Citizendia
Your Ad Here

This article is about the crash of the Manchester United aircraft. For the 1960 accident, see Munich air accident (1960). On December 17 1960, a United States Air Force Convair 340 aircraft military designation C-131D Samaritan was on its way from the Munich-Riem airport
British European Airways Flight 609
Summary
Date 1958-02-06
Type Take-off failure
Site Munich, West Germany
Passengers 40
Crew 4
Injuries 21
Fatalities 23
Survivors 21
Aircraft type Airspeed AS-57 Ambassador
Aircraft name Lord Burghley
Operator British European Airways
Tail number G-ALZU
Destination Manchester Airport, UK

The Munich air disaster took place on 6 February 1958, when British European Airways Flight 609 crashed on its third attempt to take off from a slush-covered runway at the Munich-Riem airport in Munich, West Germany. Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. West Germany ( Inf German: Westdeutschland or West-Deutschland) was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany ( The Airspeed AS57 Ambassador was a British twin Piston engined Airliner that first flew on July 10 1947 and served in very small British European Airways ( BEA) or British European Airways Corporation was a British Airline which existed from 1946 until 1974 An aircraft registration is a unique Alphanumeric string that identifies an Aircraft, in similar fashion to a licence plate on an automobile Manchester Airport is a major Airport in the vicinity of Manchester, England, and the largest airport in the United Kingdom outside the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This article is about the mixture of solid and liquid snow For other uses of the term "slush" see Slush (disambiguation. The Munich-Riem Airport was the main airport of Munich until it was closed in 1992 Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. West Germany ( Inf German: Westdeutschland or West-Deutschland) was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany ( On board the plane was the Manchester United football team, nicknamed the "Busby Babes", along with a number of supporters and journalists. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered The Busby Babes were a group of Manchester United players recruited and trained by the club's assistant manager Jimmy Murphy, who progressed from the club's youth Fans in Little Italyjpg|thumb|right|Fans in Little Italy Manhattan celebrating the victory of the Italian association football team after the 2006 FIFA World Cup]][[Image Wm-oly-de-cr 23 of the 44 passengers on board the aircraft died in the disaster.

The charter flight, destined for Manchester Airport was operated by British European Airways (BEA) using an "Elizabethan" class Airspeed Ambassador aircraft G-ALZU Lord Burghley. Manchester Airport is a major Airport in the vicinity of Manchester, England, and the largest airport in the United Kingdom outside the British European Airways ( BEA) or British European Airways Corporation was a British Airline which existed from 1946 until 1974 The Airspeed AS57 Ambassador was a British twin Piston engined Airliner that first flew on July 10 1947 and served in very small Lord Burghley redirects here For other holders of the title see Baron Burghley William Cecil 1st Baron Burghley (13 September 1520 &ndash

Contents

Background

The Airspeed Ambassador G-ALZU at Riem airport before take-off.
The Airspeed Ambassador G-ALZU at Riem airport before take-off.

The European Cup had been contested since 1955, although no English club took part in the very first tournament on account of Football League rules. See also List of European Cup and UEFA Champions League winners The UEFA Champions League, which evolved from the European Champion Clubs' Cup is a seasonal club The Football League, also known as the Coca-Cola Football League for sponsorship reasons is a league competition featuring professional football clubs Manchester United entered the 1956-57 tournament and reached the semi-finals, being knocked out by eventual winners Real Madrid; they were thus one of the favourites for the 1957-58 tournament. Domestic league matches were played on Saturdays and European matches were played midweek, so although air travel was risky at the time, it was the only practical choice if United were to fulfil their league fixtures. [1] Their team was known as the "Busby Babes", a reference to their manager Matt Busby and to the average age of the players, which was unusually young. Coach (baseball|Coach (basketball|Coach (ice hockeyIn Sports a coach or manager is an individual involved in the direction instruction and training of the operations Sir Alexander Matthew "Matt" Busby CBE KCSG (26 May 1909 – 20 January 1994 was a Scottish football player and manager most noted

