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Will F. Jenkins
Born June 16, 1896
Norfolk, Virginia
Died June 08, 1975
Gloucester, Virginia
Pen name Murray Leinster, William Fitzgerald, Louisa Carter Lee
Occupation Novelist, Short Story writer
Nationality United States
Genres Fantasy, Science Fiction, Horror fiction, Mystery fiction, Western fiction, general Pulp fiction
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Murray Leinster (June 16, 1896 in Norfolk, Virginia- June 8, 1975) was a nom de plume of William Fitzgerald Jenkins, an award-winning American writer of science fiction and alternate history. Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses. Year 1896 ( MDCCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Norfolk is an Independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Gloucester Courthouse is a Census-designated place (CDP in and the County seat of Gloucester County, Virginia, United States. The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state A pen name, nom de plume, or literary double, is a Pseudonym adopted by an Author or their publishers to conceal their identity Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story The short story is a literary genre of Fictional Prose Narrative that tends to be more concise and to the point than longer works of fiction such Nationality is a relationship between a Person and their State of Origin, Culture, association Affiliation and/or Loyalty The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A literary genre is a category of literary composition Genres may be determined by Literary technique, tone, Content, or even (as in the case of fiction Fantasy literature is Fantasy in written form Historically speaking the majority of fantasy works have been literature Horror fiction is broadly Fiction in any medium intended to scare unsettle or horrify the audience Western fiction is a genre of literature set in the American Old West between the years of 1860 and 1900 Pulp magazines (or pulp fiction; often referred to as "the pulps" were inexpensive Fiction magazines Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses. Year 1896 ( MDCCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Norfolk is an Independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A pen name, nom de plume, or literary double, is a Pseudonym adopted by an Author or their publishers to conceal their identity The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A writer is anyone who creates a written work although the word usually designates those who write creatively or professionally as well as those who have written in many different forms Alternate history or alternative history is a subgenre of Speculative fiction (or Science fiction) and Historical fiction He wrote and published over 1,500 short stories and articles, 14 movie and hundreds of radio scripts and television plays.

Contents

Writing career

Leinster began his career as a free-lance writer before World War I; he was two months short of his 20th birthday when his first story, "The Foreigner", appeared in the May 1916 issue of H. L. Mencken's literary magazine The Smart Set. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All For the nonprofit The Smart Set see The Smart Set (TSS The Smart Set was a Literary magazine founded in America in March Over the next three years, Leinster published ten more stories in the magazine. During and after World War I, he began appearing in pulp magazines like Argosy, Snappy Stories, and Breezy Stories. Pulp magazines (or pulp fiction; often referred to as "the pulps" were inexpensive Fiction magazines He continued to appear regularly in Argosy into the 1950s. When the pulp magazines began to diversify into particular genres in the 1920s, Leinster followed suit, selling jungle stories to Danger Trails, westerns to West and Cowboy Stories, detective stories to Black Mask and Mystery Stories, horror stories to Weird Tales, and even romance stories to Love Story Magazine under the pen name Louisa Carter Lee. Black Mask was a Pulp magazine launched in 1920 by journalist H Weird Tales is an American Fantasy and Horror fiction Pulp magazine first published in March 1923.

Leinster's first science fiction story, "The Runaway Skyscraper", appeared in the February 22, 1919 issue of Argosy, and was reprinted in the June 1926 issue of Hugo Gernsback's first science fiction magazine, Amazing Stories. "The Runaway Skyscraper" is a Science fiction Short story by Murray Leinster that first appeared in the February 22 1919 issue of Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Hugo Gernsback ( August 16 1884 – August 19 1967) born Hugo Gernsbacher, was a Luxembourg American Inventor Amazing Stories was an American Science fiction magazine launched in April 1926 by Hugo Gernsback 's Experimenter Publishing. In the 1930s, he published several science fiction stories and serials in Amazing and Astounding Stories (the first issue of Astounding included his story "Tanks"). Analog Science Fiction and Fact is an American Science fiction Magazine. He continued to appear frequently in other genre pulps such as Detective Fiction Weekly and Smashing Western, as well as Collier's Weekly beginning in 1936 and Esquire starting in 1939. Collier's Weekly was an American Magazine founded by Peter Fenelon Collier and published from 1888 to 1957 Esquire is a Men's magazine by the Hearst Corporation with a strong literary tradition [1]

Leinster is credited with the invention of parallel universe stories. Parallel universe or alternative reality is a self-contained separate reality coexisting with one's own Four years before Jack Williamson's The Legion of Time came out, Leinster published his "Sidewise in Time" in the June 1934 issue of Astounding. John Stewart Williamson ( April 29, 1908 – November 10, 2006) who wrote as Jack Williamson (and occasionally under the Pseudonym "Sidewise in Time" is a Science fiction Short story by Murray Leinster that was first published in the June 1934 issue of Astounding This was probably the first time that the concept of alternate worlds appeared in modern science fiction. Leinster's vision of extraordinary oscillations in time ('sidewise in time') had a long-term impact on other authors, for example Isaac Asimov's "Living Space", "The Red Queen's Race", and The End of Eternity. Isaac Asimov (c January 2 1920 &ndash April 6 1992 ˈaɪzək ˈæzɪmʌv originally Исаак Озимов but now transcribed into Russian as, was a Russian Living Space is a Science fiction Short story by Isaac Asimov. The Red Queen's Race is a Science fiction Short story by Isaac Asimov that uses the Red Queen's race from Lewis Carroll The End of Eternity by Isaac Asimov is a Science fiction novel with mystery and thriller elements on the subjects of Time

Leinster was one of the few science fiction writers from the 1930s to survive in the John W. Campbell era of higher writing standards, publishing over three dozen stories in Astounding and Analog under Campbell's editorship. John Wood Campbell Jr (June 8 1910 – July 11 1971 was an important Science fiction editor and writer The last story by Leinster in Analog was "Quarantine World" in the November 1966 issue, thirty-six years after his appearance in the premier January 1930 issue.

Murray Leinster's 1946 short story "A Logic Named Joe" contains one of the first descriptions of a computer (called a "logic") in fiction. "A Logic Named Joe" is a Science fiction Short story by Murray Leinster that was first published in the March 1946 issue of Astounding In the story, Leinster was decades ahead of his time in imagining the Internet. The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks He envisioned logics in every home, linked through a distributed system of servers (called "tanks"), to provide communications, entertainment, data access, and commerce; one character says that "logics are civilization. A server is a Computer dedicated to providing one or more services over a computer network typically through a request-response routine "[2]

After World War II, when both his name and the pulps had achieved a wider acceptance, he would use either "William Fitzgerald" or "Will F. Jenkins" as names on stories when "Leinster" had already sold a piece to a particular issue.

Leinster continued publishing in the 1950s and 1960s, appearing in Galaxy Magazine and The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, as well as The Saturday Evening Post. Galaxy Science Fiction was a digest-size Science fiction magazine, the creation of noted editor H The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction (later Fantasy & Science Fiction and usually referred to as just F&SF) is a digest-size The Saturday Evening Post was a weekly Magazine published in the United States from August 4, 1821 to February 8, He won a Hugo Award for his 1956 story "Exploration Team". The Hugo Awards are given every year for the best Science fiction or Fantasy works and achievements of the previous year Exploration Team is a Science fiction novelette by Murray Leinster. Leinster ended his writing career writing novelizations of episodes of the science fiction series Men Into Space, The Time Tunnel, and Land of the Giants. Men Into Space is the name of a half-hour American Television series broadcast in black and white in 1959 and 1960 by The Time Tunnel is a 1966–1967 US color Science fiction TV series. Land of the Giants is an hour-long American Science fiction Television program lasting two seasons beginning on September 22,

Personal life

During World War I, Leinster served with the Committee of Public Information and the United States Army (1917-1918). The Committee on Public Information, also known as the CPI and the Creel Committee, was an independent agency of the Government of the United States The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. In 1921, he married Mary Mandola, and the two had four daughters. During World War II, he served in the Office of War Information. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The United States Office of War Information (OWI was a US government agency created during World War II to consolidate government information services [1]

Legal action against Paramount Pictures

In 2000, Leinster's heirs sued Paramount Pictures over the film Star Trek: First Contact, claiming that as the owners of the rights to Leinster's 1945 short story "First Contact", it infringed their trademark in the term. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture production and Distribution company, based in Hollywood California. Star Trek First Contact is a 1996 Science fiction film and the eighth feature film based in the ''Star Trek'' fictional universe A trademark or trade mark, represented by the symbols ™ and ®, or mark is a distinctive sign or indicator used by an individual The U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia granted Paramount's motion for summary judgment and dismissed the suit. The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia is one of two United States district courts serving the Commonwealth of Virginia. For the simplification and shortening of a longer text see Summary. [3] The court found that regardless of whether Leinster's story first coined the phrase, it had since become a generic and therefore unprotectable term that described the genre of science fiction in which humans first encounter alien species. A genericized trademark (also known as a generic trademark or proprietary eponym) is a Trademark or Brand name that has become the colloquial Even if the title was instead "descriptive"—a category of terms higher than "generic" that may be protectable—there was no evidence that the title had the required association in the public's mind (known as "secondary meaning") such that its use would normally be understood as referring to Leinster's story. The Second Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the lower court's dismissal without comment. The United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit is one of the thirteen United States Courts of Appeals.

Other endeavors

Jenkins was also an inventor, best known for the front projection process used in special effects. A front projection effect is an in-camera Visual effects process in Film production for combining foreground performance with pre-filmed background footage The illusions used in the Film, Television, Theater, or Entertainment industries to simulate the imagined events in a story are traditionally called

Honors and awards

Bibliography

Novels

Far East

Sword of Kings, John Long, 1933.

Mystery

Romance

as Louisa Carter Lee

Science Fiction

Western

Story Collections

References

  1. ^ a b Smith, Curtis C. "The Runaway Skyscraper" is a Science fiction Short story by Murray Leinster that first appeared in the February 22 1919 issue of (1981). Twentieth Century Science Fiction Writers. New York: St. Martin's, 325-327. ISBN 0312824203.  
  2. ^ Jenkins, Will F. (March 1946), “A Logic Named Joe”, Astounding 37 (1): 139-155 
  3. ^ Estate of William F. Jenkins v. Paramount Pictures Corp., 90 F. Supp. 2d 706 (E.D. Va. 2000)

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