Citizendia
Your Ad Here

Cornwall has been historically Celtic, though Celtic-derived traditions had been moribund for some time before being revived during a late 20th century roots revival. Cornwall ( Kernow ˈkɛɹnɔʊ is the most southwesterly county of England, on the Peninsula that lies to the west of the River Tamar Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts The twentieth century of the Common Era began on A roots revival ( folk revival) is a trend which includes young performers popularizing the traditional musical styles of their ancestors

Celtic music Music of the United Kingdom
Brittany and Northern Spain England
Cornwall Scotland
Man Wales
Ireland Northern Ireland
Celtic Canada and Celtic America Caribbean and Indian

Contents

History

In medieval Cornwall there are records of performances of ‘Miracle Plays’ in the Cornish language, with considerable musical involvement. Celtic music is a term utilised by artists record companies music stores and music magazines to describe a broad grouping of Musical genres that evolved out of the Folk Music from the United Kingdom has lost great popularity since the 1960s when a wave of musicians helped to popularise Rock and roll. Since the early 1970 Brittany has experienced a revival of its Folk music, modernizing and adapting it into Folk rock and other fusion genres The traditional music of Galicia and Asturias has some similarities with the neighbouring areas of Cantabria, León, Castile and northern Scotland is internationally known for its traditional music which has remained vibrant throughout the 20th century when many traditional forms worldwide lost popularity to Pop music The Isle of Man is a small island nation in the Irish Sea, between Great Britain and Ireland. Wales has a strong and distinctive tradition of Folk music related to the Celtic music of countries such as Ireland and Scotland. The folk music of Ireland (also known as Irish traditional music, Irish trad, Irish folk music, and other variants is the generic term for music that has The folk music of Ireland (also known as Irish traditional music, Irish trad, Irish folk music, and other variants is the generic term for music that has Newfoundland See also Music of Newfoundland and Labrador There are very strong connections between Newfoundland folk music and Irish music however elements Irish and Scottish music have long been a major part of American music, at least as far back as the 19th century Music from Trinidad Large-scale Caribbean migration to England began in 1948 The music of India' includes multiple varieties of folk, popular, pop, and classical music. Mystery plays and Miracle plays are among the earliest formally developed plays in Medieval Europe. For the Cornish-English dialect see West Country dialects and List of Cornish dialect words. Also (as frequently mentioned in the Launceston borough accounts) minstrels were hired to play for saints day celebrations. The richest families (including Arundell, Bodrugan, Bottreaux, Grenville, and Edgecumbe) retained their own minstrels, and many others employed minstrels on a casual basis. There were vigorous traditions of morris dancing, mumming, guising, and social dance. [1]

Then followed a long period of contention which included the Cornish Rebellion of 1497, the 1549 Prayer Book Rebellion, the Persecution of Recusants, the Poor Laws, and the Civil War and Commonwealth (1642-1660). The Cornish Rebellion of 1497 was a popular uprising by the people of Cornwall in the far south west of Britain. The Prayer Book Rebellion, Western Rising or Western Rebellion was a popular revolt in Cornwall and Devon, in 1549 The consequences of these events disadvantaged many gentry who had previously employed their own minstrels or patronised itinerant performers. Over the same period in art music the use of modes was largely supplanted by use of major and minor keys. Altogether it was an extended cultural revolution, and it is unlikely that there were not musical casualties. [2]

However, a number of manuscripts of dance music from the period 1750 to 1850 have now been found which tell of renewed patronage, employment of dancing masters, and a repertoire that spanned class barriers. Seasonal and community festivals, mumming and guising all flourished. Guise dancing (sometimes known as goose or geese dancing is a folk practice celebrated between Christmas Day and Twelfth Night (traditionally also Plough Monday [3]