The club had chartered an aeroplane to fly them home from their European Cup match against the Yugoslavian team Crvena Zvezda (Red Star Belgrade), which ended in a 3-3 draw (United won the tie 5-4 on aggregate). See also Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian The takeoff from Belgrade was delayed for an hour as the United player Johnny Berry had lost his passport,[2] then the plane made a scheduled stop in Munich to refuel. Takeoff is the phase of Flight in which an Aircraft goes through a transition from moving along the ground ( Taxiing) to flying in the air usually Belgrade (Београд Beograd is the Capital and largest city of Serbia. John James "Johnny" Berry ( 1 June 1926 &ndash 23 September 1994) was an English football player A passport is a document issued by a national government which certifies for the purpose of international travel the identity and nationality of its holder

The crash

The Airspeed Ambassador G-ALZU burning at Munich.
The Airspeed Ambassador G-ALZU burning at Munich.

Captain James Thain, the pilot, tried to take off twice, but both attempts were aborted due to engine surging. When a third take off was attempted, at 3:04 pm, the plane failed to gain adequate height and crashed into the fence surrounding the airport and then into a house, which was unoccupied at the time. The port wing and part of the tail was torn off. The house caught fire. The left side of the cockpit hit a tree. The right side of the fuselage hit a wooden hut, inside which was a truck filled with tyres and fuel, which exploded. [3]

Although the crash was originally blamed on pilot error, it was subsequently found to have been caused by the build-up of slush towards the ends of the runway, causing deceleration of the aircraft and preventing safe flying speed from being attained. This article is about the mixture of solid and liquid snow For other uses of the term "slush" see Slush (disambiguation. A runway ( RWY) is a strip of land on an Airport, on which Aircraft can take off and land. In Aviation, V-speeds or Velocity-speeds are standard terms used to define Airspeeds important or useful to the operation of Aircraft, such During the take off, the aircraft had attained a speed of 117 kt (217 km/h) but on entering the slush speed dropped to 105 kt (194 km/h), too slow for flight, with not enough runway remaining to abort the take off. The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand Aircraft with tail-wheel undercarriages had not been greatly affected by slush, due to the geometry of these undercarriages in relation to the aircraft's centre of gravity, but newer types, such as the Ambassador, with nose wheel landing-gear and the main wheels behind the centre of gravity, were found to be vulnerable. Conventional landing gear describes an Undercarriage arrangement consisting of two main weight-bearing wheels forward of the aircraft's Centre of gravity, the In Aviation, the undercarriage or landing gear is the structure (usually wheels that supports an Aircraft on the ground and allows it to taxi The center-of-gravity (CG is the point at which an aircraft would balance if it were possible to suspend it at that point Tricycle gear describes an Aircraft Undercarriage, or landing gear, arranged in a Tricycle fashion The accident resulted in the instigation of operating limits for the amount of slush build-up permitted on runways.

American newsreel footage reporting the crash.
American newsreel footage reporting the crash.

Despite this conclusion, the German airport authorities (who were legally responsible for the state of the airport's runways, but generally not aware of the then unknown danger of slush on runways for aircraft like the Ambassador) took legal action against Captain Thain, who had survived the crash, claiming he had taken off without deicing the wings and that responsibility for the accident was his alone, despite several witnesses stating that this was not so. De-icing is the process of removing Ice from a Surface. Anti-icing is the process of Preventing ice from forming on a surface The basis of the German authorities' case relied on a photograph of the aircraft (published in several newspapers) taken shortly before take off, that appeared to show snow on the upper wing surfaces. When the original negative was examined, however, no snow or ice could be seen, the 'snow' having been due to the published pictures being produced from a copy negative. In photography a negative may refer to three different things although they are all related The witnesses were not called to the German inquiry and proceedings against Thain dragged on until 1968, when he was finally cleared of any responsibility for the crash. As the official cause, British authorities recorded a build-up of melting snow on the runway which prevented the Elizabethan from reaching the required take-off speed. Thain, having been dismissed by BEA shortly after the accident and never reengaged, retired and returned to run his poultry farm in Berkshire. Berkshire (ˈbɑːkʃə or /ˈbɑːkʃɪə/ say Baak-shuh/-sheer sometimes abbreviated to Berks) is a Home County in the South He died of a heart attack at the age of 53, in 1975. Myocardial infarction ( MI or AMI for acute myocardial infarction) also known as a heart attack, occurs when the blood supply

Fatalities

A plaque at Old Trafford Football Ground in memory of the Munich air disaster.
A plaque at Old Trafford Football Ground in memory of the Munich air disaster.

Manchester United players

Manchester United staff

Journalists

Crew members and other passengers

Survivors

Manchester United players

Other survivors

Now deceased

Still alive as of March 2008

Manchester United after the crash

Seven of Manchester United's players died immediately, and Duncan Edwards died from his injuries on 21 February at the Rechts der Isar Hospital in Munich. Duncan Edwards (1 October 1936 &ndash 21 February 1958 was an English footballer who played for Manchester United and the England national team Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland The Rechts der Isar Hospital is a hospital in the Haidhausen district of Munich, Germany. Johnny Berry and Jackie Blanchflower were both injured so severely that they never played again. John James "Johnny" Berry ( 1 June 1926 &ndash 23 September 1994) was an English football player Jackie Blanchflower ( 7 March 1933 &ndash 2 September 1998) was a Northern Irish football player

Matt Busby was seriously injured and had to stay in hospital for two months after the crash, and was read his last rites twice. Sir Alexander Matthew "Matt" Busby CBE KCSG (26 May 1909 – 20 January 1994 was a Scottish football player and manager most noted Anointing of the Sick is distinguished from other forms of religious Anointing or "unction" (an older term with the same meaning in that it is intended as its name There was speculation that the club would fold, but a threadbare United team completed the 1957-1958 season, with United's coach Jimmy Murphy standing in as manager; he had not travelled to Belgrade as he was away managing the Welsh national team at the time. James Patrick "Jimmy" Murphy (27 October 1910 Pentre, Rhondda - 14 November 1989 Manchester) was a football player and later a manager A team largely made up of reserve and youth team players beat Sheffield Wednesday 3–0 in the first match after the disaster. Reserve team is the term applied to the second team fielded by a Sports club. Youth system is a Sporting terminology used to refer to a youth investment program within a particular team or league which develops and nurtures young (often local talent The programme for that match showed simply a blank space where each United player's name should have been.

United only won one league game after the crash, causing their title challenge to collapse and push them down to ninth place in the league, but they reached the final of the FA Cup, losing 2–0 to Bolton Wanderers. The Football Association Challenge Cup, commonly known as the FA Cup, is a knockout cup competition in English football, run by and named after Bolton Wanderers Football Club is an English professional football club based in Horwich, in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton, Greater Busby resumed managerial duties the next season (1958-1959) and eventually built a second generation of Busby Babes, including George Best and Denis Law, that ten years later won the European Cup in 1968, beating Benfica. George Best (22 May 1946 &ndash 25 November 2005 was a Northern Irish professional football player best known for his years with Manchester United. Denis Sport Lisboa e Benfica (spɔɾ liʒˈboɐ i bɐ̃ĩˈfikɐ commonly referred to as simply Benfica, S Crash survivors Bobby Charlton and Bill Foulkes were two of the other players who lined up in that team. Sir Robert "Bobby" Charlton, CBE (born 11 October 1937 in Ashington, Northumberland) is a former English Professional William Anthony Foulkes (born 5 January 1932 was an English football player who played for Manchester United in the Busby Babes teams of

