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Brittany is a Celtic country rich in its cultural heritage. Brittany (Breizh bʁejs Bretagne; Gallo: Bertaèyn) is a former independent Celtic kingdom and Duchy, now incorporated into Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts Though long under the control of France and influenced by French traditions, Brittany has retained and, since the early seventies, revived its own folk music, modernizing and adapting it into folk rock and other fusion genres. Folk music can have a number of different meanings including Traditional music: The original meaning of the term "folk music" was synonymous Folk rock is a musical genre combining elements of Folk music and rock music.

Music of Brittany: Topics
Music of France
Kan ha diskan Kantik
Gwerzioù Sonioù
Chants de marins Chanteurs engagés
Other regions
Alsace - Auvergne - Aquitaine - Pays Basque - Béarn - Brittany - Burgundy - Corsica - Gascony - Languedoc - Limousin - Lorraine - Picardy - Poitou - Provence - Rousillon
Celtic music
in Canada - Cornwall - Man - Ireland - Scotland - Northern Spain - Wales - in the United States

Contents

Traditional Breton music

Traditional Breton folk music includes a variety of vocal and instrumental styles. France has long been considered a center for European Art and Music. Kan ha diskan is likely the most common type of traditional Music of Brittany. Since the early 1970 Brittany has experienced a revival of its Folk music, modernizing and adapting it into Folk rock and other fusion genres Auvergne is a region in France. Its most well-known form of Folk music is that played on the Cabrette ( little goat in Auvergnat) The strict classification of Basque music remains a controversial issue complicated in part by the growing diversification of such music but by and large it may be argued that it is made in Burgundy became a major center for musical development during the Renaissance era. Outside of France, the island of Corsica is perhaps best known musically for its polyphonic choral tradition Gascony is a region of France that has produced several well-known performers and composers of classical, folk and Popular music. The most well-known musician from the Occitan region of Limousin is probably the piper Eric Montbel, a former member of such legendary bands as Lo Jai, Celtic music is a term utilised by artists record companies music stores and music magazines to describe a broad grouping of Musical genres that evolved out of the Folk Newfoundland See also Music of Newfoundland and Labrador There are very strong connections between Newfoundland folk music and Irish music however elements Cornwall has been historically Celtic though Celtic-derived traditions had been Moribund for some time before being revived during a late 20th century Roots revival The Isle of Man is a small island nation in the Irish Sea, between Great Britain and Ireland. Irish Music is the generic term for music that has been created in various genres on the entire island of Ireland, North and South of the border Scotland is internationally known for its traditional music which has remained vibrant throughout the 20th century when many traditional forms worldwide lost popularity to Pop music The traditional music of Galicia and Asturias has some similarities with the neighbouring areas of Cantabria, León, Castile and northern Wales has a strong and distinctive tradition of Folk music related to the Celtic music of countries such as Ireland and Scotland. Irish and Scottish music have long been a major part of American music, at least as far back as the 19th century Purely traditional musicians became the heroes of the roots revival in the 20th century, most importantly the Goadec sisters (Maryvonne, Thasie, and Eugenie). At the end of the 19th century, the vicomte Theodore Hersart de la Villemarqué's collection of largely nationalistic Breton songs, Barzaz Breiz, was also influential, and was partially responsible for preserving Breton traditions. Théodore Claude Henri vicomte Hersart de la Villemarqué (1815-1895 French Philologist and man of letters was born in Quimperlé, on 6 July 1815 Barzaz Breiz ("The Ballads of Brittany" Barz is the equivalent of "bard" and Breiz means "Brittany" is a collection of Breton popular [See Fest Noz Spezet link. ]

Vocal music

Les Traines Meuriennes singing call and response at Mill Góll 2007 in Rennes
Les Traines Meuriennes singing call and response at Mill Góll 2007 in Rennes

Kan ha diskan (roughly translated as call and response singing) is probably the most common type of Breton vocal music, and is the most typical style to accompany dance music. Kan ha diskan is likely the most common type of traditional Music of Brittany. In Music, a call and response is a succession of two distinct phrases usually played by different Musicians where the second phrase is heard as a direct This article is about music for dancing in general You may also be looking for Electronic dance music. It has become perhaps the most integral part of the Breton roots revival, and was the first genre of Breton music to gain some mainstream success, both in Brittany and abroad. A roots revival ( folk revival) is a trend which includes young performers popularizing the traditional musical styles of their ancestors

The lead singer is the kaner, and the second singer is the diskaner. The kaner sings a phrase, and the diskaner sings the last few lines with the kaner, then repeats it alone until the same last few lines, when the kaner again joins in. The phrase's repetition is changed slightly in each execution. Kan ha diskan can be songs about any subject, but must meet one of a number of a meters used in folk dances, mostly line or round. A line dance is choreographed dance with a repeated sequence of steps in which a group of people dance in one or more lines (British English "rows" without regard There are two distinct Dance categories called Round Dance. The specific dances belonging to the first of these categories are often considered to be ethnic, Vocables, or nonsense syllables (typically tra la la la leh no), are sometimes used to drag out lines. In speech, a vocable is an utterance term or Word that is capable of being spoken and recognized. Usually a kan ha diskan lasts from 5 to 20 minutes.

In addition to the Goadecs, the singer Loeiz Ropars was largely responsible for maintaining kan ha diskan's vitality in the middle of the 20th century, and the 1960s and 1970s revivalists drew largely on his work. The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. They also venerated performers like Ar breudeur Morvan and Les soeurs Goadec/Ar c'hoarezed Goadeg. During the folk revival, aspiring musicians sought out elder teachers from whom to learn kan ha diskan, generally being viewed as successful when the student can act as diskaner to his mentor. Teachers of this era included Marcel Guilloux and Yann-Fanch Kemener.

It was, however, Ropars who adapted the fest-noz, a "night party" in rural communities, for a new type of fest-noz (micros for the singers), and set the stage for the folk revival. A Fest Noz ( Breton for festival of the night) is a Breton traditional festival similar to a Céilí.

Kantik

Kantik ("canticle") is a type of religious hymn that is vocal but includes accompaniment from a variety of instruments, commonly including the harp, pipes and organ. The harp is a Stringed instrument which has the plane of its strings positioned perpendicular to the soundboard. The organ (from Greek όργανον – organon "organ instrument tool" is a Keyboard instrument of one or more divisions each Modern performers include Anne Auffret and the choir Ensemble Choral du Bout du Monde.

Gwerzioù and sonioù

Denez Prigent, a gwerz singer
Denez Prigent, a gwerz singer

Gwerzioù and sonioù are the two primary classifications of Breton unaccompanied folk song. Vocals for both types are usually by a soloist. A gwerz is characterized by a very gloomy, morbid tone. The story-line and the lyrics are very important. Typically they describe tragic events such as murders, deaths, wars, forced emigration or lost love.

Performers in this field include Jean Le Meut from Vannes, whose songs are mostly of the sonioù variety, and are typically pastoral songs concerning love and marriage. Vannes (Gwened is a town and commune located in the Morbihan département, in Brittany, in the west of France. More modern singers include Ifig Troadeg, who focuses on lyrically shocking gwerzioù, Patrick Marie, Marthe Vassalo, Klervi Rivière, Mathieu Hamon, Annie Ebrel, Erik Marchand and Denez Prigent. Denez Prigent ( IPA:) born 17 Feb, 1966, is a French singer from Santec, in Finistère ( Breton: Penn

Chants de marins

The chants de marins are shanties (sailor songs), ballads about shipwrecks, sailing and loss of life, accompanied by instruments like the fiddle and accordion. A ballad is a Poem usually set to Music; thus it often is a story told in a Song. The accordion is a portable box-shaped Musical instrument of the hand-held Bellows -driven free-reed aerophone family sometimes referred to as a Squeezebox

Although it is not traditionally Breton, the large number of sailors in this country gave this musical expression a special feature.

The best known modern performers are Djiboudjep and Cabestan, along with numerous but less known bands as Tonnerre de Brest, L'Echo, Les Boucaniers or Taillevent. L'Echo is a Belgian Newspaper, published by Mediafin and mainly distributed in Wallonia and Brussels. Guillaume Tirel, alias Taillevent ( Old French: "slicewind" (born ca There are new composers too : Michel Tonnerre is a well-known modern composer of Chants de marins ; some of his compositions are as famous as ancient songs (Quinze marins, Satanicles, Vire au cabestan, Mon petit garçon).

There is an annual Chants de marins Contest in the small town of Paimpol, in north Brittany, where the most famous shantymen of the world, such as Stan Hugill, meet. Stan (Stanley James Hugill (November 19 1906 - May 13 1992 was a Folk music performer and sea music historian known as the "Last Working Shantyman At any harbour festival in Brittany Chants de marins can usually be heard.

Instrumental music

Since the Breton folk music revival, Scottish bagpipes and Irish harps have been added to the Breton repertoire, though Brittany has its own piping traditions which have been historically unbroken, as well as other instrumental traditions.

Celtic Harp

Alan Stivell, Breton harpist
Alan Stivell, Breton harpist

Though the harp had been common in Brittany in the Middle Ages, the instrument had disappeared by the 18th century. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system Early in the 20th century, a Breton harpist Paul Diverres living in Wales came several times to play in Brittany . The twentieth century of the Common Era began on Just before and after the second World war, Gildas Jaffrenou built a harp from the 14th century plans for the Brian Boru model . Brian mac Cennétig, called Brian Bóruma, ( c 941&ndash23 April 1014 (Brian Boru Brian Bóraimhe was an Irish king who ended the centuries-long domination But this was not enough for a revival.

In 1952-1953, Jord Cochevelou, built a first Breton new-Celtic harp. Since then and during the 50s, the Celtic harp or Breton harp has taken its place back into Breton music thanks to Jord and his son Alan Cochevelou; Alan was the first person to play it in public and became world famous called Alan Stivell. Alan Stivell (born Alan Cochevelou January 6, 1944) is a French musician whose father came from the small town of Gourin, Brittany Alan Stivell (born Alan Cochevelou January 6, 1944) is a French musician whose father came from the small town of Gourin, Brittany

Modern Breton performers include Myrdhin, An Triskell, Kristen Nogues and Dominig Bouchaud.

Violon

The violon (which can mean either fiddle or violin) is an instrument played across France. The violin is a bowed String instrument with four strings usually tuned in Perfect fifths It is the smallest and highest-pitched member Perhaps due to this wide-ranging appeal and lack of regional uniqueness, the instrument was somewhat ignored during the Breton folk revival in the mid-20th century. However, the instrument remains a common part of Breton folk bands today.

The violon has been played in Brittany since at least the 17th century, and was possibly the most widespread instrument in the land by the early 20th century. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar It was only a few decades later, however, that the accordion nearly wiped the violon out, and most fiddlers joined Irish bands, moved into jazz or otherwise left the instrument. The violon survived, however. Alan Stivell has used the fiddle and electric violin in his arrangements and compositions since his first album in 1970, inviting different fiddlers for his tours and records. Alan Stivell (born Alan Cochevelou January 6, 1944) is a French musician whose father came from the small town of Gourin, Brittany It opened the way for a new generation of performers including Christian Le Maître, Jacky Molard and the six-violin band Archétype.