In the 19th century, the nonconformist and temperance movements, frowning on dancing and music, encouraged the demise of many customs, but fostered the choral and brass band traditions. Some traditional tunes were used for hymns and carols. Church Feast Days and Sunday School treats were widespread - a whole village processing behind a band of musicians leading them to a picnic site, where ‘Tea Treat Buns’ (made with smuggled saffron!) were distributed. This left us a legacy of cheerful marches and polkas. Records exist of dancing in farmhouse kitchens, and in fish cellars Cornish ceilidhs called troyls were common, they are analogous to the fest-noz of the Bretons. Troyl is a colloquial Cornish word meaning a barn-dance or Céilidh, a social evening of dance music and song A Fest Noz ( Breton for festival of the night) is a Breton traditional festival similar to a Céilí. Brittany (Breizh bʁejs Bretagne; Gallo: Bertaèyn) is a former independent Celtic kingdom and Duchy, now incorporated into Some community events survived, such as at Padstow and at Helston, where to this day, on May 8th, the townspeople dance the 'Furry Dance’ through the streets, in and out of shops - and even through peoples' houses. Padstow (Lannwedhenek is a small town its great Civil parish and cargo port on the north coast of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom Helston (Hellys or Henlys is a small Town and Civil parish in the Kerrier district of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom Thousands converge on Helston to witness the spectacle. [4]

Folk songs include Sweet Nightingale, Little Eyes, and Lamorna. Sweet Nightingale, also known as "Down in those valleys below" is a Cornish Folk song which probably dates from the Seventeenth Century and is said to be Little eyes or Little Lize (Lil' Lize is a folksong popular in Cornwall but may have originated in America. Lamorna is a traditional folk song associated with Cornwall, and dealing with the courtship of a man and a woman, who turned out to be his wife Few traditional Cornish lyrics survived the decline of the language. In some cases lyrics of common English songs became attached to older Cornish tunes. Some folk tunes have Cornish lyrics written since the language revival of the 1920s. Sport has also been an outlet for many Cornish folk songs, and Trelawny in particular has been taken up an unofficial anthem by Cornish rugby fans. "The Song of the Western Men" was written by Robert Stephen Hawker, and is better known in Cornwall, and overseas by the title of "Trelawny" The term anthem means either a specific form of Anglican church music (in Music theory and religious contexts or more generally a song (or composition of The Cornwall Rugby Football Union (CRFU was formed in 1883 It is a union of 39 rugby clubs which includes every Cornish rugby union club the open age Cornwall representative

Cornish dances include community dances such a 'furry dances', social (set) dances, linear and circle dances originating in karoles and farandoles, and step dances - often competitive. Among the social dances is 'Joan Sanderson’, the cushion dance from the 19th century, but with 17th century origins. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar [5]

Cornish music is often noted for its similarity to that of Britanny; some older songs and carols share the same root as Breton tunes. From Cornwall, Brittany was more easily accessible than London. Breton and Cornish were (and are) mutually intelligible. There was much cultural and marital exchange between the two countries and this influenced both music and dance. [6]

Instrumentation

Cornish musicians have used a variety of traditional instruments. Documentary sources and Cornish iconography (as at Altarnun church on Bodmin Moor and St. Altarnun (Alternonn (ɔːltəˈnʌn is a village and Civil parish in the North Cornwall district of Cornwall, United Kingdom. Bodmin Moor ( Cornish: Goen Bren) is a Granite Moorland in northeastern Cornwall, UK, 208 km² (80 sq mile in size dating Mary's, Launceston suggest a late-medieval line-up might include an early fiddle (crowd), bombarde (horn-pipe), bagpipes and harp. Launceston (Lannstefan the English name is ˈlɔːns(tən /ˈlɑːns(tən/ or /ˈlæns(tən/ usually without the 't' by the Cornish but with by everyone else is The bombarde, or bombard (in Breton is a folk Musical instrument from Brittany and Cornwall that is a cross between an Oboe Bagpipes are a class of Musical instrument, Aerophones using enclosed reeds fed from a constant reservoir of air in the form of a bag The harp is a Stringed instrument which has the plane of its strings positioned perpendicular to the soundboard. The bodhrán (crowdy crawn in Cornish) and fiddle (crowd in Cornish) were popular by the 19th century. The bodhrán (ˈbɔːrɑːn or /ˈbaʊrɑːn/ plural bodhráns or bodhráin) is an Irish Frame drum ranging from 25 to 65cm (10" For the Cornish-English dialect see West Country dialects and List of Cornish dialect words. In the 1920s there was a serious school of banjo playing in Cornwall. The banjo is a Stringed instrument developed by enslaved Africans in the United States, adapted from several African instruments After 1945 accordions became progressively more popular, before being joined by the instruments of the 1980s folk revival. The accordion is a portable box-shaped Musical instrument of the hand-held Bellows -driven free-reed aerophone family sometimes referred to as a Squeezebox In recent years Cornish bagpipes have enjoyed a progressive revival. Cornish bagpipes are a form of Bagpipe once common in Cornwall. [7]

Modern scene

Modern Cornish musicians include the singer Brenda Wootton, the Cornish-Breton family band Anao Atao and the 1980s band Bucca. Brenda Wootton (née Ellery) (1928 - 1994 was a Cornish folk singer and was seen as an ambassador for Cornish tradition and culture In modern pagan mythos the Bucca is the name of a Cornish sea or fertility Deity, transformed from descriptions of the Bucca or spirit inhabiting mines in nineteenth Pioneering [Techno] artist Richard D. James aka Aphex Twin/The Tuss is possibly the most internationally renowned contemporary Cornish musician, regularly naming tracks in the Cornish language. The Tuss is an electronic music group supposedly consisting of Cornish musicians Brian and Karen Tregaskin although there is speculation that these names are aliases for drukqs (sometimes spelled drukQs) is a 2001 Double album by Richard D Along with friend and collaborator Luke Vibert and business partner Grant Wilson-Claridge, James has crafted a niche of 'Cornish Acid' affectionately identified with his home region. Luke Vibert is a British recording artist and producer known for his work in many subgenres of Electronica. Grant Wilson-Claridge is a Record label co-owner from Cornwall, South West England. Bands such as Dalla and Sowena are associated with the noze looan movement of Cornish dance and music, which focuses on audience participation whilst negating the need for a caller. Dalla is a dance band in Cornwall known for providing music for Noze looan dances Noze looan is a style of Cornish-Celtic Dance, and associated music and events similar to the Breton Fest Noz. Troyls (generally with a caller) occur across the county with bands including Asteveryn (formerly Cam Kernewek), the Bolingey Troyl band, Hevva (with Cat in the Bag) and Pyba. Troyl is a colloquial Cornish word meaning a barn-dance or Céilidh, a social evening of dance music and song Skwardya and Krena play rock, punk and garage music in the Cornish language. For the Cornish-English dialect see West Country dialects and List of Cornish dialect words. The Cornwall Songwriters organisation has since 2001 produced two folk operas 'The Cry of Tin' and 'Unsung Heroes'

The Cornwall Folk Festival has been held annually for more than three decades. Other festivals are the pan-Celtic lowender peran and midsummer festival golowan. The culture of Corwall shares much with the Culture of the United Kingdom, but has some distinct customs and traditions Golowan (sometimes also Goluan or Gol-Jowan is the Cornish language word for the Midsummer celebrations in Cornwall, UK Widepsread prior to Cornwall won the PanCeltic Song Contest three years in a row between 2003 and 2005.

References

  1. ^ R. Hays & C. McGee, S. Joyce & E. Newlyn eds. , Records of Early English Drama, Dorset & Cornwall (Toronto, 1999)
  2. ^ M. J. O'Connor, Ilow Kernow 3 (Lyngham House, St. Ervan, 2005)
  3. ^ M. J. O'Connor, An Overview of Recent Discoveries in Cornish Music (Journal of the Royal Institute of Cornwall, Truro, 2007)
  4. ^ Helston, Home of the Furry Dance. Borough of Helston.
  5. ^ Cornish Dancing. An Daras.
  6. ^ K. Mathieson (Ed. ), Celtic music (Backbeat Books, San Francisco, 2001) pp 88-95
  7. ^ Cornish Bagpipes. An Daras.

External Links

See also

List of topics related to Cornwall

This is a list of topics related to Cornwall, United Kingdom.
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic