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Multiple citizenship, or multiple nationality, is a status in which a person is concurrently regarded as a citizen under the laws of more than one state. In Political geography and International politics, a country is a Political division of a geographical entity

Dual citizenship (being a citizen of two nations), or dual nationality, is the most common type of multiple citizenship.

Multiple citizenships exist because different countries use different, and not necessarily mutually exclusive, criteria to bestow citizenship. Thus, a person becomes a citizen of multiple countries because countries, not persons, decide who is and who is not a citizen.

Individual countries follow their own individual rationales in establishing their criteria for citizenship. Some countries bestow citizenship automatically at birth to persons with a parent who is one of their nationals (jus sanguinis), or to persons born on their territory (jus soli), or through marriage to persons wedding their nationals (jure matrimonii). Jus sanguinis ( Latin for "right of blood" is a Social policy by which Nationality or Citizenship is not determined by place of birth Jus soli ( Latin for "right of the soil" or somewhat figuratively "right of the territory" or birthright citizenship, is a Right [1] Other nations (such as Australia) allow the grant of citizenship to be made to the children of citizens under certain circumstances. Australian nationality law is based primarily on the principle of Jus soli. In addition, citizenship can be granted through naturalization. Naturalization is the acquisition of Citizenship or Nationality by somebody who was not a citizen or national of that country when he or she was born Once citizenship is bestowed, the bestowing country may or may not consider a voluntary renunciation of citizenship to be valid.

Some countries consider multiple citizenship undesirable and take measures to prevent it; this may (e. g. , in Denmark, Japan, Singapore and India) take the form of an automatic loss of a citizenship if another citizenship is acquired voluntarily, or (e. Danish nationality law is ruled by the Constitutional act of Denmark (of 1953) and the Consolidated Act of Danish Nationality (of 2003, with amendment in Japanese nationality is generally governed by the Nationality Law of 1950 Singaporean nationality law is derived from the Constitution of Singapore and is based on Jus sanguinis and a modified form of Jus soli Indian citizenship and nationality law: The Constitution of India provides for a single citizenship for the entire country g. , carrying a foreign passport in Saudi Arabia) criminal penalties for exercising another citizenship. A passport is a document issued by a national government which certifies for the purpose of international travel the identity and nationality of its holder Others may allow a citizen to have any number of nationalities. However, since each country decides for itself who its citizens are, based solely on its own laws and generally without regard for the laws of other countries, it is quite possible for a given individual to be considered a citizen by two or more countries even if some or all of these countries forbid dual or multiple citizenship.

On the other hand, some countries consider multiple citizenship desirable because it increases opportunities for their citizens to compete and build contacts globally, and/or have taken active steps towards permitting multiple citizenship in recent years (e. g. , Australia since April 4, 2002. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. [2]; India, as noted below, has introduced a form of overseas citizenship but this stops well short of full dual citizenship [3]). India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Multiple citizenship, or multiple nationality is a status in which a person is concurrently regarded as a Citizen under the laws of more than one state.

Many countries, even those which "permit" dual or multiple citizenship, do not "recognize" dual or multiple citizenship under their laws: individuals are treated either as citizens of that country or not, and their citizenship with respect to other countries is considered to have no bearing. This can mean, (e. g. , in Iran,[4] Mexico, many Arab countries, former Soviet republics) that consular officials abroad may not have access to their citizens if they also hold local citizenship. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Some countries may provide access for consular officials as a matter of courtesy, but do not accept any obligation to do so under international consular agreements. The right of countries to act in this fashion is protected via the Master Nationality Rule. The Master Nationality Rule is a consequence of Article 4 of The Hague Convention on Certain Questions Relating to the Conflict of Nationality Laws of 1930 In popular discourse, reference to countries that "recognize" multiple citizenship may refer only to the lack of any specific statute forbidding multiple citizenship (leaving aside the difficulties of enforcing such statutes).

Contents

Citizenship of multiple countries

Each country has different requirements for citizenship, as well as different policies regarding dual citizenship. These laws sometimes leave gaps where the acquisition of other citizenships don't render the original citizenship invalid, creating a possible situation for an individual to hold two or more nationalities.