Clarinet

The clarinet was invented in Germany in the 18th century. The clarinet is a Musical instrument in the Woodwind family The name derives from adding the suffix -et meaning little to the Italian word Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. It evolved from earlier single reed instruments such as the renaissance chalumeaux, or shalmei. Clarinets were quickly incorporated into orchestras, from where they moved into marching bands and the amateur musicians in them. An orchestra is an instrumental ensemble, usually fairly large with string brass woodwind sections and possibly a percussion section as well A marching band is in the broadest terms a group of performers that consist of instrumental Musicians and sometimes dance teams / color guard who generally perform By the 19th century, the clarinet had entered a number of folk traditions and spread to many parts of the world. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar In Brittany the instrument is called a treujenn-gaol (Breton) or a trognon d'chou (French), both of which translate as cabbage stalk. The Breton language ( Brezhoneg) formerly often called Armoric or Armorican, is a Celtic language spoken by some of the inhabitants of Brittany French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people

The Breton clarinet usually has only 13 keys (though sometimes as few as six), in contrast to the more common 24 key instrument used in jazz, classical music and other fields. This is because classical musicians discarded the clarinets with fewer keys in favour of more complex and state-of-the-art pieces.

After a decline in use in traditional music, the instrument comes back, notably in the music of the bagad. A bagad is a Breton band composed of Bagpipes ( Breton: biniou, French: Cornemuse Bombardes and Percussion (made

In Breton music, two clarinetists typically play together, though they also play in ensembles with accordions and violins. The accordion is a portable box-shaped Musical instrument of the hand-held Bellows -driven free-reed aerophone family sometimes referred to as a Squeezebox The violin is a bowed String instrument with four strings usually tuned in Perfect fifths It is the smallest and highest-pitched member The clarinet is a common part of Breton jazz bands, along with saxophones and drums, playing both jazz and traditional songs. The saxophone (commonly referred to simply as sax) is a conical- bored transposing Musical instrument considered a member of the Woodwind A drum kit (also drum set or trap set) is a collection of Drums Cymbals and sometimes other Percussion instruments such as cowbells

The best-known Breton clarinetist is probably Erik Marchand, a former member of both Quintet Clarinettes and Gwerz. The bands Tonnerre de Brest, L'Echo, Cabestan and Strobinell also use clarinets. L'Echo is a Belgian Newspaper, published by Mediafin and mainly distributed in Wallonia and Brussels.

Guitar

Like many of the 1960s and 70s folk revivals, Brittany spawned a folk rock scene that used traditional elements in a pop-rock and roll format. A roots revival ( folk revival) is a trend which includes young performers popularizing the traditional musical styles of their ancestors Folk rock is a musical genre combining elements of Folk music and rock music. Rock and roll (also known as rock 'n' roll) is a form of Music that evolved in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s with roots in mostly African Guitars were common by the 1970s, having been a lead instrument since revivalist legend Alan Stivell introducing the American folk guitar style into Breton music in the late 60s, asking first Steve Waring, and Dan Ar Braz, to play with him. This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. Alan Stivell (born Alan Cochevelou January 6, 1944) is a French musician whose father came from the small town of Gourin, Brittany Dan Ar Braz, born Daniel Le Bras (1949 Quimper, Brittany) is a French guitarist and the founder of Héritage des Celtes. After having played acoustic and electric guitars with Alan Stivell, Dan Ar Braz was briefly a member (in 1976 and 1977) of English folk-rock pioneers Fairport Convention. Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays He has continued recording, alongside modern guitarists like Jacques Pellen, Gérard Jaffrès, Soïg Siberil. Gérard Jaffrès is a French Singer, Writer and Performer, born in 1956 in Saint-Pol-de-Léon ( Finistère)

Flutes and whistles

The wooden transverse flute entered Brittany via Ireland relatively recently. The flute is a Musical instrument of the Woodwind family Unlike other woodwind instruments a flute is a Reedless wind instrument that produces its Revivalist legend Alan Stivell was the first noted Breton whistle player, and was followed by the bombarde prodigy who switched instruments, Jean Michel Veillon. Alan Stivell (born Alan Cochevelou January 6, 1944) is a French musician whose father came from the small town of Gourin, Brittany The bombarde, or bombard (in Breton is a folk Musical instrument from Brittany and Cornwall that is a cross between an Oboe Veillon has been a member of a number of prominent bands, including Pennoù Skoulm, Barzaz, Den and Kornog, as well as producing some influential solo albums. Other modern performers include Youenn Le Berre of Gwendal, who plays traditional airs with a jazzy feeling, Carolyn Langelier of Tud, Yannig Alory of Carré Manchot, Yann Herri Ar Gwicher of Strobinell and Hervé Guillo of Storvan.

