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Mumbai Indians
Image:Mumbai Indians Logo IPL.gif
Coach: Flag of India Lalchand Rajput
Captain: Flag of India Sachin Tendulkar
Colors: Blue
Founded: 2008
Home Ground: Wankhede Stadium, Mumbai & Dr. D.Y. Patil Sports Academy, Nerul, Navi Mumbai
Capacity: 45,000 & 60,000
Owner: Reliance Industries Limited
Adviser: Flag of India Harsha Bhogle
Official Website: Mumbai Indians

Mumbai Indians is a cricket team in the Indian Premier League. Lalchand Sitaram Rajput (born December 18 1961 Mumbai, Maharashtra) is a former Indian Cricketer who played in two Tests and four Blue is a Colour, the Perception of which is evoked by 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Ground Facts and Figures Capacity 40000 Floodlights Yes End names Garware Pavilion End Tata End Curator Sudhir Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial Facts Adam Gilchrist smashed the fastest 100 of the IPL on this ground Nerul is a node of the city of Navi Mumbai in Maharashtra, India Navi Mumbai ( Marathi: नवी मुंबई IAST: New Muṃbaī formerly known as New Bombay, is a city on the west coast of the state of Reliance Industries Limited ( NSE: RELIANCE is India 's largest Private sector conglomerate (and second largest overall with an annual Harsha Bhogle is an Indian Cricket Commentator and Journalist. The Indian Premier League (also known as the " DLF Indian Premier League" and often abbreviated as IPL) is a Twenty20 Cricket competition The team is led by Sachin Tendulkar, who is also the Icon Player for the team. In the Indian Premier League, an icon player is a player who can only play for his home city in the competition The team is coached by Lalchand Rajput, the former manager of the Indian Cricket Team and is owned by India's biggest conglomerate,Reliance Industries, through its 100% subsidiary Ratipriya Trading. Lalchand Sitaram Rajput (born December 18 1961 Mumbai, Maharashtra) is a former Indian Cricketer who played in two Tests and four The Indian cricket team is an international Cricket team representing India. Reliance Industries Limited ( NSE: RELIANCE is India 's largest Private sector conglomerate (and second largest overall with an annual

Contents

History

Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) purchased the rights for the Mumbai franchise of Indian Premier league for a total of $111. 9 million during the auction on January 24, 2008. The RIL bid has made the Mumbai Indians the most expensive franchise in IPL, and hence won the right to hold the semi-finals and the final in Mumbai. The team was unveiled on the 17th of April, 2008 in Mumbai.

2008 IPL season

The season got off to a nightmarish start for the Indians, having lost their captain Sachin Tendulkar to a hamstring injury. The 2008 Indian Premier League season was the debut season of the Indian Premier League, established by the BCCI in 2007. With Harbhajan Singh taking over as captain, the team proceeded to lose their first 4 matches of the tournament. Harbhajan Singh (ਹਰਭਜਨ ਸਿੰਘ born 3 July 1980 in Jalandhar, Punjab, India) is an Indian Cricketer A specialist After Singh’s suspension for hitting Sreesanth, Shaun Pollock assumed the leadership duties until Tendulkar’s return on 14 May. Harbhajan Singh (ਹਰਭਜਨ ਸਿੰਘ born 3 July 1980 in Jalandhar, Punjab, India) is an Indian Cricketer A specialist Shaun Maclean Pollock (born July 16, 1973 in Port Elizabeth) is a retired South African Cricketer who is considered a bowling Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the It was during this time that the team turned their fortunes around, putting together a 6 game winning streak and an opportunity to make the semi-finals. They were unable to take advantage of this opportunity as they lost 3 of their next 4 games, with the 3 losses occuring in very close affairs. The Indians finished with a record of 7 wins and 7 losses.

Logo and brand ambassador

The team logo has the Sudarshana Chakra with the team's name engraved in it. Sudarshana Chakra ( Sanskrit: सुदर्शन चक्रम् is a spinning disc like weapon with very sharp edge which serves as an attribute of the Hindu The team's colour is blue. The team's jersey is a two-tone blue with three stripes in orange.

