Murong Nuohebo (慕容諾曷鉢) (d. 688), regal title Wudiyebaledou Khan (烏地也拔勒豆可汗) or, in short, Ledou Khan (勒豆可汗), Tang Dynasty noble title Prince of Qinghai (青海王), was the last khan of the Xianbei/Qiang/Tibetan state Tuyuhun. For the submarine see Los Angeles class submarine. ---- Events By Place Europe Emperor Justinian II The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by The Xianbei ( were a significant nomadic people residing in Manchuria and eastern Mongolia, or Xianbei Shan. The Tibetan people are indigenous to Tibet and surrounding areas stretching from Central Asia in the North and West to Myanmar and China Proper He had become khan in 635 after his grandrfather, the Busabo Khan Murong Fuyun and his father, the Gandou Khan Murong Shun, had both been killed in the same year: Murong Fuyun during a Tang invasion and Murong Shun assassinated by his own people in the aftermaths of the Tang conquest. Events By Topic Religion Saint Aidan founds Lindisfarne in Northumbria, England Murong Fuyun (慕容伏允 (597-635 formal title Busabo Khan (步薩鉢可汗 was a ruler of the Xianbei / Qiang / Tibetan state Tuyuhun Murong Shun (慕容順 (d 635 regal title Zhugulüwugandou Khan (趉故呂烏甘豆可汗 or in short Gandou Khan (甘豆可汗 Tang Dynasty noble Murong Nuohebo's control over his people was initially tenuous and required Tang military affirmation on at least two occasions, but once his control was firmer, he faced the threat of Tufan to the southwest. Definitions of Tibet See also Definitions of Tibet Name In English The English word Tibet, like the word for Tibet in most European In 663, unable to stand Tufan pressure, he took his people and requested refuge in Tang territory, and by 672, Tufan had taken over all of former Tuyuhun territory. Events By Place Byzantine Empire Byzantine Emperor Constans II invades south Italy. Events By Place Europe Wamba succeeds Reccaswinth as king of the Visigoths. The Tuyuhun people were settled within Tang territory, and Murong Nuohebo was made a Tang prefect. While he continued to carry the title of khan until his death in 688, typically, Tuyuhun was considered destroyed by either 663 or 672. For the submarine see Los Angeles class submarine. ---- Events By Place Europe Emperor Justinian II Events By Place Byzantine Empire Byzantine Emperor Constans II invades south Italy. Events By Place Europe Wamba succeeds Reccaswinth as king of the Visigoths.
Contents |
Background
It is not known when Murong Nuohebo was born. In 635, his grandfather, the Busabo Khan Murong Fuyun, who had been aggravating China's Tang Dynasty for years with border raids, drew a Tang reprisal attack, commanded by the general Li Jing, and was killed in flight. Events By Topic Religion Saint Aidan founds Lindisfarne in Northumbria, England Murong Fuyun (慕容伏允 (597-635 formal title Busabo Khan (步薩鉢可汗 was a ruler of the Xianbei / Qiang / Tibetan state Tuyuhun Chinese civilization originated in various city-states along the Yellow River ( valley in the Neolithic era The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by Li Jing (李靖 Pinyin: Lǐ Jìng ( 571 - July 2, 649) né Yaoshi (藥師/药师 Pinyin: Yàoshī formally Murong Nuohebo's father Murong Shun surrendered and was created the Gandou Khan to succeed Murong Fuyun, but as Murong Shun had spent years in China during Sui Dynasty and his mother was Sui's Princess Guanghua, he was considered too sinicized and not supported by the people. Murong Shun (慕容順 (d 635 regal title Zhugulüwugandou Khan (趉故呂烏甘豆可汗 or in short Gandou Khan (甘豆可汗 Tang Dynasty noble The Sui Dynasty ( 581 - 618 AD and in the undertaking of other construction projects including the reconstruction of the Great Wall. Sinicization, Sinicisation or Sinification, (in Mandarin: 中国化 Zhōngguóhuà) is the linguistic assimilation or Late in 635, he was assassinated. Murong Nuohebo, who was said to be young (although his age by that point is unknown), and who carried the title of Prince of Yan, became khan. Emperor Taizong of Tang sent the general Hou Junji with Tang troops to help Murong Nuohebo pacify the Tuyuhun people. Emperor Taizong of Tang ( January 23, 599 &ndash July 10 649) personal name Lǐ Shìmín ( was the second emperor of the Hou Junji (侯君集 (d April 29, 643) was a major general and chancellor of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, particularly known
Reign
In spring 636, Murong Nuohebo sent emissaries to Tang, offering to submit as a vassal and sent a younger brother or brothers to serve as hostage. Events By Place Byzantine Empire August 20 — Battle of Yarmuk: Khalid ibn al-Walid 's victory against the Emperor Taizong created him the dual titles of Prince of Heyuan and Wudiyebaledou Khan (or Ledou Khan in short).
By 638, however, Tuyuhun was under constant attack by Tufan, whose ruler Songtsän Gampo had become hostile toward Tuyuhun because he thought Murong Nuohebo had interfered with his attempt to seek a Tang princess in marriage, and his attacks captured much of Tuyuhun's people and forced the rest north of the Qinghai Lake. Events By Place Asia The Muslims capture Jerusalem, Antioch, Caesarea Maritima and Akko Definitions of Tibet See also Definitions of Tibet Name In English The English word Tibet, like the word for Tibet in most European Songtsän Gampo ( Tibetan: སྲོང་བཙན་སྒམ་པོ་ Wylie: Srong-btsan Qinghai Lake ( Hanyu Pinyin: Qīnghăi hú) historically known as Kokonor (from the Mongolian name is a Salt lake situated in Tufan forces then attacked Tang as well, but were repelled by the Tang general Niu Jinda (牛進達), and, after receiving agreement from Emperor Taizong that a princess would be given to Songtsän Gampo in marriage, withdrew. (That princess, Princess Wencheng, would eventually marry Songtsän Gampo in 641. Princess Wencheng ( Tibetan: Mung-chang Kungco Chinese: 文成公主 Pinyin: Wénchéng Gōngzhǔ (d Events By Place Europe Chindaswinth deposes Tulga, and becomes king of the Visigoths. )
In 639, Murong Nuohebo visited the Tang capital Chang'an. Events By Place Europe Clovis II succeeds Dagobert I as king of the Franks in Neustria and Burgundy Chang'an ( is an ancient Capital of more than ten dynasties in Chinese history. Emperor Taizong created the daughter of a clansman as Princess Honghua and gave her to Murong Nuohebo in marriage.
In or before 641, Murong Nuohebo's prime minister, the Prince of Xuan, had taken control of the government, and he planned to attack Princess Honghua and then seize her and Murong Nuohebo and surrender to Tufan. Events By Place Europe Chindaswinth deposes Tulga, and becomes king of the Visigoths. When Murong Nuohebo heard of this plot, he fled to his general the Prince of Weixin, then stationed at Shanshan. ----------------------------------------- Shanshan ( is the Chinese name for a kingdom that existed roughly from 200 BCE-1000 CE at the north-eastern end of the Taklamakan The Tang officer Xi Junmai (席君買) took this opportunity to ambush the Prince of Xuan and killed him and two of his brothers. Tuyuhun, however, was said to be thrown into a state of confusion, and Emperor Taizong sent the official Tang Jian (唐儉) to help Murong Nuohebo pacify the people.
In 652, Murong Nuohebo and Princess Guanghua both visited Chang'an, and Emperor Taizong's son and successor Emperor Gaozong created the daughter of a clansman the Lady of Jincheng and married her to Murong Nuohebo's oldest son Murong Sudumomo (慕容蘇度摸末). Events By Place Europe Rodoald succeeds his father Rothari as king of the Lombards. Background and life as Prince of Jin Li Zhi was born in 628 He was the ninth son of his father Emperor Taizong, and the third son of his mother Emperor Taizong's wife (At a later point, after Murong Sudumomo died, Emperor Gaozong created another daughter of a clansman the Lady of Jinming and married her to Murong Nuohebo's second son Murong Talumomo (慕容闒盧摸末). )
Flight to Tang territory
Meanwhile, the relationship between Tuyuhun and Tufan appeared to be largely peaceful for years, but in 660, the Tufan prime minister Lu Dongzan (祿東贊) had his son Qizheng (起政) resume attacks against Tuyuhun, on account of Tuyuhun's submission to Tang. Events By Place Europe Slavic principality of Carantania is first mentioned in historical sources Both Tufan and Tuyuhun sent emissaries to Tang accusing each other and asking for Tang assistance. Emperor Gaozong declined both requests. However, Tuyuhun was weakening in light of Tufan attacks, and in 663, the situation was exacerbated when the Tuyuhun official Suhe Gui (素和貴), accused of crimes, fled to Tufan and revealed many secrets about Tuyuhun. Events By Place Byzantine Empire Byzantine Emperor Constans II invades south Italy. Tufan forces thereafter attacked Tuyuhun and defeated Tuyuhun forces. Murong Nuohebo and Princess Honghua abandoned Tuyuhun's territory and took the people to Tang's Liang Prefecture (涼州, roughly modern Wuwei, Gansu), requesting to settle within Tang territory. Wuwei is located in northwest central Gansu province In the north it borders Inner Mongolia, in the southwest Qinghai. ( is a province located in the northwest of the People's Republic of China. Emperor Gaozong sent the general Su Dingfang to command Tang forces to the west, to help protect Tuyuhun remnants, but carried out no actual military attacks against Tufan, although he sent emissaries to rebuke Lu Dongzan when Lu Dongzan subsequently sent emissaries to again make accusations against Tuyuhun and request another marriage with Tang. Su Dingfang ( 591-667 formal name Su Lie (蘇烈 but went by the Courtesy name of Dingfang formally Duke Zhuang of Xing (邢莊公 was a general In 665, when Tufan made a peace overture, requesting a marriage treaty with Tuyuhun and also permission to graze in the Chishui (赤水, probably the headwaters area of the Yellow River) area, Emperor Gaozong rejected the proposal. Events By Place Europe Swithelm is succeeded by Sighere and Sebbi as king(s of Essex. The Yellow River or Huang He / Hwang Ho ( Hatan Gol Queen river) is the second-longest river in China (after the Yangtze River) and the Around 666, Emperor Gaozong created Murong Nuohebo the Prince of Qinghai -- a greater title than the title of Prince of Heyuan -- perhaps to try to show Tufan that he still intended to restore Tuyuhun. Number of the Beast if you were looking for the In 669, Emperor Gaozong decreed that the Tuyuhun people be settled in the Qilian Mountains, but many officials opined that this would expose them to Tufan attacks and that an attack against Tufan would be necessary first. For the special unit of the Israel Defense Forces see Unit 669. The Qilian Mountains ( also Nan Shan 南山 "southern mountains" viz The Tang chancellor Yan Liben opposed on account that much of Tang had suffered through a crop failure in 668 and could not afford a major military campaign, and thereafter, the Tuyuhun people were not settled in the Qilian. The chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (唐朝宰相 was an office that was semi-formally designated for a number of high level officials at one time during the Chinese Yan Liben ( ( c 600 - November 14, 673) formally Baron Wenzhen of Boling (博陵文貞男 was a Chinese painter Events By Place Europe Childeric II succeeds Clotaire III as King of the Franks.