In addition to the flute, Alan Stivell brought the tin whistle and low whistle into almost all his albums and shows. The tin whistle, also called the tinwhistle, whistle, pennywhistle or Irish whistle, is a simple six-holed Woodwind instrument The tin whistle, also called the tinwhistle, whistle, pennywhistle or Irish whistle, is a simple six-holed Woodwind instrument They have since been used in bands like Tri Yann, Strobinell, Barzaz and by performer Jean-Pol Huellou, sometimes played in competition with South American and Asian flutes. Tri Yann are a French band from Nantes ( Breton: Naoned) in the Départment of Loire-Atlantique, Brittany, who

Accordion

Now the most popular Breton folk instrument, the accordion only arrived in large numbers in the country in about 1875, but its popularity grew quickly. Year 1875 ( MDCCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Among the reasons for this were the instrument's cheapness and durability, and could be played solo, and was easier to learn. Perhaps the most important reason, though, was the instrument's association with couples dancing like waltzes and mazurkas, which stood in stark contrast to the line and round dances familiar in Breton folk; the perceived sexuality of the instrument's common dances may have made it more attractive. The waltz is a ballroom and folk Dance in time, performed primarily in Closed position. The mazurka is a stylized Polish Folk dance in Triple meter with a lively tempo that has a heavy accent on the third or second beat By the 1920s, the instrument was by far more popular than any other. The 1920s is sometimes referred to as the " Jazz Age " or the " Roaring Twenties " when speaking about the United States and Canada

In the 1930s, chromatic accordions arrived in Brittany and jazz-influenced bands with saxophones, drum kits and banjos were formed. The 1930s were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression. Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States The saxophone (commonly referred to simply as sax) is a conical- bored transposing Musical instrument considered a member of the Woodwind A drum kit (also drum set or trap set) is a collection of Drums Cymbals and sometimes other Percussion instruments such as cowbells The banjo is a Stringed instrument developed by enslaved Africans in the United States, adapted from several African instruments These included Yves Menez's Jazz-Menez and modern groups like Tammles, Maubuissons and Ti-Jaz. Other accordionists include Bruno Le Tron, Patrick Lefebvre, Yann Dour, Yann-Fañch Perroches and Alain Pennec.

Bagpipes

A Breton bagad
A Breton bagad

There are two types of bagpipes indigenous to Brittany. The veuze is very similar to other western European bagpipes, while the biniou kozh (old biniou in Breton) is much smaller and was used to accompany the bombarde. Binioù means Bagpipe in the Breton language. There are two kinds of Binioù found in Brittany: the binioù kozh ( kozh The bombarde, or bombard (in Breton is a folk Musical instrument from Brittany and Cornwall that is a cross between an Oboe The biniou, which plays exactly one octave above the bombarde, and bombarde duo (sonner par couple) are an integral and common part of Breton folk music, and was used historically for dancing. In Music, an octave ( is the the use of which is "common in most musical systems The two performers play alternate lines that intersect at the end, in a similar manner to the Kan ha Diskan style of singing; the bombarde does not usually play every line of the tune, however, usually instead playing every other line, or three out of four lines in a dance tune. The Highland bagpipe, which was imported in the late 19th century, is often called binioù braz , sometimes pib-veur (the large biniou, the large pipe). The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar The image to the right shows the binioù braz, or highland bagpipes, with bombardes in the hands of the men in the background.

Veuze

The veuze has a chanter of conical bore fitted with a double reed and a drone fitted with one reed, both attached to a mouth-inflated bag. A double reed is a type of reed used to produce sound in various Wind instruments The term double reed comes from the fact that there are two Its sound and design is similar to Flemish pipes and Galician gaita. The ( Galician) gaita or gaita de fole is a traditional Bagpipe used in Galicia (Spain, and Portugal. In the 20th century, the term veuze came to be applied to the diatonic accordion, which had been recently imported, and the use of the bagpipes declined. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on The accordion is a portable box-shaped Musical instrument of the hand-held Bellows -driven free-reed aerophone family sometimes referred to as a Squeezebox Though still not common, it has rebounded since the Breton folk revival.

Binioù braz
Konan Mevel et Jean-Louis Chevalier of Tri Yann at Aymon Folk Festival 2007.
Konan Mevel et Jean-Louis Chevalier of Tri Yann at Aymon Folk Festival 2007.

The binioù braz (literally the "big binioù"), or Highlands bagpipe, was imported in the late 19th century, and became popular in the 1930s. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar The 1930s were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression. It is now used in solo performances, along with a bombarde in a duo, and as part of the bagad, a kind of pipe band. A bagad is a Breton band composed of Bagpipes ( Breton: biniou, French: Cornemuse Bombardes and Percussion (made A pipe band is a musical ensemble consisting of pipers and Drummers The term used by military pipe bands Pipes and Drums, is also common

The idea of bagad comes from the World War 2: Breton soldiers saw pipe bands in Scotland, and brought the idea and instrument back with them to Brittany. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including There, they added bombardes and drums and called the ensemble bagad (which means "company" in Breton). Those ensembles gained in popularity in the 1950s, just before the folk revival began. The 1950s Decade refers to the years of 1950 to 1959 inclusive They are still very popular and, although they were created recently, are the most prominent part of the Breton music.

The key of the biniou braz, like most highland bagpipes, is usually Bb. This is also the most common key for bombardes, as the instruments play together in the bagadoù.

Binioù kozh

The binioù kozh is more traditional and predates the introduction of the highland bagpipes to Brittany. It was originally designed from the veuze in order to play in a higher register. Its pitch is higher and its chanter smaller than any other European bagpipe. Originally, it was common in the Breton-speaking area. It is often played as part of a duo with the bombarde, for dance accompaniment.

Bombarde

The bombarde or bombard can best be described as a type of oboe. The bombarde, or bombard (in Breton is a folk Musical instrument from Brittany and Cornwall that is a cross between an Oboe "Hautbois" redirects here for the strawberry variety see Hautbois strawberry. It is a 'lip reed' instrument, having an exposed double reed played directly in the mouth. Reeds are mostly made of cane, but some modern makers supply plastic reeds which produce the same strident sound, but with less exertion and more reliability in varying climates.

The bombarde has six open holes and a seventh that is often closed with a key (on the Bflat instruments - smaller bombardes in other keys, such as D, do not need a key)and a range of just over an octave. The Breton word for bombarde is Talabard, and a bombarde player, in Breton, is a Talabarder.

The bombarde has been in use since the 15th century, and has traditionally been played as part of a duo with the biniou kozh since the French Revolution. The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an Later, in the 19th century, the binioù braz (highland bagpipe) was introduced to Brittany and usurped the binou kozh in popularity. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar

Biniou and bombarde duos include Jean Baron and Christian Anneix, Youenn Le Bihan and Patrick Molard and Pierre Crépillon and Laurent Bigot.

The bombarde has also been paired, in recent years, with other instruments not traditionally associated with Breton folk music, such as the organ. There are many contemporary recordings available of this instrument pairing. The sacred music is well served by the clear, strong sound of the bombard, in combination with the traditional organ. The former players Jegat and Yhuel are renowned for this use of the bombard.

Modern Breton music

Undoubtedly the most famous name in modern Breton music is Alan Stivell, who popularized the Celtic harp first in the fifties and sixties and on a wider level since the 1970s, with a series of albums including most famously Renaissance de la Harpe Celtique (1971) . Alan Stivell (born Alan Cochevelou January 6, 1944) is a French musician whose father came from the small town of Gourin, Brittany The harp is a Stringed instrument which has the plane of its strings positioned perpendicular to the soundboard. This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. His first harps were built by his father ; the celtic harp was unknown in Brittany before Alan Stivell. He began playing the bombarde in 1955, a double-reeded shawm (or oboe), and began recording Breton folk, Celtic harp and other Celtic music, mixing influences from American rock and roll and the main musical genres. The bombarde, or bombard (in Breton is a folk Musical instrument from Brittany and Cornwall that is a cross between an Oboe The shawm was a Medieval and Renaissance Musical instrument of the Woodwind family made in Europe from the late 13th century until "Hautbois" redirects here for the strawberry variety see Hautbois strawberry. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Rock and roll (also known as rock 'n' roll) is a form of Music that evolved in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s with roots in mostly African Stivell's most important contribution to the Breton music scene, however, has probably been his importation of rock and other American styles, as well as the formation of the idea of a Breton band. From the album Reflets to the new one Explore, without forget Chemins de Terre (1973), Alan Stivell has made 22 albums and toured all over the world, influencing many musicians everywhere, experimenting many different fusions (Rock, Jazz-rock, Blues, Symphonic, Indian, African, Electro, Hip-hop, etc. Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. ).

Inspired by Stivell, a very large Breton scene grew up, especially after his Olympia concert in 1972. It was a true revolution: hundred of bands, thousand of musicians, of Festoù-noz, etc. grew in the year after. Bands like Kornog and Gwerz arose, adapting elements of the Irish and Scottish Celtic music scene. Celtic music is a term utilised by artists record companies music stores and music magazines to describe a broad grouping of Musical genres that evolved out of the Folk

The most famous group of Breton musicians after Alan Stivell is Tri Yann, from Nantes (their original name is Tri Yann an Naoned, literally "the Three John's from Nantes"). Tri Yann are a French band from Nantes ( Breton: Naoned) in the Départment of Loire-Atlantique, Brittany, who Nantes (Naoned Gallo: Naunnt) is a city in western France, located on the Loire River, from the Atlantic coast They formed in 1972 and still remain very popular, describing themselves as producing progressive rock-folk-celto-medieval music! They have produced some musical gems, now standards, like "Les filles des Forges", "Les prisons de Nantes", "La Jument de Michao", "Pelot d'Hennebont", and new interpretation of Irish music, like "Cad é sin don té sin", "Si mort a mors" (originally An Cailín Rua), "La ville que j'ai tant aimée" (from "The town I loved so well"), "Mrs McDermott" (from the 17th-century Irish harpist Ó Carolan) and "Kalonkadour" (from "Planxty Irwin"). Turlough Carolan ( Irish name Toirdhealbhach Ó Cearbhalláin, 1670 - March 25, 1738) was a blind Itinerant Early

Soldat Louis at the Festival des Terre-Neuvas in Bobital, France, 2007
Soldat Louis at the Festival des Terre-Neuvas in Bobital, France, 2007

Another famous band is Soldat Louis, from Port Louis, across the harbour from the city of Lorient. Lorient, or L'Orient, (An Oriant is a commune and a Seaport in the Morbihan département, of Brittany. More rock-oriented, they play modern compositions about Brittany and life on the sea ("Du rhum, des femmes", "Martiniquaise", "Pavillon noir").

Since then, a new scene of Breton songwriters appeared in Brittany (Nolwenn Korbell, Dom Duff, . Nolwenn Korbell is a singer from Brittany. She was born into a Breton speaking family and has recorded not only in Breton but also in French . . ).

There are also in the North-Finistère, the singer Gérard Jaffrès who invented a new style of music, the Celtic rock'n'roll. This is about the direction for other uses see North (disambiguation. Finistère (Penn-ar-Bed is a département of France, located in Brittany ( Breizh in Breton and Bretagne Gérard Jaffrès is a French Singer, Writer and Performer, born in 1956 in Saint-Pol-de-Léon ( Finistère) Celtic music is a term utilised by artists record companies music stores and music magazines to describe a broad grouping of Musical genres that evolved out of the Folk Rock and roll (also known as rock 'n' roll) is a form of Music that evolved in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s with roots in mostly African

Besides folk-rock, recent groups have included, as well as Alan Stivell, world music influences into their repertoires - especially younger groups such as Wig-a-Wag. Alan Stivell (born Alan Cochevelou January 6, 1944) is a French musician whose father came from the small town of Gourin, Brittany Hip hop with a Celtic flavour has been espoused by groups such as Manau. Hip hop music, also referred to as rap music, is a Music genre typically consisting of a rhythmic vocal style called rap which is accompanied with Manau may refer to Manau (group Manau Nepal

In the US, the group Trouz Bras("Big Noise") is led by Welshman Ray Price. The group is based in Rhode Island and features fiddle, bouzouki, bodhran and percussion, electric bass and vocals, along with Ray Price's bagpipes and dulcimer.

Brittany hosts many annual rock and pop festivals, not related to traditional music. The biggest in Brittany, and one of the most important in France, is the Festival des Vieilles Charrues (held in late July in Carhaix, Finistère). The Vieilles Charrues Festival (In French: Festival des Vieilles Charrues(Literally: Old Ploughs Festival is held every year in mid-July in the city of Carhaix See also the Route du Rock (mid-August, Saint-Malo) and the Transmusicales of Rennes, held in early December. Saint-Malo ( Breton: Sant-Maloù; Gallo: Saent-Malô) is a walled port city in Brittany in northwestern Les Transmusicales is a 3-day Music festival held annually in Rennes, Brittany, France Started in 1978 the main parts of the Rennes ( Gallo: Resnn, Roazhon Condate Condate Riedonum is a city in the east of Brittany in northwestern

Chanteurs engagés

A chanteur engagé (literally [ideologically] engaged singer) is a singer that is roughly analogous to a singer of protest songs. A protest song is a Song which Protests against perceived problems in Society. These songs are usually nationalistic, and are celebrations of Breton culture. This is mostly a modern tradition, though some older songs of this type are known and the tradition stretches into the ancient past of Brittany. Chanteurs engagés are often also singers of more traditional material.

The first chanteur engagé to be quoted is the maverick Glenmor (1931-1996), or to give him his real name, Emile Le Scanf (or Milig Ar Scañv in Breton). He had some influence, mainly in the Breton movement and around, and on some new-comers as the best known, Gilles Servat, whose "La Blanche Hermine" has been a popular Breton anthem since the 1970s. Gilles Servat is a French singer born in Tarbes in southern France in 1945 into a family whose roots lay in the Nantes region of Brittany This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. Tri Yann also may be considered as a groupe engagé, militing for social issues and for the reunion of Nantes to Brittany, since Nantes was formerly the capitole of the Breton Duchy and is now detached. Tri Yann are a French band from Nantes ( Breton: Naoned) in the Départment of Loire-Atlantique, Brittany, who Nantes (Naoned Gallo: Naunnt) is a city in western France, located on the Loire River, from the Atlantic coast

Gallo

Bébert Huchait et les Vilaïnes Bétes singing in Gallo at Mont Dol in 2007
Bébert Huchait et les Vilaïnes Bétes singing in Gallo at Mont Dol in 2007

Though the Breton folk revival focused on songs in the Breton and songs in French, the Pays Gallo area of Brittany (the region on the border with France) has seen a more limited revival in repertoire in Gallo and produces singers and groups including Ôbrée Alie, Yann Dour, while various bands, such as Tri Yann, perform a selection of Gallo songs. The Breton language ( Brezhoneg) formerly often called Armoric or Armorican, is a Celtic language spoken by some of the inhabitants of Brittany Gallo is a regional language of France. Gallo is a Romance language, one of the oïl languages. Tri Yann are a French band from Nantes ( Breton: Naoned) in the Départment of Loire-Atlantique, Brittany, who

Breton musicians

References

Films

External links


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