Bollywood superstar Hrithik Roshan is the brand ambassador of the team[1]. Hrithik Roshan ( Hindi: ऋतिक रोशन pronunciation /rɪt̪ɪk roːʃən/ / born 10 January, 1974) is an award-winning Bollywood

Players

During the player auction, the Mumbai Indians successfully bid for 7 players, including two members of the Indian Twenty-20 World cup winning side in Harbhajan Singh and Robin Uthappa. Harbhajan Singh (ਹਰਭਜਨ ਸਿੰਘ born 3 July 1980 in Jalandhar, Punjab, India) is an Indian Cricketer A specialist Robin Venu Uthappa ( Kodava Takk - Kannada: ರಾಬಿನ್‌ ವೇಣು ಉತ್ತಪ್ಪ Malayalam: റോബിന് ഉത്തപ്പ Sanath Jayasuriya, Lasith Malinga, Dilhara Fernando and Shaun Pollock were other cricketers who were successfully bid for by the franchise. Sanath Teran Jayasuriya (born 30 June, 1969 in Matara) is a Sri Lankan Cricketer The All-rounder has been a member Separamadu Lasith Malinga (born August 28, 1983 in Galle, Sri Lanka) is a Sri Lankan Cricketer He is a specialist Congenige Randhi Dilhara Fernando (born 19 July, 1979, Colombo) is a Cricketer who plays for Sri Lanka. Shaun Maclean Pollock (born July 16, 1973 in Port Elizabeth) is a retired South African Cricketer who is considered a bowling [2]

Outside of the player auction, the franchise has also signed up Ajinkya Rahane and Abhishek Nayar (from Mumbai), Yogesh Takawale (WK-Batsman from Maharashtra) and Pinal Shah (WK-Batsman from Baroda). [3] Saurabh Tiwary and Manish Pandey, the members of the U-19 world-cup winning team were the random picks drafted in during the BCCI held second auction. Dominic Thornely was also signed by the Mumbai Indians for a sum of 25000 USD. Dominic Thornely is an Australian cricketer who plays for the New South Wales Blues in Australian domestic cricket

Andre Nel the South African fast bowler has been signed on in the place of Dwayne Bravo. Andre Nel (born 15 July 1977 Germiston, Transvaal) is a South African Cricketer who plays Test cricket and ODIs as a Dwayne James John Bravo (born 7 October 1983 in Trinidad and Tobago) is a West Indian Cricketer A genuine All-rounder, Bravo is expected to [1]

Stadiums

The Mumbai Indians have two home grounds, the Wankhede Stadium and the recently built DY Patil Stadium. Ground Facts and Figures Capacity 40000 Floodlights Yes End names Garware Pavilion End Tata End Curator Sudhir Facts Adam Gilchrist smashed the fastest 100 of the IPL on this ground

Current squad

Batsmen

No. Mike Powell cricketerjpg|thumb|200px| Warwickshire batsman Mike Powell]] A batsman in the sport of Cricket is depending on context Any Name Age Nationality Batting Style Bowling/Fielding Bidding/Sign-in Price
Loots Bosman 30 Flag of South Africa South Africa Right-handed Right-arm medium US$ 175,000
Ashwell Prince 30 Flag of South Africa South Africa Left-handed Left-arm orthodox spin US$ 175,000
27 Ajinkya Rahane 19 Flag of India India Right-handed Right-arm medium Under 22 Player
Manish Pandey 18 Flag of India India Right-handed Right-arm off-break India Under-19 Team
15 Saurabh Tiwary 18 Flag of India India Left-handed India Under-19 Team
Gaurav Dhiman 21 Flag of India India Right-handed Right-arm fast-medium Under 22 Player

Wicket Keepers / All Rounders

No. Lungile Loots Bosman (born 14 April 1977 in Kimberley, Cape Province) is a South African Cricketer He is a right hand batsman The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Mike Powell cricketerjpg|thumb|200px| Warwickshire batsman Mike Powell]] A batsman in the sport of Cricket is depending on context Any Fast bowling, sometimes known as pace bowling, is one of the two main approaches to bowling in the Sport of Cricket. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been Ashwell Gavin Prince (born 28 May 1977 in Port Elizabeth, Cape Province) is a Cricketer who plays Test and One Day International cricket The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Mike Powell cricketerjpg|thumb|200px| Warwickshire batsman Mike Powell]] A batsman in the sport of Cricket is depending on context Any Left-arm orthodox spin is a style of bowling in the sport of Cricket. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Mike Powell cricketerjpg|thumb|200px| Warwickshire batsman Mike Powell]] A batsman in the sport of Cricket is depending on context Any Fast bowling, sometimes known as pace bowling, is one of the two main approaches to bowling in the Sport of Cricket. Manish Pandey (born September 10, 1989 in Karnataka) is an Indian First class cricketer He is a right handed Middle order India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Mike Powell cricketerjpg|thumb|200px| Warwickshire batsman Mike Powell]] A batsman in the sport of Cricket is depending on context Any Off spin is a type of bowling in the Sport of Cricket which is bowled by an off spinner a right-handed spin bowler who The under-19 team for India which played and came out unbeaten and victorious in the 2008 U-19 Cricket World Cup was Virat Kohli ( Captain Saurabh Sunil Tiwary (born December 30, 1989 in Jamshedpur, Bihar) is an Indian First class cricketer Tiwary is a left handed India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Mike Powell cricketerjpg|thumb|200px| Warwickshire batsman Mike Powell]] A batsman in the sport of Cricket is depending on context Any The under-19 team for India which played and came out unbeaten and victorious in the 2008 U-19 Cricket World Cup was Virat Kohli ( Captain India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Mike Powell cricketerjpg|thumb|200px| Warwickshire batsman Mike Powell]] A batsman in the sport of Cricket is depending on context Any Fast bowling, sometimes known as pace bowling, is one of the two main approaches to bowling in the Sport of Cricket. Cricket wicket keeperjpg|thumb|300px|A wicket-keeper in characteristic position ready to face a delivery An all-rounder is a Cricket player who excels at both batting and bowling. Name Age Nationality Batting Style Bowling/Fielding Bidding/Sign-in Price|-
10 Sachin Tendulkar Captain 35 Flag of India India Right-handed Right-arm Off-break/Leg break/Medium US$ 1,121,250 (Icon Player)
1 Sanath Jayasuriya 38 Flag of Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Left-handed Left-arm orthodox spin US$ 975,000
34 Luke Ronchi 26 Flag of Australia Australia Right-handed Wicket keeper Unknown[4]
77 Robin Uthappa 22 Flag of India India Right-handed Wicket keeper/Right-arm medium US$ 800,000
7 Shaun Pollock 35 Flag of South Africa South Africa Right-handed Right-arm medium-fast US$ 550,000
12 Yogesh Takawale 23 Flag of India India Right-handed Wicket keeper Maharashtra - Ranji Trophy Player
16 Pinal Shah 20 Flag of India India Right-handed Wicket keeper Under 22 Player
47 Dwayne Bravo 24 Flag of the West Indies Cricket Board West Indies Right-handed Right-arm medium-fast Replacement for Lasith Malinga[5]
50 Dwayne Smith 25 Flag of the West Indies Cricket Board West Indies Right-handed Right-arm medium Replacement for Dwayne Bravo[6]
25 Abhishek Nayar 24 Flag of India India Left-handed Right-arm medium-fast Mumbai - Ranji Trophy Player
17 Dominic Thornely 29 Flag of Australia Australia Right-handed Right-arm medium US$ 25,000

Bowlers

No. The captain of a Cricket team is a player who during the course of a match has several additional roles and responsibilities over and above those of a regular player In the Indian Premier League, an icon player is a player who can only play for his home city in the competition India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Mike Powell cricketerjpg|thumb|200px| Warwickshire batsman Mike Powell]] A batsman in the sport of Cricket is depending on context Any Off spin is a type of bowling in the Sport of Cricket which is bowled by an off spinner a right-handed spin bowler who Leg spin is a style of Spin bowling in Cricket. A leg spinner bowls right-arm with a Wrist spin action causing the ball to spin anti-clockwise at the point Fast bowling, sometimes known as pace bowling, is one of the two main approaches to bowling in the Sport of Cricket. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been In the Indian Premier League, an icon player is a player who can only play for his home city in the competition In the Indian Premier League, an icon player is a player who can only play for his home city in the competition Sanath Teran Jayasuriya (born 30 June, 1969 in Matara) is a Sri Lankan Cricketer The All-rounder has been a member Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island Mike Powell cricketerjpg|thumb|200px| Warwickshire batsman Mike Powell]] A batsman in the sport of Cricket is depending on context Any Left-arm orthodox spin is a style of bowling in the sport of Cricket. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been Luke Ronchi (born 23 April 1981 in Dannevirke, Manawatu New Zealand) is an Australian professional cricketer who currently plays for Australia and For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Mike Powell cricketerjpg|thumb|200px| Warwickshire batsman Mike Powell]] A batsman in the sport of Cricket is depending on context Any Cricket wicket keeperjpg|thumb|300px|A wicket-keeper in characteristic position ready to face a delivery Robin Venu Uthappa ( Kodava Takk - Kannada: ರಾಬಿನ್‌ ವೇಣು ಉತ್ತಪ್ಪ Malayalam: റോബിന് ഉത്തപ്പ India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Mike Powell cricketerjpg|thumb|200px| Warwickshire batsman Mike Powell]] A batsman in the sport of Cricket is depending on context Any Cricket wicket keeperjpg|thumb|300px|A wicket-keeper in characteristic position ready to face a delivery Off spin is a type of bowling in the Sport of Cricket which is bowled by an off spinner a right-handed spin bowler who The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been Shaun Maclean Pollock (born July 16, 1973 in Port Elizabeth) is a retired South African Cricketer who is considered a bowling The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Mike Powell cricketerjpg|thumb|200px| Warwickshire batsman Mike Powell]] A batsman in the sport of Cricket is depending on context Any Fast bowling, sometimes known as pace bowling, is one of the two main approaches to bowling in the Sport of Cricket. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Mike Powell cricketerjpg|thumb|200px| Warwickshire batsman Mike Powell]] A batsman in the sport of Cricket is depending on context Any Cricket wicket keeperjpg|thumb|300px|A wicket-keeper in characteristic position ready to face a delivery The Maharashtra cricket team is a domestic cricket team based in the Indian state of Maharashtra in the city of Pune. Pinal Shah (born 3 November, 1987, in Baroda) has been selected as the wicket-keeper for India U19s World Cup squad India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Mike Powell cricketerjpg|thumb|200px| Warwickshire batsman Mike Powell]] A batsman in the sport of Cricket is depending on context Any Cricket wicket keeperjpg|thumb|300px|A wicket-keeper in characteristic position ready to face a delivery Dwayne James John Bravo (born 7 October 1983 in Trinidad and Tobago) is a West Indian Cricketer A genuine All-rounder, Bravo is expected to The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting Mike Powell cricketerjpg|thumb|200px| Warwickshire batsman Mike Powell]] A batsman in the sport of Cricket is depending on context Any Fast bowling, sometimes known as pace bowling, is one of the two main approaches to bowling in the Sport of Cricket. Dwayne Romel Smith (born 12 April, 1983, Storey Gap, St Michael, Barbados) is a West Indies All-rounder who The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting Mike Powell cricketerjpg|thumb|200px| Warwickshire batsman Mike Powell]] A batsman in the sport of Cricket is depending on context Any Fast bowling, sometimes known as pace bowling, is one of the two main approaches to bowling in the Sport of Cricket. Abhishek Mohan Nayar (born October 8 1983) is an Indian cricketer currently bought by Mumbai Indians in the Indian Premier League. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Mike Powell cricketerjpg|thumb|200px| Warwickshire batsman Mike Powell]] A batsman in the sport of Cricket is depending on context Any Fast bowling, sometimes known as pace bowling, is one of the two main approaches to bowling in the Sport of Cricket. The Mumbai cricket team is a Cricket team representing the city of Mumbai in Indian domestic cricket Dominic Thornely is an Australian cricketer who plays for the New South Wales Blues in Australian domestic cricket For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Mike Powell cricketerjpg|thumb|200px| Warwickshire batsman Mike Powell]] A batsman in the sport of Cricket is depending on context Any Fast bowling, sometimes known as pace bowling, is one of the two main approaches to bowling in the Sport of Cricket. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been Muralijpg|thumb|250px|right|The world's leading off-spin bowler Muttiah Muralitharan sends down a delivery]] A bowler in the Sport of Cricket is usually Name Age Nationality Batting Style Bowling/Fielding Bidding/Sign-in Price
3 Harbhajan Singh 27 Flag of India India Right-handed Right-arm off-break US$ 850,000
99 Lasith Malinga 24 Flag of Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Right-handed Right-arm fast US$ 350,000
26 Dilhara Fernando 29 Flag of Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Right-handed Right-arm fast-medium US$ 150,000
64 Ashish Nehra 28 Flag of India India Right-handed Left-arm fast-medium Delhi - Ranji Trophy Player
30 Dhawal Kulkarni 19 Flag of India India Right-handed Right-arm medium Under 22 Player
Andre Nel 30 Flag of South Africa South Africa Right-handed Right-arm medium Replacement for Dwayne Bravo
24 Rohan Raje 21 Flag of India India Right-handed Right-arm fast medium Under 22 Player
Siddharth Chitnis 21 Flag of India India Right-handed Right-arm off-break Under 22 Player
Vikrant Yeligati 23 Flag of India India Right-handed Right-arm off-break Mumbai - Ranji Trophy Player

Administration and coaching staff

Front Office:

Support Staff:

Fixtures and results

IPL Mumbai 2008 Season

No. Date Opponent Venue Result
1 20 April Royal Challengers Bangalore Mumbai Lost by 5 wickets
2 23 April Chennai Super Kings Chennai Lost by 6 runs
3 25 April Kings XI Punjab Mohali Lost by 66 runs
4 27 April Deccan Chargers Navi Mumbai Lost by 10 wickets
5 29 April Kolkata Knight Riders Kolkata Won by 7 wickets, MoM – Sanath Jayasuriya – 3/14 (4 overs) and 18 (10)
6 4 May Delhi Daredevils Navi Mumbai Won by 29 runs, MoM – Shaun Pollock – 33 (15) and 2/16 (4 overs)
7 7 May Rajasthan Royals Navi Mumbai Won by 7 wickets, MoM – Ashish Nehra – 3/13 (3 overs)
8 14 May Chennai Super Kings Mumbai Won by 9 wickets, MoM – Sanath Jayasuriya – 114* (48)
9 16 May Kolkata Knight Riders Mumbai Won by 8 wickets, MoM – Shaun Pollock – 3/12 (4 overs)
10 18 May Deccan Chargers Hyderabad Won by 25 runs, MoM – Dwayne Bravo – 30 (17) and 3/24 (4 overs)
11 21 May Kings XI Punjab Mumbai Lost by 1 run
12 24 May Delhi Daredevils Delhi Lost by 5 wickets
13 26 May Rajasthan Royals Jaipur Lost by 5 wickets
14 28 May Royal Challengers Bangalore Bangalore Won by 9 wickets, MoM – Dilhara Fernando – 4/18 (4 overs)

External links

References

  1. ^ "Mumbai Indians rope in Hrithik Roshan as brand ambassador", The Times of India, 2008-04-14. Royal Challengers Bangalore (also referred to as RCB) is the team representing the city of Bangalore in the Indian Premier League, the inaugural Ground Facts and Figures Capacity 40000 Floodlights Yes End names Garware Pavilion End Tata End Curator Sudhir Chennai Super Kings is the Chennai based franchise of the Indian Premier League. The M A Chidambaram Stadium is a cricket stadium in Chennai (formerly Madras India, named after M Kings XI Punjab is a sports franchise based in Mohali in the eight team Indian Premier League. Deccan Chargers is the franchise that represents the city of Hyderabad in the Indian Premier League. Facts Adam Gilchrist smashed the fastest 100 of the IPL on this ground Kolkata Knight Riders (also referred to as KKR) is the franchise representing Kolkata in the Indian Premier League, a Twenty20 cricket Ground Facts and Figures Floodlights: Yes End names: High Court End Club House End Home team(s: Bengal India Kolkata Knight In Sport, a man of the match or player of the game or man of the series award is given to the outstanding player almost always the one who makes the most Delhi Daredevils Home Ground The Daredevils play their home matches in the Feroz Shah Kotla ground located in New Delhi, under the newly installed Rajasthan Royals is a franchise Cricket team that represents the state of Rajasthan in the IPL. In Cricket, not out is a term used on scorecards to signify that a Batsman has not been dismissed when the Innings is finished History HCA's previous home ground was the Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium in the Fateh Maidan sports complex at Basheerbagh in central Hyderabad The Sawai Mansingh Stadium is a Cricket stadium in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. Records Test Match Records Highest innings total India 626/all out - India vs Pakistan 3rd Test in Bangalore Highest individual score 267 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 43 BC - Battle of Forum Gallorum: Mark Antony, besieging Julius Caesar 's assassin Decimus Junius Brutus in  
  2. ^ Dhoni, Symonds fetch highest prices in the lucrative new Indian Premier League bidding - International Herald Tribune
  3. ^ "IPL: Rahane joins Mumbai", 2008-02-26. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed  
  4. ^ Cricinfo - Mumbai pick up exciting Ronchi for three years
  5. ^ iplt20.com - WI's Bravo joins DLF Indian Premier League
  6. ^ Cricinfo - Dwayne Smith added to Mumbai squad
  7. ^ "Sachin will be fit for IPL: Lalchand Rajput", 2008-04-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor  

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