invertebrate Animals that have two body segments, eight legs no chewing mouth parts and no wings Spider taxonomy is the Alpha taxonomy of the Spiders members of the Araneae order of the arthropod Dwarf tarantulas, also known as sheet funnel-web spiders are a type of spider from the family Mecicobothriidae. The Microstigmatidae are a small spider family with about thirteen species in seven genera The spider family Hexathelidae, the only family in the super-family Hexatheloidea, is one of two families (along with Dipluridae) of spiders known Funnel-web tarantulas (super-family Dipluroidea, family Dipluridae) like other mygalomorphs, have two pairs of Booklungs and Fangs The Nemesiidae are a Spider family of the suborder Mygalomorphae, and the only member of the superfamily Nemesioidea. Tarantula is the common name for a group of hairy and often very large Spiders belonging to the family Theraphosidae, of which approximately 900 species The baldlegged spiders ( Paratropididae) are a small Spider family with eight species The Brushed trapdoor spiders (family Barychelidae) are a Spider family with about 300 species in 44 genera The atypical tarantulas or purseweb spiders (family Atypidae) consist of only three genera. The folding trapdoor spiders ( Antrodiaetidae) are a small Spider family with about 30 species in three genera The wafer trapdoor spiders (superfamily Cyrtauchenioidea, family Cyrtaucheniidae) are a widespread family of Spiders that lack Idiopidae (superfamily Idiopoidea are a mygalomorph Spider family Trapdoor spiders (superfamily Ctenizoidea, family Ctenizidae) are medium-sized Mygalomorph Spiders that construct The tree trapdoor spiders ( Migidae) are a Spider family with about 90 species in 10 genera The spider family Actinopodidae is a family of mygalomorph spiders found in Australia, South America, and Central America. Spider taxonomy is the Alpha taxonomy of the Spiders members of the Araneae order of the arthropod This article is about the taxonomic rank for the sequence of species in a taxonomic list see Taxonomic order In scientific classification used Spiders are Predatory Invertebrate Animals that have two body segments, eight legs no chewing mouth parts and no wings The latter name comes from the orientation of the fangs which point straight down and do not cross each other (as opposed to araneomorph). The Cheliceral fang of a Spider is so called because the Chelicerae of spiders consist of two parts, one containing all or part of the glands that produce The Araneomorphae are a Suborder of Spiders They are distinguished by having Chelicerae (fangs that point diagonally forward and cross in a pinching action
Contents |
Description
This suborder includes the heavy bodied, stout legged spiders popularly known as tarantulas as well as the dangerous Australasian funnel-web spiders. Tarantula is the common name for a group of hairy and often very large Spiders belonging to the family Theraphosidae, of which approximately 900 species Australian funnel-web spiders are very venomous Spiders of the family Hexathelidae.
Like the "primitive" Mesothelae, they have two pairs of book lungs, and downward pointing chelicerae. Primitive is a descriptive term often used in the field of Evolution to describe particular Species or traits that are characteristic of an older evolutionary The Mesothelae are a suborder of Spiders (Order Araneae that includes the extinct families Arthrolycosidae and Arthromygalidae and the only Extant A book lung is a type of Respiration organ used for atmospheric gas exchange and is found in Arachnids such as Scorpions and Spiders Each of these The Chelicerae are mouth parts of the Chelicerata, an Arthropod Subphylum that includes Arachnids, Merostomata Because of this, the two groups were once believed to be closely related. Later it was realized that the common ancestors of all spiders had these features (Symplesiomorphy), and that the mygalomorphs just retained them, while the closely related araneomorphs evolved new features (including a cribellum) (Coddington & Levy, 1991). A symplesiomorphy or symplesiomorphic character is in Cladistics a trait which is shared (a symmorphy between two or more taxa, but which is also shared A cribellum is a kind of comb-like device in certain Spiders used to separate fibers of Silk drawn from its Spinnerets into many extremely fine fibers giving
Almost all species of Mygalomorphae have eight eyes, however there are some with fewer (Masteria lewisi has only six eyes). Masteria is a genus of mygalomorph spiders that occurs in the tropics of Central to South America, Asia and Micronesia
They have ample venom glands that lie entirely within their chelicerae, but only spiders of the Australian genus Atrax can be really harmful to humans. The black wishbone spider ( Aname atra) is a mygalomorph spider of South Australia. The Nemesiidae are a Spider family of the suborder Mygalomorphae, and the only member of the superfamily Nemesioidea. This article is about the class of Biotoxins For other uses see Venom (disambiguation and Venomous (disambiguation. The Chelicerae are mouth parts of the Chelicerata, an Arthropod Subphylum that includes Arachnids, Merostomata Australian funnel-web spiders are very venomous Spiders of the family Hexathelidae. Their chelicerae and fangs are large and powerful. Occasionally members of this suborder will even kill small fish, small mammals, etc. Fish are aquatic Vertebrate animals that are typically ectothermic (previously Cold-blooded) covered with scales, and equipped with two Mammals ( class Mammalia) are a class of Vertebrate Animals characterized by the presence of Sweat glands, including sweat glands
While the world's biggest spiders are mygalomorphs - Theraphosa blondi (Latreille, 1804) has a body length of 10 cm, and a leg span of 28 cm - some species are less than one millimeter long. The goliath bird eating spider (also called the birdeater) ( Theraphosa blondi) is an arachnid belonging to the Tarantula family and is the largest Mygalomorphs are capable of spinning at least slightly adhesive silk, and some build elaborate capture webs that approach a meter in diameter (Coddington & Levy, 1991).
Unlike Araneomorphae, which die after about a year, Mygalomorphae can live for up to 25 years, and some don't reach maturity until they are about six years old. The Araneomorphae are a Suborder of Spiders They are distinguished by having Chelicerae (fangs that point diagonally forward and cross in a pinching action [1] Some flies in the family Acroceridae which are endoparasites of mygalomorphs may remain dormant in the book lungs for as long as 20 years before beginning their development and consuming the spider. Acroceridae is a small family of odd looking flies most closely related to Nemestrinidae. Parasitism is a type of symbiotic relationship between Organisms of different Species.
Evolution
Megarachne servinei was thought to be a giant mygalomorph from the Upper Carboniferous (ca. The Red legged purseweb spider ( Sphodros rufipes) is an endangered mygalomorph spider from the southern USA, though it has been photographed as far The atypical tarantulas or purseweb spiders (family Atypidae) consist of only three genera. Megarachne servinei was an Upper Carboniferous ( Pennsylvanian) Eurypterid found near Córdoba Argentina. The Carboniferous is a geologic period and system that extends from the end of the Devonian period about 359 350 million years ago), but was later found to be an eurypterid (Selden et al. The eurypterids (sea scorpions include the largest known Arthropod that ever lived (with the possible exception of Arthropleuridae) , 2005a). Thus, the oldest known mygalomorph is Rosamygale grauvogeli Selden & Gall, 1992 (Hexathelidae) from the Triassic of north-east France. The spider family Hexathelidae, the only family in the super-family Hexatheloidea, is one of two families (along with Dipluridae) of spiders known The Triassic is a geologic period and system that extends from about 251 to 199 Ma (million years ago No mygalomorphs from the Jurassic have yet been found. The Jurassic is a geologic period and system that extends from about Ma (million years ago to Ma that is from the end of the Triassic to the beginning (Selden et al. , 2005b).
Distribution
Most members of this infraorder occur in the tropics and subtropics, but their range can extend farther north, e. The Tropics are centered on the Equator and limited in Latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere at approximately 23°26' (23 The subtropics are the zones of the Earth immediately north and south of the tropic zone which is bounded by the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of g. into the southern and western regions of the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
Only few species occur in Europe. These are of the families Atypidae, Nemesiidae, Ctenizidae, Hexathelidae, Theraphosidae and Cyrtaucheniidae, together with only a dozen species. The atypical tarantulas or purseweb spiders (family Atypidae) consist of only three genera. The Nemesiidae are a Spider family of the suborder Mygalomorphae, and the only member of the superfamily Nemesioidea. Trapdoor spiders (superfamily Ctenizoidea, family Ctenizidae) are medium-sized Mygalomorph Spiders that construct The spider family Hexathelidae, the only family in the super-family Hexatheloidea, is one of two families (along with Dipluridae) of spiders known Tarantula is the common name for a group of hairy and often very large Spiders belonging to the family Theraphosidae, of which approximately 900 species The wafer trapdoor spiders (superfamily Cyrtauchenioidea, family Cyrtaucheniidae) are a widespread family of Spiders that lack
However, it is suggested that the Mygalomorphae were distributed world-wide before the breakup of Pangaea (Selden et al. Pangaea, Pangæa or Pangea (pænˈdʒiːə from παν pan, meaning entire, and Γαῖα Gaea, meaning Earth in , 2005b).
Cladogram of the group[2] |
References
- ^ About Spiders
- ^ Coddington, J. The folding trapdoor spiders ( Antrodiaetidae) are a small Spider family with about 30 species in three genera The atypical tarantulas or purseweb spiders (family Atypidae) consist of only three genera. Dwarf tarantulas, also known as sheet funnel-web spiders are a type of spider from the family Mecicobothriidae. The Microstigmatidae are a small spider family with about thirteen species in seven genera Funnel-web tarantulas (super-family Dipluroidea, family Dipluridae) like other mygalomorphs, have two pairs of Booklungs and Fangs The spider family Hexathelidae, the only family in the super-family Hexatheloidea, is one of two families (along with Dipluridae) of spiders known The Nemesiidae are a Spider family of the suborder Mygalomorphae, and the only member of the superfamily Nemesioidea. The Brushed trapdoor spiders (family Barychelidae) are a Spider family with about 300 species in 44 genera Tarantula is the common name for a group of hairy and often very large Spiders belonging to the family Theraphosidae, of which approximately 900 species The baldlegged spiders ( Paratropididae) are a small Spider family with eight species The wafer trapdoor spiders (superfamily Cyrtauchenioidea, family Cyrtaucheniidae) are a widespread family of Spiders that lack Trapdoor spiders (superfamily Ctenizoidea, family Ctenizidae) are medium-sized Mygalomorph Spiders that construct Idiopidae (superfamily Idiopoidea are a mygalomorph Spider family The spider family Actinopodidae is a family of mygalomorph spiders found in Australia, South America, and Central America. The tree trapdoor spiders ( Migidae) are a Spider family with about 90 species in 10 genera The Araneomorphae are a Suborder of Spiders They are distinguished by having Chelicerae (fangs that point diagonally forward and cross in a pinching action A. 2005. Phylogeny and Classification of Spiders. In D. Ubick, P. Paquin, P. E. Cushing, and V. Roth (eds. ) Spiders of North America: an identification manual, American Arachnological Society. 377 pages. Chapter 2, pp. 18-24.
Other sources
- Raven, R. J. (1985). The spider infraorder Mygalomorphae: Cladistics and systematics. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 182:1-180.
- Coddington, J. A. & Levi, H. W. (1991). Systematics and Evolution of Spiders (Araneae). Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 22:565-592.
- Goloboff, P. A. (1993). A Reanalysis of Mygalomorphae Spider Families (Araenae). American Museum Novitates 3056. PDF
- Selden, P. A. , Corronca, J. A. & Hünicken, M. A. (2005). The true identity of the supposed giant fossil spider Megarachne. Biology Letters 1: 44-48. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2004.0272
- Selden, P. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. A. , da Costa Casado, F. & Vianna Mesquita, M. (2005). Mygalomorph spiders (Araneae: Dipluridae) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Lagerstätte, Araripe Basin, North-east Brazil. Palaeontology 49(4): 817-826. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00561.x
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