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Muni Metro
Locale San Francisco, California
Transit type Light rail
Began operation 1980
No. The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city For specific light rail systems many of which use the words "light rail" as part of their name see List of light-rail transit systems. of lines 7
No. of stations 9 underground, 118 surface
Track gauge 4 ft 8½ in (1,435 mm)
Owner San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency
Operator(s) San Francisco Municipal Railway

Muni Metro is a mass transit system operated in the City and County of San Francisco by the San Francisco Municipal Railway, managed by the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency. Rail gauge is the distance between the inner sides of the two parallel rails that make up a railway track. The San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (also known as SFMTA or San Francisco MTA is the body which oversees the San Francisco Municipal Railway as well as the The San Francisco Municipal Railway, commonly known as Muni, is the Public transit system for the city and county of San Francisco California The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city The San Francisco Municipal Railway, commonly known as Muni, is the Public transit system for the city and county of San Francisco California The San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (also known as SFMTA or San Francisco MTA is the body which oversees the San Francisco Municipal Railway as well as the Historical elements have contributed to Muni Metro's varied characteristics. These include segments that resemble a high-frequency metro for lines that interline underneath Market Street, segments that resemble a traditional streetcar network, and segments that resemble a modern light-rail system on recently added or upgraded segments. A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway or metro(politan system is an electric passenger railway Market Street is a major street and important Thoroughfare in San Francisco California. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train For specific light rail systems many of which use the words "light rail" as part of their name see List of light-rail transit systems.

Contents

Routes

See also: List of San Francisco Municipal Railway lines
Muni Metro map.
Muni Metro map. This is a list of Bus and rail transit routes operated by the San Francisco Municipal Railway in San Francisco, California.

The Muni Metro system consists of seven lines:

The system

N Judah train entering the eastern portal of the Sunset Tunnel
N Judah train entering the eastern portal of the Sunset Tunnel

These lines run in mixed street traffic and, for the most part, stop at street corners like a traditional streetcar (a few high-platform stations have been built at selected intervals to accommodate disabled passengers) until they enter or exit the subway (Twin Peaks Tunnel and Market Street Subway). The J Church is a Muni Metro line in San Francisco California mainly serving the Noe Valley and Balboa Park neighborhoods The K Ingleside is a Muni Metro line in San Francisco California mainly serving the West Portal and Ingleside neighborhoods The L Taraval is a Muni Metro line in San Francisco California, mainly serving the Sunset District. The M Ocean View is a Muni Metro line in San Francisco California. The N Judah is a Muni Metro line in San Francisco California that mainly serves the Cole Valley and Sunset neighborhoods The T Third Street is a Muni Metro line in San Francisco California that operates seven days a week from 5am to 1am The S Castro Shuttle is a Muni Metro line in San Francisco California. The Sunset Tunnel is a tunnel in San Francisco California, used by the N Judah Muni Metro line A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway or metro(politan system is an electric passenger railway The Twin Peaks Tunnel is a, it was one of the longest railway tunnels in the world ( Paris Métro 's line 1, opened in 1900 beat it by a few miles as did some The Market Street Subway is a tunnel that carries both Rapid transit and Light rail traffic in San Francisco California. Most lines have stretches where they travel in exclusive or semi-exclusive lanes, separated from auto traffic. For specific light rail systems many of which use the words "light rail" as part of their name see List of light-rail transit systems.

Three lines, the K, L, and M, enter the subway at its southwestern end, appropriately named West Portal, in the "inbound" direction (towards downtown). The K and M originate at the Balboa Park station, whereas the L runs from 46th Avenue and Wawona Street (SF Zoo). The San Francisco Zoo, housing more than 250 animal species is located in the southwestern corner of San Francisco California nestled between Lake Merced and The K and T lines are not operationally separate lines and are best described as interconnected: upon entering West Portal Station, the K changes signs and becomes the T; in the "outbound" direction (away from downtown), the T changes signs to K upon entering the Market Street Subway.

