Citizendia

Murad I
Ottoman Sultan
Reigned:Ottoman Period
Full nameMurad I
PredecessorOrhan I
SuccessorBayezid I
Reign1359–1389

Murad I (nick-named Hüdavendigâr - from Persian: خداوندگار Khodāvandgār - "the God-like One") (Turkish: I. The Ottoman Dynasty (or the Imperial House of Osman) ( Turkish: Osmanlı Hanedanı) ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1299 to 1922 beginning with The rise of the Ottoman Empire is the period from the late thirteenth century to 1453 Orhan I ( Ottoman: اورخان غازی Turkish: Orhan Gazi or Orhan Bey) (1284&ndash1359 was the second Bey, or chief of the Bayezid I ( Ottoman: بايزيد الأول Turkish: Beyazıt, nicknamed Yıldırım (Ottoman ییلدیرم "the Thunderbolt" Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Murat Hüdavendigâr) (1326 – June 28, 1389, Battle of Kosovo) (Ottoman Turkish: مراد الأول) was the ruler of the Ottoman Empire from 1359 to 1389. Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. Ottoman Turkish (Osmanlıca or tr ''Osmanlı Türkçesi'' Ottoman Turkish ota-Latn ''lisân-ı Osmânî'' is the variety of the Turkish language that was used as the The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish He was the son of Orhan I and the Byzantine princess Helen (Nilüfer), who was of ethnic Greek descent[1][2][3] and became the ruler following his father's death in 1359. Orhan I ( Ottoman: اورخان غازی Turkish: Orhan Gazi or Orhan Bey) (1284&ndash1359 was the second Bey, or chief of the Nilüfer was a wife of Orhan I, the second ruler of the state which has become the Ottoman Empire. The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions

Contents

Establishment of Empire

He established the Empire by building up a society and government in the newly conquered city of Adrianople (Edirne in Turkish) and by expanding the realm in Europe, bringing most of the Balkans under Ottoman rule and forcing the Byzantine emperor to pay him tribute. Edirne (anc Hadrianopolis; Greek Adrianople; Slavic/Bulgarian Одрин, see also its other names) is a city in Thrace, the westernmost Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. It was Murad who established the former Osmanli tribe into an empire. The Ottoman Turks were the subdivision of the Ottoman Muslim Millet that dominated the ruling class of the Ottoman Empire. He established the title of sultan in 1383 and the corps of the janissaries and the devşirme recruiting system. Sultan (سلطان is an Islamic title with several historical meanings The Janissaries (derived from Ottoman Turkish ينيچرى ( yeniçeri) meaning "new soldier" comprised Infantry units that formed Devşirme or devshirme (derived from devşirme meaning "collection gathering" was the systematic collection of non-Muslim children He also organised the government of the Divan, the system of timars and timar-holders (timariots) and the military judge, the kazasker. Dīvān or dīwān ( Persian دیوان was a high governmental body in a number of Islamic states or its chief official (see Diwan (title A timariot (or timar holder timarlı in Turkish) was an irregular Cavalryman that served the Ottoman Sultan He also established the two provinces of Anadolu (Anatolia) and Rumeli (Europe). The Province of Anatolia (Anadolu was one of two the core provinces in the early years of the Ottoman Empire. Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black Rumelia or Rumeli ( Turkish: Rumeli ("Land of the Romans" from Rum: "Greek" "Roman" and El

Wars

Murad fought against the powerful emirate of Karaman in Anatolia and against the Serbs, Bulgarians and Hungarians in Europe. An emirate is a political territory that is ruled by a dynastic Arab Monarch styled Emir. Beylik of Karaman or of Karamanoğlu ( Karamanoğulları in Turkish plural also called the Karamanid Dynasty or the Karamanids, was Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, The Bulgarians (българи balgari) are a South Slavic people generally associated with the Republic of Bulgaria and the Bulgarian language Hungarians (or Magyars, magyarok are an Ethnic group primarily associated with Hungary. His moves in the Balkans brought together a Christian coalition under the king of Hungary, but they were defeated at the Battle of Maritsa on September 26, 1371, by Murad's capable second lieutenant Lala Şâhin Paşa, the first governor (beylerbey) of Rumeli. Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic The Battle of Maritsa or Battle of Chernomen (also known as the Second Battle of Maritsa) (Маричка битка битка при Черномен took Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a Lala Shahin Pasha (Lala Şahin Paşa was the first Beylerbey of Rumelia. " Beylerbeyi " redirects here Beylerbey (from Beylerbeyi, Ottoman Turkish for " Bey of Beys" meaning "Commander Rumelia or Rumeli ( Turkish: Rumeli ("Land of the Romans" from Rum: "Greek" "Roman" and El In 1366 the Serbian king was forced to pay tribute to the Sultan and in 1385 Sofia fell to the Ottomans. Sofia (София ˈsɔfija is the Capital and largest city of the Republic of Bulgaria, with a population of 1395568 in the Capital Municipality The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish In 1386 Prince Lazar Hrebeljanović defeated an Ottoman force at the Battle of Pločnik. Stefan Lazar (Стефан Лазар Tzar Lazar Hrebeljanović ( Serbian Cyrillic: Кнез Лазар Хребељановић or Knez Lazar The Battle of Pločnik was fought in 1386 (or according to the Bulgarian historiography in 1387) at the village of Pločnik, near Prokuplje The Ottoman army didn't suffer heavy casualties, and was unable to capture Niš on the way back. In 1389 Murad's army indecisively defeated the Serbian Army with its allies under the leadership of Lazar at the Battle of Kosovo. This page is about the Battle of Kosovo of 1389; for other battles see Battle of Kosovo (disambiguation. After the battle, Murad I was assassinated by Serbian nobleman and knight Miloš Obilić by poisoned knife. Knight is the English term for a social position originating in the Middle Ages. Miloš Obilić ( Serbian Cyrillic: Милош Обилић (died June 29 1389) was a Serbian knight from Zeta ( Montenegro His son Bayezid took charge after the battle. Bayezid I ( Ottoman: بايزيد الأول Turkish: Beyazıt, nicknamed Yıldırım (Ottoman ییلدیرم "the Thunderbolt" Though Murad had made him swear to hold his brother Yakub dear, Bayezid executed him immediately as a pretender. Bayezid informed him that their father had some new orders for them, but when Yakub arrived he was strangled, leaving Bayezid as the sole claimant to the throne.

However, according to the earliest preserved record, a letter of Florentine senate to the King Tvrtko I of Bosnia, dated 20 October 1389, Murad was killed during the battle. The killer is not named but it was one of 12 Serbian noblemen managed to break through the Ottoman ranks:

Fortunate, most fortunate are those hands of the twelve loyal lords who, having opened their way with the sword and having penetrated the enemy lines and the circle of chained camels, heroically reached the tent of Amurat himself. Fortunate above all is that one who so forcefully killed such a strong vojvoda by stabbing him with a sword in the throat and belly. And blessed are all those who gave their lives and blood through the glorious manner of martyrdom as victims of the dead leader over his ugly corpse.

Sultan Murad's tomb remains to this day (2006), on a corner of the battlefield. It is not in good condition, but nor has it been vandalised or destroyed, despite the centuries of hostility between the Turk and Serb peoples.

Marriages and Progeny

Murad I, oil on canvas by Haydar Hatemi
Murad I, oil on canvas by Haydar Hatemi

Marriages of Murad I:

Progeny of Murad I:

Sultan Murad in literature

Prince Harry refers to Murad as "Amurath" in Act V Scene 2 when he succeeds his father, King Henry IV, in 1412:

Chief Justice. Bayezid I ( Ottoman: بايزيد الأول Turkish: Beyazıt, nicknamed Yıldırım (Ottoman ییلدیرم "the Thunderbolt" William Shakespeare ( baptised Good morrow, and God save your majesty!
King Henry V. This new and gorgeous garment, majesty,
Sits not so easy on me as you think.
Brothers, you mix your sadness with some fear:
This is the English, not the Turkish court;
Not Amurath an Amurath succeeds,
But Harry Harry!

References

  1. ^ The Fall of Constantinople, Steven Runciman, Cambridge University Press, p. 36
  2. ^ The Nature of the Early Ottoman State, Heath W. Lowry, 2003 SUNY Press, p. 153
  3. ^ History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, Stanford Jay Shaw, Cambridge University Press, p. 24


Murad I
Born: 1319 Died: 1389
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Orhan I		Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
1359 – 1389		Succeeded by
Bayezid I
The Ottoman Dynasty (or the Imperial House of Osman) ( Turkish: Osmanlı Hanedanı) ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1299 to 1922 beginning with Orhan I ( Ottoman: اورخان غازی Turkish: Orhan Gazi or Orhan Bey) (1284&ndash1359 was the second Bey, or chief of the The Ottoman Dynasty (or the Imperial House of Osman) ( Turkish: Osmanlı Hanedanı) ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1299 to 1922 beginning with Bayezid I ( Ottoman: بايزيد الأول Turkish: Beyazıt, nicknamed Yıldırım (Ottoman ییلدیرم "the Thunderbolt"
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