The Republic of Ireland extends its citizenship laws to Northern Ireland, which is part of the United Kingdom. Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Therefore, anyone born in Northern Ireland may, if they wish, exercise an entitlement to Irish citizenship by simply applying for an Irish passport. See Irish nationality law and British nationality law. Irish nationality law is the law of Republic of Ireland governing citizenship British nationality law is the law of the United Kingdom concerning Citizenship and other categories of British Nationality.

Sub-national citizenship

Supra-national citizenship

Overseas citizenship

There now exists a provision for a new form of Indian nationality, the holders of which are to be known as Overseas Citizens of India. The Constitution of India does not permit dual citizenship or dual nationality, except for minors where the second nationality was involuntarily acquired. Indian authorities have interpreted the law to mean a person can't have a second country's passport simultaneously with an Indian one — even in the case of a child who is claimed by another country as a citizen of that country, and who may be required by the laws of the other country to use one of its passports for foreign travel (e. g. , a child born in the United States to Indian parents) — and the Indian courts have given the executive branch wide discretion over this matter. Therefore, Overseas Citizenship of India is not a full citizenship of India and thus, does not amount to dual citizenship or dual nationality. Moreover, people who have acquired Citizenship in Pakistan or Bangladesh are not eligible for Overseas Citizenship.

For more details on this topic, see Indian nationality law#Overseas citizenship of India. Indian citizenship and nationality law: The Constitution of India provides for a single citizenship for the entire country

Issues

Being a citizen of more than one country can have many advantages as it allows to draw various citizenship benefits from multiple sources. This includes the rights to establish residence, to work, and to acquire property, educational opportunities, eligibility for various government subsidies, including healthcare and retirement, etc. However, it is prudent to realize that each citizenship carries also responsibilities and obligations and that being a citizen of another country may be a liability. There are a number of categories where potential problems call for caution or even for obtaining professional legal counsel.

Security clearance

Dual citizenship is associated with two categories of security concerns: foreign influence and foreign preference. Contrary to common misconceptions, dual citizenship in itself is not the major problem in obtaining or retaining security clearance in the United States. For use by the United Nations, see Security Clearance (UN A security clearance is a status granted to individuals allowing them access to Classified As a matter of fact, if a security clearance applicant's dual citizenship is "based solely on parents' citizenship or birth in a foreign country", that can be a mitigating condition. [8] However, exercising (taking advantage of the entitlements of) a non-U. S. citizenship can cause problems. For example, possession and/or use of a foreign passport is a condition disqualifying from security clearance and ". A passport is a document issued by a national government which certifies for the purpose of international travel the identity and nationality of its holder . . is not mitigated by reasons of personal convenience, safety, requirements of foreign law, or the identity of the foreign country" as is explicitly clarified in a Department of Defense policy memorandum which defines a guideline requiring that ". . . any clearance be denied or revoked unless the applicant surrenders the foreign passport or obtains official permission for its use from the appropriate agency of the United States Government". [9] This guideline has been followed in administrative rulings by the United States Department of Defense (DoD) Defense Office of Hearings and Appeals (DOHA) office of Industrial Security Clearance Review (ISCR), which decides cases involving security clearances for Contractor personnel doing classified work for all DoD components. The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government One such case is [1]

Appearance of foreign allegiance

In addition to the formal adjudicative process of security clearance, there is a matter of public perception for individuals with dual citizenship as demonstrating potential dual loyalty that applies to any government office, even one that does not require security clearance. Dual loyalty is a term used in Political discussions to describe a situation where a person has loyalty to two separate interests which potentially conflict with each other

In the United States, dual citizenship is not very common among politicians, although Arnold Schwarzenegger has retained his Austrian citizenship during his service as a Governor of California. Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger ( German ˌaɐnɔlt aloʏs ˈʃvaɐtsənɛɡɐ born July 30 1947 is an Austrian American Bodybuilder, Actor Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. [10]

In Canada, conversely, federal cabinet ministers often have dual citizenship with France or the United Kingdom and this in the past has not been an issue to their security clearances. One small controversy did arise in 2005 when Michaëlle Jean was appointed the Governor General of Canada (official representative of the Queen and Canada's de facto head of state in the Queen's absence). Michaëlle Jean, CC CMM COM CD ʒɑ̃ (born September 6, 1957, in Port-au-Prince, The Governor General of Canada ( French: Gouverneure générale du Canada, or: Gouverneur général du Canada) is the vice-regal representative For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II Although Jean no longer holds citizenship in her native Haiti, her marriage to French-born filmmaker Jean-Daniel Lafond allowed her to obtain French citizenship several years before her appointment. Haiti ( English: ˈheɪ·tiː or haɪ·ˈjiː·tiː French Haïti a·i·ti Haitian Creole: Jean-Daniel Lafond CC (born 1944 is a French -born Canadian filmmaker and the husband to Governor General Michaëlle A section of the French civil code forbids French citizens from holding government or military positions in other countries and Jean's appointment made her both de facto head of state and commander-in-chief of the Canadian forces. The French embassy released a statement that this law would not be enforced because the Governor General is essentially a ceremonial figurehead. Nevertheless Jean renounced her French citizenship two days before taking up office to avoid controversy. Renunciation is a voluntary act of relinquishing one's Citizenship (or Nationality) [11]

Former Canadian Prime Minister John Turner was born in the United Kingdom and retains his dual citizenship to this day. John Napier Wyndham Turner PC CC QC (born June 7, 1929) is a retired Canadian Lawyer and Politician Stéphane Dion, current head of the Liberal Party of Canada and the leader of the official opposition, holds dual citizenship with France due to his mother's nationality; Dion has, however, indicated a willingness to renounce French citizenship if a significant number of Canadians view it negatively, in order not to hamper his party's prospects in a future election. Stéphane Maurice Dion PC not change it to "Liberal"! --> MP The Liberal Party of Canada ( Parti libéral du Canada) colloquially known as the Grits (originally " Clear Grits " is a major Canadian political In Canada Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition ( French: L'Opposition Loyale de Sa Majesté) commonly known as the Official Opposition, is usually [12]

The Constitution of Australia, in Section 44, explicitly forbids individuals who hold foreign citizenship from sitting in the parliament of Australia. The Constitution of Australia is the law under which the Australian Commonwealth Government operates Section 44 of the Australian Constitution is a section of the Constitution of Australia that deals with restrictions on who may become a candidate for election to the Parliament The Parliament of Australia or Commonwealth Parliament is the legislative branch of government of Australia. A court case (see Sue v Hill) determined that Britain is a foreign power for purposes of this section of the constitution despite Australia and Britain holding a common nationality at the time of Australian federation, and ruling that Senator-elect Heather Hill had not been duly elected to the national parliament because at the time of her election she was a subject or citizen of a foreign power. Sue v Hill was an Australian court case decided in the High Court of Australia on 23 June 1999. The Senate is the upper of the two houses of the Parliament of Australia. Heather Hill (born 9 August 1960 is a former English - Australian politician [13] (This restriction does not apply to members of the state parliaments, who may hold foreign citizenship. )

Taxation

In some cases, multiple citizenship can create additional tax liability. Countries that impose tax will generally use a combination of three factors when determining if a person is subject to taxation:

Most countries use residency and/or source when determining if a person should be subject to taxation. A few countries, such as the Philippines and the United States, do use citizenship as one of the determining factors for tax liability. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

A person with multiple citizenship may have a tax liability to his country of residence and also to one or more of his countries of citizenship; or worse, if he was unaware that one of his citizenships created a tax liability, then that country may consider him to be a tax evader. Many countries and territories have contracted tax treaties or agreements for avoiding double taxation. Tax treaties exist between many countries on a bilateral basis to prevent Double taxation ( Taxes levied twice on the same Income, Profit, Double taxation is the imposition of two or more Taxes on the same income (in the case of income taxes) Asset (in the case of capital taxes) Still, there are cases in which a person with multiple citizenship will owe tax solely on the basis of holding one of those citizenships.

Example: A person who holds both Australian and United States citizenship, lives and works in Australia. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. He would be subject to Australian taxation, because Australia taxes its residents, and he would be subject to US taxation because he holds US citizenship. In general, he would be allowed to subtract the Australian income tax he paid from the US tax that would be due. Plus, the US will allow some parts of foreign income to be exempt from taxation; for instance, in 2006 the foreign earned income exclusion allowed up to US$82,400 of foreign salaried income to be exempt from income tax. Tax forms in the United States are used by taxpayers and tax-exempt organizations to report financial information to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been [14] This exemption, plus the credit for foreign taxes paid mentioned above, often results in no US taxes being owed, although a US tax return would still have to be filed. In instances where the Australian tax was less than the US tax, and if there was income that could not be exempted from US tax, the US would expect any tax due to be paid.

Other

There may be also problems with conscription, travel restrictions, embargoes and sets of laws issued by multiple governments governing one’s behaviour domestically and while traveling abroad. Conscription (also known as the draft, the call-up or national service) is a general term for involuntary labor demanded by some established authority In international Commerce and politics, an embargo is the prohibition of commerce In extreme cases, such as when the countries of citizenship are at war with each other, a dual citizen’s international status can be very complicated, and, historically, often led to incarceration of the “enemy” citizen, notwithstanding the person’s actual loyalties. War is an international relations Dispute, characterized by organized Violence between National Military units If someone faces problems resulting from multiple citizenship, they may choose to resolve them by renouncing the undesirable citizenship(s). Renunciation is a voluntary act of relinquishing one's Citizenship (or Nationality)

During the heightened interest in security after the attacks of September 11, 2001, the security issue was raised of persons with multiple citizenship traveling under different names — having passports under their old and new names from different countries — and using one kind of passport to exit a country, while traveling on another passport in a different name abroad, and not disclosing this travel upon return. Legislation is being prepared in Canada to end this practice, identify persons traveling abroad under different names and passports, and possible security issues that might arise under the current system.

Examples

Example 1: A person born in Canada to a American father and a Canadian mother would have Canadian citizenship by birth, and may also have US citizenship, depending on certain circumstances (the parents' marital status, date of the child's birth, and whether the US citizen parent has met certain physical presence requirements). Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Article I section 8 clause 4 of the United States Constitution expressly gives the United States Congress the power to establish a uniform rule of naturalization If the requirements have been met, then the child would also be a US citizen, and therefore would have dual citizenship. [15]

Example 2: A person born in Canada after January 1, 1983 to parents who are respectively a Japanese father and a British mother (otherwise than by descent) is entitled to triple citizenship at birth. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Lex sanguinis applies for British and Japanese citizenships through parental blood relationships, and lex soli applies for Canadian citizenship because of birth on Canadian soil. Jus sanguinis ( Latin for "right of blood" is a Social policy by which Nationality or Citizenship is not determined by place of birth Jus soli ( Latin for "right of the soil" or somewhat figuratively "right of the territory" or birthright citizenship, is a Right However, according to Japanese nationality law, Japanese citizenship would be lost if British and Canadian citizenships are not renounced between the ages of 20 and 22 (although renunciation of British nationality to a foreign authority is not recognised under British nationality law). Japanese nationality is generally governed by the Nationality Law of 1950 British nationality law is the law of the United Kingdom concerning Citizenship and other categories of British Nationality. Furthermore, lex sanguinis would not apply automatically to any children born to this person outside the UK.

Example 3: A British citizen also holds European Union and Commonwealth of Nations citizenship. In addition, most UK citizens born in Northern Ireland are also entitled to citizenship of the Republic of Ireland.

Example 4: A person born in the US to one or both Canadian parents is entitled to both US and Canadian citizenship. A person born outside Canada to a Canadian parent is a Canadian citizen (though, in certain limited situations, the Canadian citizenship of someone born to a Canadian parent outside Canada may expire on the person's 28th birthday).

Example 5: A person born in Canada to an Algerian father and British mother automatically acquires the Algerian citizenship [16] and is entitled to British citizenship (in both cases, jus sanguinis). The child also is also entitled to Canadian citizenship (jus soli). Unlike Japan (see Example 2), Algeria allows its nationals to acquire multiple citizenship. [16] However, Algeria recognizes its nationals on its soil as Algerian, which can limit the ability of other countries whose citizenship the child possesses to provide consular assistance to the child when (s)he encounters problems. [16]

Example 6: A person born in Canada to a Moroccan father and Russian mother automatically acquires the father's citizenship at birth. [17] The child is also entitled to Russian citizenship (jus sanguinis) and Canadian citizenship (jus soli). However, Morocco and Russia recognize their nationals on their soil as their nationals, which can limit the ability of other countries whose citizenship the child possesses from providing consular assistance to the child when (s)he encounters problems. [17][18] Russia and Morocco, like Algeria, allow their nationals to acquire multiple citizenship.

Example 7: A person born in the UK to a Syrian father and American mother automatically acquires the father's citizenship at birth. [19] The child may also be entitled to United States citizenship (jus sanguinis), depending on the parent's marital status and the amount of physical presence the mother has spent in the U. S. Although America recognizes multiple citizenship, Syria does not, which could create complications for Syrians who also hold non-Syrian citizenship. [19] A child born inside the UK on or after January 1, 1983 acquires British citizenship at birth only if at least one of the parents is "settled" in the UK at the time of the birth (i. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) e. is a British citizen or otherwise has the right of abode in the UK, is an Irish citizen, is a citizen of an EU/EEA country and has permanent residence in the UK, or holds indefinite leave to remain in the UK). Right of abode is a status under United Kingdom immigration laws that gives an unrestricted right to live in the United Kingdom Indefinite leave to remain ( ILR) is an immigration status granted to a person who does not hold right of abode in the United Kingdom, but who has been admitted Prior to this date anyone born in the UK was automatically a British Citizen.

Example 8: A person of Chinese descent born in Hong Kong prior to January 1, 1983 would be a British subject (known also as Commonwealth citizen at that time); citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies; and People's Republic of China citizen at birth, with right to abode in Hong Kong (jus soli in both cases; and jus sanguinis for China). Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) In British nationality law, the term British subject has at different times had different meanings A Commonwealth citizen, formerly known as a British subject, is generally a person who is a national of any country within the Commonwealth of Nations. This is to note that the PRC recognises only Chinese citizenship for its Chinese nationals born within the "official" borders of the PRC which includes Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan. When this person become naturalised in a foreign country, say Canada, he would normally have lost his PRC citizenship status automatically, if not immediately after July 1, 1997 -- when Chinese Nationality Law would take effect in Hong Kong. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar However, a special interpretation given in 1996 for the Hong Kong Basic Law allows for this person to keep his Chinese nationality but his foreign nationality would not be recognised on PRC soil. The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, or simply Hong Kong Basic Law, serves as the Constitutional document This person's British nationality of any kind in connection with Hong Kong would have been lost unless he has applied for British National (Overseas) status prior to July 1, 1997. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar However, by virtue of being a BN(O) or Canadian Citizen, that person is a Commonwealth citizen. Being a person of Chinese descent who has a third country of permanent residence (Canada), this person is also entitled to claim Republic of China citizenship (jus sanguinis). REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES He is eligible to obtain a ROC passport since theoretically all Chinese are ROC citizens. The Republic of China passport ( Zhōnghuá Mínguó hùzhào) is the National Passport issued Controversially, this would be contradictory to his PRC citizenship.

Example 9: A citizen of Ireland who naturalizes in the United States would end up having both Irish and U. S. citizenships, despite the fact that the U. S. naturalization oath contains a statement of renunciation. The U. S. State Department does not prevent its citizens from holding other citizenships and the Irish government does not recognise the renunciation clause of the oath.

Example 10: A person who was born in the People's Republic of China, who later naturalized in Canada, who then later naturalized in the United States after 1977, and who then later naturalized in France, will be a citizen of Canada, the U. S. , and France, but not the People's Republic of China. Chinese nationality would have been lost because Article 9 of Chinese nationality law automatically deprives citizenship to those who voluntarily acquire another citizenship. For other uses see Chinese nationality. The Nationality Law of the People's Republic of China ( regulates Citizenship in the People's [20] However, under the Canadian nationality law after 1977, it is essentially impossible to involuntarily lose citizenship unless the citizenship was fraudulently obtained. Canada was the second nation in the then British Commonwealth to establish its own nationality law in 1946, with the enactment of the Canadian Citizenship Act 1946 [21] The same is true under United States nationality law. Article I section 8 clause 4 of the United States Constitution expressly gives the United States Congress the power to establish a uniform rule of naturalization [22]

Example 11: Under the Nationality Law of the Republic of China, a U. The Nationality Law of the Republic of China (regulates Citizenship in the Republic of China (Taiwan S. citizen wishing to obtain Taiwanese citizenship must first give up his U. Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. S. citizenship. However, there is no clause stopping a naturalized Taiwanese from adding U. S. or other citizenship thereafter.

Example 12: A person born in France of an American mother and a French father would be a citizen of both countries. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Lex sanguinis applies for both American and French citizenship. Jus sanguinis ( Latin for "right of blood" is a Social policy by which Nationality or Citizenship is not determined by place of birth lex soli also applies for French citizenship, subject to certain residency requirements. Jus soli ( Latin for "right of the soil" or somewhat figuratively "right of the territory" or birthright citizenship, is a Right

Example 13: A person born in the U. S. to a father who was born in The Bahamas before July 10, 1973 is automatically a Bahamian citizen at birth, pursuant to the Bahamian constitution. The Bahamas, officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an independent sovereign English -speaking country consisting of two thousand Cays and Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. This only applies in cases where the parents of the child are married. If the parents of the child are not married, the mother would had to have been born in the Bahamas before July 10, 1973 in order for her child to claim Bahamian citizenship. Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. The foregoing applies only if the parent in question was a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies as of July 9, 1973. Events 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. [23]

Example 14: A person born in the U. S. to one parent who is a citizen of Norway with the other parent being a citizen of the Philippines would be a citizen of all three countries at birth if the date of birth was later than August 31, 2006. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. For earlier births, Norwegian citizenship would have been acquired only if (1) the mother was Norweigen or if (2) the Norwegian father was married to the non-Norwegian mother either at the time of the child's birth or at the time of the father's death prior to the birth. [24] For births between January 17, 1973 and October 15, 1986, the child would not have acquired Philippine citizenship, as the Philippine constitution in force during those dates required both parents to be Philippine citizens. Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) [25][26] }} For births between May 14, 1935 and January 17, 1973 the child would have acquired Philippine citizenship but, if acquired through the mother, it would have been lost upon reaching the age of majority unless earlier formally elected. Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. [27]}}

See also

References

  1. ^ Civil Code of Iran (last amended 1985). Nationality is a relationship between a Person and their State of Origin, Culture, association Affiliation and/or Loyalty Nationality law is the branch of a country's legal system wherein legislation custom and court precedent combine to define the ways in which that country's Nationality and Dual loyalty is a term used in Political discussions to describe a situation where a person has loyalty to two separate interests which potentially conflict with each other The term " Canadians of convenience " became prominent in 2006 in conjunction with the evacuation of Canadian citizens from Lebanon during the 2006 Israel-Lebanon Nationality law is the branch of a country's legal system wherein legislation custom and court precedent combine to define the ways in which that country's Nationality and Jus soli ( Latin for "right of the soil" or somewhat figuratively "right of the territory" or birthright citizenship, is a Right Jus sanguinis ( Latin for "right of blood" is a Social policy by which Nationality or Citizenship is not determined by place of birth Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term Naturalization is the acquisition of Citizenship or Nationality by somebody who was not a citizen or national of that country when he or she was born United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Retrieved on 2007-06-24. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place  “Article 976 - The following persons are considered to be Iranian subjects: [. . . ] (6)Every woman of foreign nationality who marries an Iranian husband. ”
  2. ^ Introduction to Dual Citizenship. The Southern cross group. Retrieved on 2007-08-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708)
  3. ^ India Dual Citizenship. immihelp. com. Retrieved on 2007-08-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708)
  4. ^ travel report — Iran. Department of foreign Arrairs and International Trade, Canada. Retrieved on 2007-09-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a
  5. ^ Åland in Brief — Right of Domicile. det offentliga Åland. Retrieved on 2007-09-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a
  6. ^ Right of domicile in Åland. Parliament of Åland. Retrieved on 2007-09-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a
  7. ^ "Puerto Rican independence activist gets island citizenship ID", signonsandiego. com. Retrieved on 2007-09-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a  
  8. ^ Security Clearance Guidelines: Foreign Preference. military. about. com. Retrieved on 2007-05-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the
  9. ^ Arthur L. Money (16 August 2000). Events 1384 - The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong hears a case of a couple who tore paper money bills while fighting 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Guidance to DoD Central Adjudication Facilities (CAF) Clarifying the Application of the Foreign preference Adjucitative Guideline (pdf). Retrieved on 2007-05-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the (the "Money Memorandum")
  10. ^ BBC News. "Schwarzenegger 'damages Austria'", news. bbc. co. uk, January 22, 2005. Retrieved on 2007-10-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1138 - A massive earthquake struck Aleppo, Syria. 1531 - Huldrych Zwingli is killed  
  11. ^ CBC News: New governor general to give up French citizenship; September 25, 2005
  12. ^ CBC News. "Dion would sacrifice French citizenship to become PM", CBC. ca, December 8, 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-08. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room the second public library of Europe.  
  13. ^ Sue v Hill (1999) HCA 30; 199 CLR 462; 163 ALR 648; 73 ALJR 1016 (23 June 1999), HIGH COURT OF AUSTRALIA, June 23, 1999, <http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/HCA/1999/30.html>. Events 1180 - First Battle of Uji, starting the Genpei War in Japan 1305 - The Flemish Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Retrieved on 22 May 2008 
  14. ^ IRS Foreign Earned Income Exclusion
  15. ^ 8 U.S.C. § 1401, "Nationals and citizens of United States at birth", Paragraph (g) classifies such a person as a US citizen at birth, not merely as someone entitled to claim US citizenship. Title 8 of the United States Code outlines the role of aliens and Nationality in the United States Code.
  16. ^ a b c Travel report — Algeria. Department of Foreign Affairs and international Trade, Canada. Retrieved on 2007-09-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a
  17. ^ a b Travel Report —Morocco. Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, Canada. Retrieved on 2007-09-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a
  18. ^ Travel Report — Russia. Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, Canada. Retrieved on 2007-09-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a
  19. ^ a b Travel Advice — Syria. smarttraveller. gov. au. Retrieved on 2007-09-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a
  20. ^ Nationality Law of the People's Republic of China. Immigration Department, The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Retrieved on 2007-07-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat
  21. ^ Citizenship Act ( R.S., 1985, c. C-29 ). Department of Justice, Canada. Retrieved on 2007-07-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat
  22. ^ Possible Loss of U.S. Citizenship and Dual Nationality. U. S. Department of State. Retrieved on 2007-07-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat
  23. ^ The Bahamas Independence Order 1973, June 20, 1973, <http://www.constitution.org/cons/bahamas.htm>. Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 31 May 2008 
  24. ^ Norwegian citizenship by birth, Norwegian Directorate of immigration, <http://www.udi.no/templates/Tema.aspx?id=8706>. Retrieved on 31 May 2008 
  25. ^ 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines, Chanrobles Law Library, 1986-10-15, <http://www.chanrobles.com/philsupremelaw1.htm>. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the Retrieved on 19 December 2006 
  26. ^ 1973 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines, Chanrobles Law library, 1973-01-17, <http://www.chanrobles.com/1973constitutionofthephilippines.htm>. Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca Retrieved on 19 December 2006 
  27. ^ 1935 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines, Chanrobles Law Library, 1935-05-14, <http://www.chanrobles.com/1935constitutionofthephilippines.htm>. Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the Retrieved on 19 December 2006 

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