The K/T, L, and M lines serve the following stations through the Twin Peaks Tunnel:

The J and N lines, running above-ground, enter the subway at this point, via a portal located at Church Street and Duboce Avenue. West Portal Station is a Muni Metro station in the West Portal neighborhood in San Francisco California. Forest Hill Station is a Muni Metro station near the Forest Hill and Laguna Honda neighborhoods in San Francisco California. Castro Street Station is a Muni Metro station at the intersection of Market Street, Castro Street and 17th Street in The Castro district of San Church Street Station is a Muni Metro station at the intersection of Market Street, Church Street and 14th Street in San Francisco, California The five lines continue through the Market Street Subway and serve the following stations:

At this point, the J, L, and M lines terminate, while the N and T lines continue out the northeastern portal of the subway on the Embarcadero. Van Ness Station is a Muni Metro station on the Market Street Subway at the intersection of Market Street and Van Ness Avenue ( U Powell Street Station is a Muni Metro and Bay Area Rapid Transit station near the intersection of Market Street and Powell Street in downtown Montgomery Street Station is a Muni Metro and Bay Area Rapid Transit station in the Financial District of San Francisco California. Embarcadero Station is a Muni Metro and Bay Area Rapid Transit station near the Embarcadero in the Financial District of San Francisco The Embarcadero is the eastern waterfront roadway of the Port of San Francisco, San Francisco, California, along San Francisco Bay. The N terminates at King and Fourth Streets, next to the Caltrain station, while the T line continues onward down Fourth Street, Third Street, and Bayshore Boulevard to the San Francisco county line. Caltrain ( AAR reporting marks JPBX) is a California Commuter rail line on the San Francisco Peninsula and the Santa Clara

The F Market & Wharves, an all-surface line running historic streetcars, has not been designated as part of the Metro system by Muni, despite the fact that its route designation is similar to that of the Metro lines. The F Market & Wharves line is one of several Light rail lines in San Francisco California. The Metro designation originated with the construction of the Market Street tunnel, where F trains cannot go. However, the F trains travel over the J line to the storage facility in the Balboa Park neighborhood when not in use, using a section of track between the F and J lines on 17th Street between Noe and Church Streets. F trains are occasionally seen in service on the above-ground sections of the J line, and in service as training cars on other above-ground lines. Metro LRVs also have destination boards for the F Market, and can be operated on F Line tracks when needed, although these occurrences are extremely rare.

Operations

A high-platform, above-ground station (San Francisco State University) along 19th Avenue.
A high-platform, above-ground station (San Francisco State University) along 19th Avenue. San Francisco State University Station is a major Muni Metro aboveground station located on the median of 19th Avenue at Holloway Avenue near the station's namesake 19th Avenue in San Francisco California is a five miles (8 km long eight lanes arterial thoroughfare that bisects the southwestern part of the city

Muni Metro runs from approximately 5 am to 1 am weekdays, with later start times of 7 am on Saturday and 8 am on Sunday. [1] Late-night service is provided along much of the L and N lines by buses that bear the same route designation. (During the Metro Improvement Project starting January 29, 2007, K, L, and M line metro service between Castro and West Portal ends at 9 pm on weekdays and is replaced by surface buses until service ends at 1 am Saturday morning start of service is delayed from 6 am to 7 am as well. Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. This part of the project is scheduled to last about a year. )[2]

The basic fare for Muni Metro, like Muni buses, is $1. 50. [3] The Muni Metro system as a whole is a proof-of-payment system; on paying a fare, the passenger will receive a ticket good for travel on any bus, historic streetcar, or Metro vehicle for 90 minutes. Payment methods depend on where in the system Metro streetcars are boarded. In street running sections in the south and west of the city (the old streetcar routes), passengers can board at the front of the train and pay their fare to the streetcar operator to receive their ticket; those who already have a ticket, or who have a daily, weekly, or monthly pass, can board at any door of the Metro streetcar or train. Underground stations have controlled entries via turnstiles, and passengers must purchase or show Muni staff a ticket in order to enter the platform area. A turnstile, also called a baffle gate, is a form of Gate which allows one person to pass at a time On high-platform stations outside the tunnels, ticket machines are available on the platforms; passengers without tickets or passes must purchase them before boarding. Fare inspectors may board trains at any time to check for proof of payment from passengers.

Passengers can transfer from Muni Metro to Muni buses and vice versa, as well as to and from the F line historic streetcars; however, passengers must use the front door on these other vehicles. Passengers can also transfer to cable cars at Powell and Embarcadero stations, though an extra fee must be paid to ride this popular tourist attraction. The San Francisco cable car system is the world's last permanently operational manually-operated cable car system and is an icon of San Francisco, California Four of the downtown subway stations shared by all six lines are also stations on the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) system, and some of the lines also have surface stops at or near the Glen Park and Balboa Park BART stops. While passengers can transfer at these stations, the two systems have different fare regimes and a new fare is usually required when transferring. The monthly MUNI pass, dubbed the FastPass, may be used on BART within San Francisco. [3]

Vehicles

T Third St. crossing Islais Creek bridge.
T Third St. crossing Islais Creek bridge. Islais Creek or Islais Creek Channel (previously known as Du Vrees Creek, Islais Channel and Islais Swamp) is a small creek in San Francisco
A retired Boeing Vertol at Duboce Yard.
A retired Boeing Vertol at Duboce Yard.

The first trains operated in the Muni Metro were Boeing-Vertol-manufactured US Standard Light Rail Vehicles, which were built for Muni and Boston's MBTA. Boeing Helicopters (now Boeing Rotorcraft Systems) is a US aircraft manufacturer part of Boeing Integrated Defense Systems. The US Standard Light Rail Vehicle was an attempt at a standardized Light rail vehicle promoted by the United States Urban Mass Transit Administration (UMTA The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority ( MBTA) is "a body politic and corporate and a political subdivision" of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Boeing-Vertol had virtually no experience in building rail vehicles and later left the market in the wake of problems associated with the USSLRV. In fact, 31 of Muni's cars were originally made for MBTA, which rejected them due to their poor quality and proneness to mechanical failures. These LRVs made up the entire fleet of the Metro until December 1996[4] when their replacements, the Breda-manufactured LRVs, locally referred to as "LRV2", arrived. Ansaldobreda SPA is a company based in Pistoia and Naples, Italy and responsible for designing and manufacturing railway and mass transit vehicles Larger in size and more reliable (though seen by some living near Metro routes as louder than their predecessors), the LRV2s became the mainstay of the fleet by the start of the 21st century with the last Boeing car replaced in late 2001. [5]

Because some stops on the Metro system have high platforms and others do not, both the Boeings and the Bredas have variable-height entranceways. Upon entering a car at a street-level stop, passengers must walk up a few stairs; when the train enters a tunnel or approaches a high-level stop, the stair treads rise hydraulically to the level of the car floor. This change is signaled by a piercing whistle (Breda) or bell (Boeing) and occasionally by the operator's announcement.

History

In the middle of the 20th century, San Francisco was served by a number of public transit railways. There were two modes: cable cars, driven by traction from underground cables, and streetcars, powered by overhead electric catenaries. The cable cars still run in San Francisco today; the streetcars were the ancestors of today's Muni Metro. The San Francisco cable car system is the world's last permanently operational manually-operated cable car system and is an icon of San Francisco, California San Francisco is thus one of the few North American cities whose light rail system has operated continuously since the streetcar era.

In the 1950s, as in many North American cities, public transit in San Francisco was consolidated under the aegis of a single municipal corporation, which then began phasing out much of the streetcar network in favor of buses. However, five heavily used streetcar lines traveled for at least part of their routes through tunnels or otherwise reserved right-of-way, and thus could not be converted to bus lines. A right-of-way is a strip of land that is granted – through an Easement or other mechanism – for Transportation purposes such as for a Rail line or As a result, these lines, running traditional PCC streetcars, continued operation until the 1970s, when mass transit rail projects once again came into vogue in the United States. The PCC ( Presidents' Conference Committee) streetcar ( Tram) design was first built in the United States in the 1930s [6]

Original plans for the BART system drawn up in the 1950s envisioned a double-decker subway tunnel under Market Street (known as the Market Street Subway) in downtown San Francisco; the lower deck would be dedicated to express trains, while the upper would be served by local trains whose routes would spread south and west through the city. The Market Street Subway is a tunnel that carries both Rapid transit and Light rail traffic in San Francisco California. After construction of the tunnel had begun, however, these plans were altered; only a single BART route would travel through the city on the lower deck, while the upper deck would be served by the existing Muni streetcar routes. The new tunnel would be connected to the existing Twin Peaks Tunnel. The Twin Peaks Tunnel is a, it was one of the longest railway tunnels in the world ( Paris Métro 's line 1, opened in 1900 beat it by a few miles as did some The new underground stations would feature high platforms, and the older stations would be retrofitted with the same, which meant that the traditional PCCs could not be used in them. Hence, a fleet of new light rail vehicles was ordered from Boeing-Vertol, but were not delivered until 1980, even though the tunnel was completed in 1978. The US Standard Light Rail Vehicle was an attempt at a standardized Light rail vehicle promoted by the United States Urban Mass Transit Administration (UMTA Boeing Helicopters (now Boeing Rotorcraft Systems) is a US aircraft manufacturer part of Boeing Integrated Defense Systems. In February 1980, Muni Metro was officially inaugurated, with weekday N line service in the subway. The Metro service was implemented in phases, with all five lines running in the subway on a full-time basis by November 1982. [6]

In the mid- to late-1990s, San Francisco grew more prosperous and its population expanded with the advent of the dot-com boom, and the Metro system began to feel the strain of increased commuter demand. The " dot-com bubble " (or sometimes the " IT bubble " was a speculative bubble covering roughly 1995–2001 (with a climax on March 10 Muni-bashing had always been something of a civic sport for San Franciscans, and not without reason: the Boeing trains were sub-par and grew crowded quickly, and the difficulty in running a system that was half-streetcar and half-subway with five different routes merging together into one, led to scheduling chaos on the main trunk lines, with long waits between arrivals and commuter-packed trains sometimes sitting motionless in tunnels for extended periods of time.

Muni did take steps to meet these problems. Newer, larger Breda cars were ordered, an extension of the system towards South Beach — where many of the new dot-coms were headquartered — was built, and the underground section was switched to automatic train control (ATC). Ansaldobreda SPA is a company based in Pistoia and Naples, Italy and responsible for designing and manufacturing railway and mass transit vehicles Automatic Train Control (ATC is a Train protection system for Railways ensuring the safe and smooth operation of trains on ATC-enabled lines The Breda cars, however, came in noisy, overweight, oversized, under-braked, and over-budget (their price grew from $2. 2 million per car to nearly $3 million over the course of their production)[7][4]. In fact, the new trains were so heavy (10,000 pounds more than the Boeing LRVs they replaced) that some homeowners, claiming that the exceptional weight of the Breda cars damaged their foundations, sued the city of San Francisco. [8] The Breda cars are longer and wider than the previous Boeing cars, necessitating the modification of subway stations, maintenance yards, as well as the rear view mirrors on the trains themselves. [4] Furthermore, the Breda cars are not run in three car trains, like the Boeing cars used to, as doing so had, in some instances, physically damaged the overhead power wires. [9] The Breda trains were so noisy that San Francisco budgeted over $15 million to quiet them down, while estimates range up to $1 million per car to remedy the excessive noise. [10] To this day, the Breda cars are noisier than the PCC or Boeing cars. In 1998, NTSB inspectors mandated a lower speed limit of 30 mph, down from 50 mph, because the brakes were problematic. [11][12]

Muni meltdown

The ATC system was plagued by numerous glitches when first implemented, initially causing significantly more harm than good. Common occurrences included sending trains down the wrong tracks, and, more often, inappropriately applying emergency braking. [13] Eventually the result was a spectacular service crisis, widely referred to as the "Muni meltdown," in the summer of 1998. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) During this period, two reporters for the San Francisco Chronicle—one riding in the Muni Metro tunnel and one on foot on the surface—held a race through downtown, with the walking reporter emerging the winner. The San Francisco Chronicle was founded in 1865 as The Daily Dramatic Chronicle by teenage brothers Charles de Young and Michael H ATC problems persist to this day, with disabled trains becoming even more common with the introduction of the T Third Street line. Muni Metro's current service is not much better than it was a few years ago, and the quality of service has received declining rates for a number of years. [14]

Upgrading the system

On January 2, 2008, the San Francisco Municipal Railway announced that after finishing their current Metro Improvement Project, has now commenced a project improving the Twin Peaks Tunnel and revitalizing the West Portal Station. Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The San Francisco Municipal Railway, commonly known as Muni, is the Public transit system for the city and county of San Francisco California The Twin Peaks Tunnel is a, it was one of the longest railway tunnels in the world ( Paris Métro 's line 1, opened in 1900 beat it by a few miles as did some West Portal Station is a Muni Metro station in the West Portal neighborhood in San Francisco California. [15]

Recent expansion

In 1998, a four-station extension of the trunk line was built from Embarcadero station to the planned site of the new Giants baseball stadium and the Caltrain depot. The San Francisco Giants are a Major League Baseball team based in, that currently play in the National League West Division. Caltrain ( AAR reporting marks JPBX) is a California Commuter rail line on the San Francisco Peninsula and the Santa Clara This new section of the system, though relatively short, was important: it finally linked the Caltrain commuter system to the city's rail transit network, and it provided service to the burgeoning South Beach and South of Market neighborhoods and the new downtown baseball stadium, AT&T Park. "SoMa" redirects here For the SoMa in Vancouver see South Main. AT&T Park is an open-air ballpark, home to the San Francisco Giants of Major League Baseball. Perhaps even more important, however, was the mere fact that it was built: it represented the first new light rail tracks laid in the city since the three-mile extension of the J Church line in 1993, and its success heralded more expansion in the wings.

In 2007, an extensive new line known as the T Third Street, running south from the current Caltrain depot station along Third Street, opened as part of the Third Street Light Rail Project. The T Third Street is a Muni Metro line in San Francisco California that operates seven days a week from 5am to 1am Features As part of the project the entire Third Street corridor was repaved and received new streetlights This is a modern light rail line, like the Embarcadero extension, and runs all the way to the southern border of the city. At its northern end, the line passes through older industrial areas that have become more residential in the aftermath of the city's late-'90s real estate boom; at its center, it runs through some of San Francisco's most economically depressed areas, and planners hoped that it will improve prospects of those neighborhoods. Limited weekend T line service began on January 13, 2007, while full service began on April 7, 2007, to decidedly sub-par reviews. Events 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 888 - Odo Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Many Muni riders likened the introduction of the T to the 1998 meltdown. [16][17] Meanwhile, residents of the Bayview/Hunters Point neighborhood, the people that the new rail line was supposed to benefit, have expressed a desire to see a return of diesel bus service to the area. [18] Service modifications to address complaints with the introduction of the T Third Street were implemented on June 30, 2007. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. These changes simplified Metro tunnel operations by eliminating the need to turn back T Third Street trains at Castro Street Station and K Ingleside trains at Embarcadero Station. Outbound T service is combined with the outbound K upon entering the subway at Embarcadero (Ferry Portal) and runs to the end of the K line at Balboa Park. Inbound K trains become T Third Street trains upon entering West Portal. [19]

Future expansion

Federal funding has been secured for a new project dubbed the Central Subway. The Central Subway is an extension of the Muni Metro light rail system in San Francisco, California, from the Caltrain commuter rail depot at [20] Muni estimates that the Central Subway will carry roughly 78,000 riders per day by 2030. The Central Subway is an extension of the Muni Metro light rail system in San Francisco, California, from the Caltrain commuter rail depot at 2030 ( MMXXX) will be a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. This line will head north and west from the Caltrain depot before passing underground into a new subway tunnel. It will stop at Moscone Center, then pass under the current Metro tunnel before turning north with stops at Union Square, where transfers will be made to the Market subway at Powell, and continue on to a single stop in Chinatown. The Moscone Center is the largest convention and exhibition complex in San Francisco California. Union Square is a Plaza bordered by Geary, Powell Post and Stockton Street in San Francisco, California. San Francisco 's Chinatown is the oldest Chinatown in North America. With only three proposed subway stations, the line would be relatively short, and it would provide limited service to areas of downtown currently somewhat isolated from the Metro network, and perhaps a springboard for, or discontinuance of, future expansion. Under pressure from every angle, the MTA has proposed a short extension of the tunnel to serve the North Beach neighborhood. [21] Planners estimate the Central Subway will be completed by 2016 at an estimated cost of $1. 5 billion. [22]

No further projects have been settled upon as of yet, though there are several areas in the city that would benefit. One route under particular study is the Geary Street Corridor, which would run west from the Central Subway through the densely populated Western Addition, Japantown, and Richmond neighborhoods north of Golden Gate Park. This is a list of defunct San Francisco Municipal Railway Bus and rail transit routes. The Western Addition is a Neighborhood in San Francisco, California, sandwiched between Van Ness Avenue Golden Gate Park, the Upper "Little Osaka" redirects here For the community in Los Angeles California, see Sawtelle Boulevard. Golden Gate Park, located in San Francisco California, is a large Urban park consisting of 1017 acres (4 [23][24] The 38AX-Geary A Express, 38BX-Geary B Express, 38L-Geary Limited, and the three 38-Geary variant routes combined, which cover the Geary corridor today, make for the most heavily used part of the Muni system. [25]

See also

References

  1. ^ Metro Service Hours. AC Transit (in full Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District) is a regional Bus agency serving parts of Alameda County and Contra Costa County This is a list of rapid transit systems around the world Such systems are commonly called metros subways elevated railways rapid rail or underground railways San Mateo County Transit District ( SamTrans) is a Public transport agency in and around San Mateo California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. The San Francisco Municipal Railway, commonly known as Muni, is the Public transit system for the city and county of San Francisco California This is a list of defunct San Francisco Municipal Railway Bus and rail transit routes. With five different modes of transport from many different vendors the San Francisco Municipal Railway, or Muni as it is commonly known runs one of the most diverse Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (VTA is a Special-purpose district responsible for public transit services congestion management specific highway improvement SelTrac is a digital signalling technology used to control the movements of rail vehicles originally developed by Alcatel. The Market Street Subway is a tunnel that carries both Rapid transit and Light rail traffic in San Francisco California. San Francisco Municipal Railway. Retrieved on January 20, 2007.
  2. ^ Metro Overhead Improvement Project Phase II. San Francisco Municipal Railway. Retrieved on January 20, 2007.
  3. ^ a b Basic Fares. San Francisco Municipal Railway. Retrieved on January 20, 2007.
  4. ^ a b c Muni rolling out first of new fleet of streetcars. San Francisco Chronicle (1996). Retrieved on April 18, 2007.
  5. ^ Muni cars on a roll into city junkyard / Even preservationists reject the clunkers
  6. ^ a b History of the Muni Metro. NYCsubway. org. Retrieved on January 20, 2007.
  7. ^ Muni Investing in More Breda Streetcars. San Francisco Chronicle (1999). Retrieved on April 18, 2007.
  8. ^ J-Line Residents Ready to Rumble Over Breda Cars. The Noe Valley Voice. Retrieved on April 18, 2007.
  9. ^ Coupling without orders is technically an avoidable accident (text/html). Rescue MUNI. Retrieved on April 21, 2007.
  10. ^ Muni Plans to Quiet Streetcars. San Francisco Chronicle (1997). Retrieved on April 18, 2007.
  11. ^ Fundamental Flaws Derail Hopes of Improving Muni. San Francisco Chronicle (1998). Retrieved on April 18, 2007.
  12. ^ Real-time Subways. Gin and Tonic (2004). Retrieved on April 21, 2007.
  13. ^ EBs in the Subway--ARRGH. Rescue MUNI (1998). Retrieved on April 21, 2007.
  14. ^ City Survey 2007 (PDF). sfgov. org. Retrieved on April 18, 2007.
  15. ^ SAN FRANCISCO / Late-night light-rail service adjustments
  16. ^ Muni: "I'm melllllting! Melllllllllllting! Oh, what a world, what a world!". Gothamist. com. Retrieved on April 18, 2007.
  17. ^ Friday the 13th: MUNI Meltdown Wrap Up, and More!. N Judah Chronicles. Retrieved on April 18, 2007.
  18. ^ Third Street line riders frustrated. San Francisco Chronicle (2007). Retrieved on April 19, 2007.
  19. ^ Service Changes Effective June 30, 2007. San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (2007). Retrieved on July 2, 2007.
  20. ^ SFMTA's Central Subway Gets Strong Score from FTA. San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency. Retrieved on 13 October, 2007.
  21. ^ Central Subway: Overview. San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency. Retrieved on 13 October, 2007.
  22. ^ Clang, Clang, Clang, Went the New Subway. SF Weekly. Retrieved on 13 October, 2007.
  23. ^ SOMA Transportation And The Land Use Connection. San Francisco Planning & Urban Research Association. Retrieved on 13 October, 2007.
  24. ^ Geary Rail & Central Subway Redesign Proposal. Rescue MUNI. Retrieved on 13 October, 2007.
  25. ^ Muni Performance. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved on 13 October, 2007.

External links

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