Memorials

Commemorative plaque at Old Trafford
Commemorative plaque at Old Trafford

The first three memorials at Old Trafford were unveiled on 25 February 1960. Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Placed above the entrance to the Director's Box the plaque featured a supporter and a player with their heads bowed solemnly looking down onto a wreath, underneath of which was a football bearing the date 1958 and beneath this was the pitch with the names of the dead inscribed. Luxury box or luxury suite is the North American term for a special seating section in Arenas Stadiums and other sports venues A commemorative plaque, or simply plaque, is a plate of metal ceramic stone wood or other material typically attached to a wall stone or other vertical surface and bearing A bronze plaque in memory of eight journalists was placed into the Press Box and lastly the simple clock was erected at the front of the stadium. When building work began a decade later the plaque could not be safely moved and was left in situ to be walled up inside the new construction. In situ (ɪn siːˈtuː is a Latin phrase meaning in the place. The club claims to possess this pitch aspect of this first memorial in storage, and also claims to be planning its placement in the on site museum. The manufacturers of the plaque actually made a second copy, but this was destroyed when the firm went out of business in 1983.

The second plaque, similar but smaller, was installed in 1976 and a third plaque is on the front facade of the ground and was installed in 1996. The clock has moved but is still visible and the press box plaque was stolen and replaced with a replica shortly afterwards. The press box is a special section of a Sports Stadium or arena that is set up for the media to report about a given event

There are also two memorials in Germany. In the village of Kirchtrudering, there is a small wooden trough memorial with the inscription: "In the memory of the victims of the air disaster of 6. 2. 1958 including members of the football team of Manchester United as well as all the victims from the municipality of Trudering". Trudering is a district of the Trudering-Riem borough of Munich, Germany.

In September 2004, in the vicinity of Munich Airport, a granite memorial was unveiled which reads in both English and German: "In memory of those who lost their lives here in the Munich air disaster on the 6th February 1958". Underneath is a plaque expressing United's gratitude to the municipality of Munich and its people.

Old Trafford's Munich Tunnel, unveiled in 2008 on the 50th anniversary of the disaster.
Old Trafford's Munich Tunnel, unveiled in 2008 on the 50th anniversary of the disaster.

A memorial service was also held at Old Trafford on 6 February 2008. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common At the conclusion of the service the surviving members of the 1958 team unveiled the Munich Memorial Tunnel in Old Trafford's south stand which traces the history of the Busby Babes through plaques on the wall and features an eternal flame.

On 6 February 2008, the England national football team took on Switzerland at Wembley Stadium. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The English national football team represents England in international football and is controlled by The Football Association, the governing body for football The Swiss national football team (also known as the Schweizer Nati in German La Nati in French is the national football team of Switzerland Wembley Stadium is a Stadium in Wembley, located in the London Borough of Brent in London, England. Before the game, pictures of the players who lost their lives at Munich were displayed on big screens, and England players wore black armbands. Originally, a minute's silence was not to have been observed on the day, due to the Football Association's fears that the silence would not be respected by fans of Manchester United's rivals. The Football Association, also known as simply The FA, is the governing body of football in England and the Crown Dependencies of Jersey [6] However, they then agreed that a minute's silence should be held. In the event it was generally well-observed, but a small number of supporters made whistles and cat-calls and the referee cut the silence short after less than 30 seconds. [7] This led to speculation by the media as to whether the silence would be able to be completed at Old Trafford.

Commemorative scarves laid out on the back of every seat prior to the game.
Commemorative scarves laid out on the back of every seat prior to the game.

On 10 February 2008, at the derby match between Manchester United and Manchester City at Old Trafford, both teams were led onto the pitch by a lone bagpiper, and the managers Alex Ferguson and Sven-Goran Eriksson each laid a wreath in the centre circle. Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common TalkManchester City FC before changing verbs to singular --> Manchester City Football Club is an English professional football club Bagpipes are a class of Musical instrument, Aerophones using enclosed reeds fed from a constant reservoir of air in the form of a bag Sir Alexander Chapman "Alex" Ferguson, CBE, (born 31 December 1941 in Govan, Glasgow) is a Scottish football manager Sven-Göran Eriksson ( born February 5 1948 is a Swedish football manager, who is currently the manager of the Mexico national football team. This was followed by a minute silence which, despite previous concerns, was respected by all the fans. [8] United played in 1950s-style strips with no advertising or players names and numbered 1-11; whilst City removed shirt manufacturers and sponsors logos from their kit; both teams wore black armbands in tribute to the victims of the Munich disaster. Manchester City won 2-1 thanks to first half goals from Darius Vassell and debutant Benjani. Darius Markus Vassell (born 13 June 1980 in Sutton Coldfield) is an English international footballer who plays club football in the Benjamin Mwaruwari, commonly known as Benjani, (born 13 August 1978 in Bulawayo, Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) is a footballer Fans in attendance were given commemorative scarves which were held up during the silence and the match programme featured a 26-page booklet on the victims of the crash and a reprint of the first home programme after the match (vs. Sheffield Wednesday).