In 670, Tufan launched a major attack on Tang's Xiyu garrisons, capturing 18 prefectures from Tang. Events By Place Europe On the death of his brother Clotaire Childeric II becomes king of all of the Frankish kingdoms ( Austrasia The Western Regions or Xiyu ( was a historical name specified in the Chinese chronicles between the 3rd century BC to 8th century that referred to the regions west of Jade In response, Emperor Gaozong sent the general Xue Rengui, assisted by the generals Ashina Daozhen (阿史那道真) and Guo Daifeng (郭待封) with the stated missions of recapturing the Tuyuhun lands to permit the Tuyuhun people to return to their territory. Xue Rengui ( 614-683 formal name Xue Li (薛禮 but went by the Courtesy name of Rengui was one of the most famous Chinese generals during the early Tang However, the campaign was plagued by disagreements between Xue and Guo, and Tang forces eventually suffered a major defeat by Lu Dongzan's son and successor Lun Qinling (論欽陵), ending hopes of allowing the Tuyuhun people to return. In 672, Emperor Gaozong, apparently giving up on the idea, settled the Tuyuhun people at Shan Prefecture (鄯州, in modern Haidong Prefecture, Qinghai), but even Shan Prefecture was considered too exposed to Tufan attacks, and so soon the Tuyuhun people were settled in Ling Prefecture (靈州, roughly modern Yinchuan, Ningxia), but establishing a separate prefecture for them -- Anle Prefecture (安樂州). Events By Place Europe Wamba succeeds Reccaswinth as king of the Visigoths. See Haedong for disambiguation Haidong ( Simplified Chinese: 海东 Traditional Chinese: 海東 Pinyin: Hǎidōng (青海 qīnghǎi is a province of the People's Republic of China, named after Qinghai Lake. Yinchuan ( is the Capital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Republic of China, and former capital of the Western Xia Empire of the Ningxia ( Postal map spelling: Ningsia full name Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region ( is a Hui autonomous region of the People's Republic Murong Nuohebo was made its prefect. (There is thus a split among historians between treating 663 or 672 as the end of Tuyuhun's existence as a state. )
Murong Nuohebo died in 688. For the submarine see Los Angeles class submarine. ---- Events By Place Europe Emperor Justinian II His son Murong Zhong (慕容忠) inherited his titles, and the titles were passed on for at least four more generations before the line died out and the titles were abolished, even though there was no longer any realistic chance for Tuyuhun's restoration.
| Preceded by Murong Shun (Gandou Khan) |
Ruler of Tuyuhun 635-672 |
Succeeded by None (dynasty destroyed) |
References
- Zizhi Tongjian, vols. Murong Shun (慕容順 (d 635 regal title Zhugulüwugandou Khan (趉故呂烏甘豆可汗 or in short Gandou Khan (甘豆可汗 Tang Dynasty noble Events By Topic Religion Saint Aidan founds Lindisfarne in Northumbria, England Events By Place Europe Wamba succeeds Reccaswinth as king of the Visigoths. The Zizhi Tongjian ( was a pioneering reference work in Chinese historiography. 194, 195, 196, 199, 200, 201, 202.
- Book of Tang, vol. The Book of Tang ( or the Old Book of Tang (舊唐書/旧唐书 is the first classic work about the Tang Dynasty. 198. [1]
- New Book of Tang, vol. The New Book of Tang ( is a classic work of history about the Tang Dynasty edited by Ouyang Xiu and Song Qi (宋祁 and other official scholars of the 221, part 1. [2]
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic