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This article is about the music of the country Georgia also known as "Sakartvelo. Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between " For information about the US state, see Music of Georgia (U.S. state). Georgia 's musical output includes Southern rap groups like Outkast and Goodie Mob, as well as a wide variety of rock pop and country artists such as

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Folk music

Soviet postage stamp depicting traditional musical instruments of Georgia
Soviet postage stamp depicting traditional musical instruments of Georgia

Georgian folk music possesses what is the oldest tradition of polyphonic music in the world, predating the introduction of Christianity. In Music, polyphony is a texture consisting of two or more independent Melodic voices, as opposed to music with just one voice ( Monophony The history of Georgia began with the rise of the early Georgian states of Colchis and Iberia, which in c

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Tuning

Scales used in traditional Georgian music have, like most European scales, octaves divided into seven tones (eight including the octave), but the spacing of the tones is different. The Georgians (ქართველები kartvelebi) are a Nation and Ethnic group originating in the Caucasus, the oldest group of the The culture of Georgia has evolved over the country's long history providing it with a unique national culture and a strong literary tradition based on the Georgian The Architecture of Georgia is the architecture native to Georgia. The Cinema in Georgia has been noted for its Cinematography in Europe Georgian cuisine is considered one of the main attractions for tourists in Georgia and it is particularly popular throughout the former Soviet Union See also Culture of Georgia There are a number of dances of Georgia, these Folk dances of the Georgian people have a number of purposes The culture of Georgia has evolved over the country's long history providing it with a unique national culture and a strong literary tradition based on the Georgian The Media in Georgia is relatively accessible and caters to a wide variety of audiences Christianity in ancient and feudal Georgia According to tradition when the Apostles were sent out to preach the Gospel to the nations of the world the Apostle Historically Georgia has been famous for its physical education it is known that the Romans were fascinated with Georgians' physical qualities after seeing the training techniques Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between Abkhazia (Аҧсны Apsny აფხაზეთი Apkhazeti or Abkhazeti Абха́зия Abhazia) is a De facto The Adjarians (Ajarians Ajars Adjars Adzhars აჭარლები Ačarlebi) are an ethnographic group of Georgians that mostly live in Adjara The Mingrelians ( Mingrelian: მარგალი margali; მეგრელები megrelebi) are a subethnic group of Georgians that The Svans (სვანები Svanebi) are an ethnographic group of Georgians that mostly live in Svanetia region of Georgia. Christianity in ancient and feudal Georgia According to tradition when the Apostles were sent out to preach the Gospel to the nations of the world the Apostle On Georgian Catholics of Byzantine Rite see Georgian Byzantine-Rite Catholics The Georgian Catholic Church (or Catholic Church in Georgia Islam in Georgia was introduced in 645 AD when an army sent by the Second Caliph of Islam Umar, conquered Eastern Georgia Georgian (ka ქართული ენა kartuli ena) is the Official language of Georgia, a country in the Caucasus. Georgian (ქართული Kartuli) is a South Caucasian, or Kartvelian language spoken by about 4 The Georgian alphabet (ქართული დამწერლობა is the writing system currently used to write the Georgian language and other South Caucasian The history of Georgia began with the rise of the early Georgian states of Colchis and Iberia, which in c In Music, a scale is a group of musical notes collected in ascending and descending order that provides material for or is used to conveniently represent part or all As with most traditional systems of tuning, traditional Georgian folk music uses a just perfect fifth. In music just intonation is any Musical tuning in which the frequencies of Notes are related by Ratios of Whole numbers Any interval The perfect fifth ( is the Musical interval between a note and the note seven Semitones above it on the musical scale Between the unison and the fifth, however, come three evenly-spaced notes, producing a compressed (compared to most European music) major second, a neutral third, and a stretched perfect fourth. A major second () also called a whole step or a whole tone, is a Musical interval that occurs between the first and second degrees of a A neutral third is a Musical interval between a Minor third and a Major third. The perfect fourth () is a Musical interval which spans four scale degrees Likewise, between the fifth and the octave come two evenly-spaced notes, producing a compressed major sixth and a stretched minor seventh. A major sixth ( is the larger of two commonly occurring Musical intervals that span six Diatonic scale degrees A minor seventh ( is the smaller of two commonly occurring Musical intervals that span seven Diatonic scale degrees This system of tuning renders thirds as the most consonant interval after fifths, which resulted in the third being treated as a stable interval in Georgia long before it acquired that status in Western music.

Some consider the Georgian scale a "quintave system" (as opposed to the octave-repeating "octave system"). Due to the neutral tuning within the quintave system, the eighth degree or octave is slightly widened, which often results in a rise in pitch from the beginning of a song to the end.

Because of the influence of the Western music and its different system of tuning, present-day performances of Georgian folk music often employ Western tuning, bringing the seconds, fourths, sixths, and sevenths, and sometimes the thirds as well, closer to where they would lie in a Western scale.

Musical literature and traditions

Georgian folk songs are often centered on feasts called supra, where songs and toasts to God, fatherland, long life, love and other topics. Traditional feast songs include "Zamtari", which is about winter and is sung to commemorate ancestors, and "Mravalzhamier", a joyous hymn. Winter is one of the four Seasons of Temperate zones Calculated astronomically, it begins on the Solstice and ends on the Equinox Work songs are also widespread. A work song is typically a Rhythmic A cappella Song sung by people working on a physical and often repetitive task The orovela, for example is a type of work song found in eastern Georgia. There is also a distinct and rich tradition of Georgian sacred music, both settings of hymns for the Orthodox Church, and folk hymns and ritual songs that contain a great deal of "pagan"? imagery. There are, in addition, many lyric love songs, dance songs, lullabies, and travelling songs, among others.

Choirs are generally entirely male, though some female groups also exist; mixed-gender choirs are rare, but also exist. (An example of the latter is the Zedashe ensemble, based in Sighnaghi, Kakheti. Sighnaghi (Signagi (სიღნაღი is a Town in Georgia 's easternmost region of Kakheti and the administrative center of the Sighnaghi District Kakheti ( Georgian: კახეთი is a province in Eastern Georgia. )

Varieties within the country

Georgia is a small country, but it is very mountainous. For this reason, folk music styles from different regions of Georgia differ very widely, which makes it difficult to speak of characteristics of "Georgian folk music" as a monolithic whole.

Table songs from Kakheti in eastern Georgia usually feature a simple, drone-like bass part with two soloists singing the top two parts. Kakheti ( Georgian: კახეთი is a province in Eastern Georgia. Kakhetian melodies sound like recitative part of the time (with great emphasis on the words, which are highly poetic), and then break into series of ornate, cascading ornaments. The two melody parts do play off each other, but there is not the type of complicated back-and-forth between the parts that one hears in Gurian trio songs. Perhaps the most well-known example of music in Kakhetian style is the patriotic "Chakrulo", which was chosen to accompany the Voyager spacecraft in 1977. See also Voyager 1 and Voyager 2. The Voyager program consists of a pair of unmanned scientific probes Voyager 1 and Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays

In Rach'a and Ajara, male singers accompany themselves on bagpipe. Dissonance is prominent in the west, in Mingrelia and Guria, which also features high pitches and outrageous, yodelling-like vocals called krimanchuli. Megrelia, Mingrelia or Samegrelo / Samargalo (სამეგრელო Samegrelo; Mingrelian: სამარგალო Samargalo For the village in Bangladesh see Guria Bangladesh. Guria (გურია is a region ( Mkhare) in Georgia Yodeling (or yodelling, jodeling) is a form of Singing that involves singing an extended note which rapidly and repeatedly changes in pitch from the Svaneti's traditions are perhaps the oldest and most traditional due to the region's isolation. Svaneti or Svanetia ( Suania in ancient sources (სვანეთი Svaneti) is a historic province in Georgia, in the northwestern part of Svan harmonies are irregular and angular, and the middle voice leads two supporting vocals, all with a narrow range. The 20th century has seen professional choirs achieve renown in Georgia, especially Anzor Erkomaishvili's Rustavi Choir. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on Rustavi Choir is a Polyphonic choir from the nation of Georgia.

Contemporary Georgian music

Georgia is home to a form of urban music with sentimental, lovelorn lyrics, as well as a more rough and crude urban music featuring clarinets, doli and duduks. Urban contemporary is a music Radio format. The term was coined by the late New York DJ Frankie Crocker in the mid 1970s The clarinet is a Musical instrument in the Woodwind family The name derives from adding the suffix -et meaning little to the Italian word The nağara (also called koltuk davulu) is a Turkish folk drum or percussion instrument The duduk (duˈduk is a traditional woodwind instrument of Armenian origins

Folk musical instruments

Wind instruments: larchemi-soinari, salamuri, pilili, gudastviri and stviri

Brass wind instruments: sankeri

String instruments: panduri, chonguri, chunir, chianuri and changi

Percussion instruments: doli, daira and diplipito

References

See also

Suliko (სულიკო is a Georgian female and male name meaning 'soul' Iavnana (იავნანა is a genre of Georgian Folk song, traditionally intended as a Lullaby, but historically sung also as healing songs for the
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