Tributes

Music

"Cut down in their prime,
In silence, on that day,
February 58, they got what they need,
From Belgrade and back home to sleep"

Film

Barry Navidi is currently working on a script for a Hollywood film about the Munich air crash. United States cinema has had a profound effect on cinema across the world since the early 20th century The Manchester Evening News (April 22, 2005) reported that the survivors had not been consulted and were concerned about how accurate the film would be. The Manchester Evening News (also known as MEN Media) is an English daily Newspaper published each week day evening and on Saturdays Events 1500 - Portuguese Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Bill Foulkes was quoted as saying, "If the film was made properly and was respectful to those who perished, it could be a tribute to the Busby Babes which could be seen for generations to come. And those great players who died that day deserve to be remembered. But what worries me is that none of the survivors have been contacted by the film-makers. And without that first hand knowledge, I don't believe it is possible to make a film like this with any degree of accuracy. "

Harry Gregg said, "I am sure all of us who were lucky enough to survive the crash have the right to know how we are going to be depicted in the film. Harry Gregg MBE (born October 25, 1932) is a Northern Irish former football player Even more important is what the film might say about our team-mates who died that day. They left behind wives and children who are still alive and people over in Hollywood need to take their feelings into consideration before making a film like this. "

John Doherty, a former United player who had left United only a few months earlier, was less restrained: "I think it's a terrible idea. It couldn't possibly be a tribute to the Busby Babes, because whoever is making the film doesn't know the people involved. Unless you were there, how could you know what conversations took place? . . . As far as I'm concerned, the whole thing stinks. The only reason anyone would want to make a film like this is to make money. "

Television

On 10 January 2006, the BBC showed a drama/documentary retelling the story in the series Surviving Disaster. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Its end credits contained many Lithuanian names, and the plane's airspeed indicator was labelled with the Russian word СКОРОСТЬ ("speed"); the film was supposedly made in Lithuania's S. Darius and S. Girėnas Airport using an ex-Soviet plane. Closing credits, inside a Motion picture or Television program come at the end of a movie or show and list all the cast and crew involved in the production Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the The airspeed indicator or airspeed gauge is an instrument used in an Aircraft to display the craft's Airspeed, typically in knots, to the Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages S Darius and S Girėnas Airport ( S Dariaus ir S Girėno aerodromas), also known as Aleksotas Airport ( Aleksoto aerodromas) is a small Airport A soviet (сове́т, "council" originally was a workers' local council in late Imperial Russia.

On 1 February 1998, ITV aired a documentary - Munich: End of a Dream - to mark the 40th anniversary of the tragedy. Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Independent Television (generally known as ITV) is a public service network of British commercial television broadcasters set up under the Independent It consisted of three episodes.

The first episode told the story of Matt Busby's ground-breaking youth scheme in which he replaced older players with youth team products, rather than follow the conventional approach of signing established players from rival teams, and the success of the scheme which led to two successive Football League titles and an FA Cup final appearance. Sir Alexander Matthew "Matt" Busby CBE KCSG (26 May 1909 – 20 January 1994 was a Scottish football player and manager most noted The Football League, also known as the Coca-Cola Football League for sponsorship reasons is a league competition featuring professional football clubs The Football Association Challenge Cup, commonly known as the FA Cup, is a knockout cup competition in English football, run by and named after
The second episode told of United's fortunes in the European Cup, including their run to the semi-finals of the competition in their first season (1956-57).
The third episode was centred around United's European Cup quarter-final triumph over Red Star Belgrade, the air crash, the aftermath of the tragedy and the death of Duncan Edwards two weeks after the crash. Duncan Edwards (1 October 1936 &ndash 21 February 1958 was an English footballer who played for Manchester United and the England national team

Veteran supporters Brian Hughes and Billy Clynes contributed to the program, along with Gerda Thiel - an elderly German nurse who had treated some of the injured players. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Several crash survivors also made contributions to the documentary, including Sir Bobby Charlton, Ray Wood (who died in 2002), Bill Foulkes and Albert Scanlon. Sir Robert "Bobby" Charlton, CBE (born 11 October 1937 in Ashington, Northumberland) is a former English Professional Raymond Ernest Wood ( 11 June 1931 &ndash 7 July 2002) was a Manchester United goalkeeper who played in the 1956 and 1957 championship-winning William Anthony Foulkes (born 5 January 1932 was an English football player who played for Manchester United in the Busby Babes teams of Albert Joseph Scanlon (born 10 October 1935 in Manchester) was an English football player Frank Taylor (who also died in 2002), the only journalist to survive the crash, also made a contribution, as did Irene Beevers (the sister of crash victim David Pegg). Francis Taylor may refer to Francis Taylor (martyr (died 1621 former Lord Mayor of Dublin martyred 1621 Francis Taylor (MP (1845&ndash1915 David Pegg, ( September 20 1935 &ndash February 6 1958) was an English footballer and one of the eight Manchester Also making a contribution was Ruby Thain, the elderly widow of pilot James Thain. The Munich air disaster took place on 6 February 1958 when British European Airways Flight 609 crashed on its third attempt to take off from a Slush -covered runway at Munich-Riem

On 6 February 2008, the 50th anniversary of the crash, several television channels showed programmes about it. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ Manchester United — The Betrayal of a Legend 39. This list of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft is grouped by the years in which the accidents and incidents occurred On December 17 1960, a United States Air Force Convair 340 aircraft military designation C-131D Samaritan was on its way from the Munich-Riem airport Southern Airways Flight 932 was a chartered Southern Airways DC-9 commercial jet flight from Stallings Field (ISO in Kinston North Marshall University is a Coeducational public Research university in Huntington West Virginia, founded in 1837 as a private subscription Torino Football Club 1906, commonly referred to as simply Torino, is an Italian professional football club based in Turin, Piedmont Football is the most popular sport in Italy. The Italian national football team has won the Football World Cup four times (1934 1938 The Superga air disaster took place on Wednesday May 4, 1949, when a plane carrying almost the entire Torino A Surinam Airways Flight PY764 was an international scheduled passenger flight from Amsterdam-Schiphol Airport in the Netherlands to Paramaribo-Zanderij International The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The Zambia national football team represents the country of Zambia and is governed by the Football Association of Zambia. The Alianza Lima air disaster was an aircraft accident on December 8, 1987 in which 43 people associated with the Peruvian Alianza Lima
  2. ^ Manchester United — The Betrayal of a Legend 46.
  3. ^ BBC - Manchester - History - The Munich air disaster: a timeline
  4. ^ BBC NEWS | Northern Ireland | Gregg's 'greatest save' - Munich remembered
  5. ^ EX-STEWARDESS GUEST AS NATION REMEMBERS
  6. ^ "No silence to honour Munich crash", BBC Sport, 2008-01-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. Retrieved on 2008-01-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor  
  7. ^ Rudd, Alyson. "Silent majority drowned out as tributes cut short", TimesOnline, The Times, 2008-02-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince Retrieved on 2008-02-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.  
  8. ^ Fans respect silence for Munich BBC News
  9. ^ UKTV History: 20th Century: Munich Aircrash: Disaster Season

External links

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic