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Musical compositions

Main article: :Category:Musical compositions

A piece of music exists in the form of a written composition in musical notation or as a single acoustic event (a live performance or recorded track). Musical composition is an original piece of Music the structure of a musical piece the process of creating a new Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. The term musical form refers to two related concepts the type of composition (for example a musical work can have the form of a Symphony, a See also Modern musical symbols Music notation or musical notation is any system which represents aurally perceived Music through the use Acoustic music refers to music that solely or primarily uses instruments which produce sound through entirely acoustic means as opposed to Electronic means If composed before being performed, music can be performed from memory, through written musical notation, or through a combination of both. See also Modern musical symbols Music notation or musical notation is any system which represents aurally perceived Music through the use Compositions comprise musical elements, which vary widely from person to person and between cultures. Improvisation is the act of composing immediately before or during the performance, assembling musical elements "spontaneously and eruptedly. Improvisation (also called extemporization) is the practice of acting singing talking and reacting of making and creating in the moment and in response to the stimulus of "

Composition as musical form

Main article: musical form

In discussing the structure or organization of a musical work, the composition of that work is generally called its musical form. The term musical form refers to two related concepts the type of composition (for example a musical work can have the form of a Symphony, a The term musical form refers to two related concepts the type of composition (for example a musical work can have the form of a Symphony, a These techniques draw a parallel to art's formal elements. Sometimes, the entire form of a piece is through-composed, meaning that each part is different, with no repetition of sections; other forms include strophic, rondo, verse-chorus, or other parts. Music is described as through-composed when it is relatively continuous non- sectional and/or non- Repetitive. In Music, strophic form (or chorus form) is a sectional and/or Additive way of structuring a piece of Music based on the Rondo, and its French equivalent rondeau, is a word that has been used in Music in a number of ways most often in reference to a Musical form Verse-chorus form is a Musical form common in Popular music and predominant in rock since the 1960s Some pieces are composed around a set scale, where the compositional technique might be considered the usage of a particular scale. In Music, a scale is a group of musical notes collected in ascending and descending order that provides material for or is used to conveniently represent part or all Others are composed during performance (see improvisation), where a variety of techniques are also sometimes used. Improvisation (also called extemporization) is the practice of acting singing talking and reacting of making and creating in the moment and in response to the stimulus of Some are used from particular songs which are familiar.

Important in tonal musical composition is the scale for the notes used, including the mode and tonic note. In Music, a scale is a group of musical notes collected in ascending and descending order that provides material for or is used to conveniently represent part or all In Music, the term note has two primary meanings 1 a sign used in Musical notation to represent the relative duration and pitch of a Sound; In Music, a scale is an ordered series of Musical intervals which along with the key or tonic, define the pitches However mode The tonic is the first note of a musical scale in the tonal method of Musical composition. When playing or reading classical notated music, only the key signature (a designated set of notes in scale) matters. Classical music is a broad term that usually refers to mainstream music produced in or rooted in the traditions of Western liturgical and Secular music See also Modern musical symbols Music notation or musical notation is any system which represents aurally perceived Music through the use In Musical notation, a key signature is a series of sharp or flat symbols placed on the staff, designating notes that are to be consistently In music using twelve tone techniques, the tone row is even more comprehensive a factor than a scale. Twelve-tone technique (also dodecaphony, especially in British usage twelve-note composition) is a method of musical composition devised by Arnold In Music, a tone row or note row ( German: Reihe or Tonreihe) also series and set, refers to a non-repetitive Similarly, music of the Middle East employs compositions that are rigidly based on a specific mode (such as the dorian, phrygian, mixolydian, and locrian scales), often within improvisational contexts, as does Indian classical music in both the Hindustani and the Carnatic systems, gamelans of Java and Bali, and much music in Africa. The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. Due to historical confusion Dorian mode or Doric mode can refer to two very different Musical modes or Diatonic scales Greek The Phrygian mode can refer to two different Musical modes or Diatonic scales the ancient Greek Phrygian mode and the Mediaeval Phrygian mode The Mixolydian mode is a Musical mode or Diatonic scale. It has the same series of tones and semitones as the Major scale, except The Locrian mode is a Musical mode or Diatonic scale. It may be considered a Minor scale with the second and fifth scale degrees lowered a Semi-tone The origins of Indian classical music can be found from the oldest of Scriptures part of the Hindu tradition the Vedas. Hindustani Classical Music ( Hindi: हिन्दुस्तानी शास्त्रीय संगीत Urdu: ہندوستانی شاستریے سنگیت Carnatic music (also spelled Karnatak music or Karnatik music, and originally called Karṇāṭaka sangīta or Karṇāṭaka sangītam in India A gamelan is a musical ensemble of Indonesia typically featuring a variety of instruments such as metallophones xylophones drums and gongs bamboo flutes bowed and Java (Jawa is an Island of Indonesia and the site of its Capital city Jakarta. Bali is an Indonesian Island located at, the westernmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands, lying between Java to the west and Lombok to

Composing music

People who practice composition are called composers. A composer (literally meaning 'one who puts together' is a person who creates Music, usually in the medium of notation, for Interpretation and Performance Compositional techniques are the methods used to create music. Useful skills in composition include writing musical notation, instrumentation, and handling musical ensembles (orchestration). See also Modern musical symbols Music notation or musical notation is any system which represents aurally perceived Music through the use In Music, the word instrumentation is used to refer to the particular combination of Musical instruments employed in a composition and to the properties A musical ensemble is a group of two or more Musicians who perform instrumental or vocal Music. Orchestration is the study or practice of writing Music for Orchestra (or more loosely for any Musical ensemble) or of adapting for orchestra music composed Other skills include extended techniques such as improvisation, musical montage, preparing instruments, using non-traditional instruments, and other methods of sound production. Improvisation (also called extemporization) is the practice of acting singing talking and reacting of making and creating in the moment and in response to the stimulus of In Music montage (literally "putting together" or sound collage ("gluing together" is a technique where Sound objects or compositions

Compositional instrumentation

Main articles: Instrumentation (music) and Arrangement (music)

The task of instrumenting a composition, called arranging or orchestrating, may be undertaken by the composer or separately by an arranger based on the composer's core composition. In Music, the word instrumentation is used to refer to the particular combination of Musical instruments employed in a composition and to the properties In Music, an arrangement refers either to a rewriting of a piece of existing Music with additional new material or to a fleshing-out of a compositional sketch such In Music, an arrangement refers either to a rewriting of a piece of existing Music with additional new material or to a fleshing-out of a compositional sketch such Orchestration is the study or practice of writing Music for Orchestra (or more loosely for any Musical ensemble) or of adapting for orchestra music composed In Music, an arrangement refers either to a rewriting of a piece of existing Music with additional new material or to a fleshing-out of a compositional sketch such A composition may have multiple arrangements based on such factors as intended audience type and breadth, musical genre or stylistic treatment, recorded or live performance considerations, available musicians and instruments, commercial goals and economic constraints.

Based on such factors, composers or arrangers must decide upon the instrumentation of the original work. In Music, the word instrumentation is used to refer to the particular combination of Musical instruments employed in a composition and to the properties Today, the contemporary composer can virtually write for almost any combination of instruments. In the broadest and popular sense Contemporary music is any music being written in the present day Some common group settings include music for Full Orchestra (consisting of just about every instrument group), Wind Ensemble (or Concert Band, which consists of larger sections and greater diversity of wind, brass and percussion instruments than are usually found in the orchestra), or a chamber group (often called chamber music, which calls for the instrumentation of at least two instruments). An orchestra is an instrumental ensemble, usually fairly large with string brass woodwind sections and possibly a percussion section as well A concert band, also called wind band, symphonic band, symphonic winds, wind orchestra, wind symphony, or wind ensemble A concert band, also called wind band, symphonic band, symphonic winds, wind orchestra, wind symphony, or wind ensemble An orchestra is an instrumental ensemble, usually fairly large with string brass woodwind sections and possibly a percussion section as well Chamber music is a form of Classical music, written for a small group of instruments which traditionally could be accommodated in a palace chamber The composer may also choose to write for only one instrument, in which case this is called a solo. In Music, a solo (from the Italian solo, meaning alone) is a piece or a section of a piece played or sung by a single performer

Composers are not limited to writing only for instruments, they may also decide to write for voice (including choral works, operas, and musicals) or percussion instruments or electronic instruments. For the musical composition see Chorale. A choir, chorale, or chorus is a Musical ensemble of Singers Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto Musical theatre is a form of Theatre combining Music, Songs spoken Dialogue and Dance. An electronic musical instrument is a Musical instrument that produces its sounds using Electronics. Alternatively, as is the case with musique concrète, the composer can work with many sounds often not associated with the creation of music, such as typewriters, sirens, and so forth. Musique concrète ( French; literally "concrete music" is a style of Avant-garde music that relies on recorded sounds including natural

In Elizabeth Swados' Listening Out Loud, she explains how a composer must know the full capabilities of each instrument and how they must complement each other, not compete. Elizabeth Swados (born 1951 is an American Writer, Composer, Musician, and Theatre director. She gives an example of how in an earlier composition of hers, she had the tuba above the piccolo. This would clearly drown the piccolo out, thus giving it no purpose in the composition. Each instrument chosen to be in a piece must have a reason for being there that adds to what the composer is trying to convey within the work

Recomposition

Recomposition is composition which employs prior material so as to comment upon it such as in mash-ups and various contemporary classical works. A mashup or bootleg (also mash up and mash-up) is a song or composition created from the combination of the music from one song with the A cappella It may be thought of as analysis. Musical analysis can be defined as an attempt to answer the Question how does this Music work?. [1]

Legal status

UK

Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 defines a musical work to mean a work consisting of music exclusive of any words or action intended to be sung, spoken or performed with the music. The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 (c 48 also known as the CDPA, is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which received [2]

In the UK, "music" is normally understood by law to include melody, harmony and rhythm. [3]

References

  1. ^ BaileyShea, Matt (2007). "Mignon: A New Recipe for Analysis and Recomposition", Music Theory Online Volume 13, Number 4, December 2007.
  2. ^ Sheet music was held to be covered by the term "book" in the Statute of Anne: see Bach v. Longman [1777] but that merely conferred a right to print and reprint the music
  3. ^ Some countries like Canada have legally defined music as any combination of melody and harmony or either of them, printed or reduced to writing or otherwise graphically reproduced.

See also

External links

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