A multiphasic liquid, also known as a multiphasic liquid-liquid-liquid system, is a mixture consisting of more than two immiscible liquid phases. In Chemistry, a mixture is a substance made by combining two or more different materials without a chemical reaction occurring (the objects do not bond together Miscibility is a term commonly used in Chemistry that refers to the property of Liquids to mix in all proportions forming a Homogeneous Solution Liquid is one of the principal States of matter. A liquid is a Fluid that has the particles loose and can freely form a distinct surface at the boundaries of In the Physical sciences a phase is a Set of states of a macroscopic physical system that have relatively uniform chemical composition and physical properties Biphasic mixtures consisting of two immiscible phases are very common and usually consist of an organic solvent and an aqueous phase ("oil and water"). An organic compound is any member of a large class of Chemical compounds whose Molecules contain Carbon. A solvent is a liquid or gas that dissolves a solid liquid or gaseous Solute, resulting in a Solution. Water ( H2[[oxygen O]] H OH) is the most abundant Molecule on Earth 's surface composing of about 70% of the Earth's surface as Multiphasic liquids are rare and only triphasic (three phases) and tetraphasic (four phases) are known. Multiphasic liquids can be used for selective liquid-liquid extractions or for decorative purposes, e. Liquid-liquid extraction, also known as solvent extraction and partitioning, is a method to separate compounds based on their relative solubilities in two g. in cosmetics.
While it is possible to get multilayered phases by layering nonpolar and aqueous phases of decreasing densities on top of each other, these phases will not separate after mixing like true multiphasic liquids. "Polar molecule" and "Non-polar" redirect here The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different
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Compositions
The following types of multiphasic liquids exist:
Triphasic systems
- Nonpolar solvent / aqueous biphasic mixture
- e. g. using hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, or mineral oil as the nonpolar solvent
- Nonpolar solvent / polar solvent / salt / water
- e. Hexane is an Alkane Hydrocarbon with the Chemical formula CH3(CH24CH3 or C6H14 n -Heptane is the straight-chain Alkane with the Chemical formula H3C(CH25CH3 or C7H16 Cyclohexane is a Cycloalkane with the Molecular formula C 6 H 12 Mineral oil or liquid Petroleum is a By-product in the Distillation of Petroleum to produce Gasoline and other petroleum "Polar molecule" and "Non-polar" redirect here g. 100 ml mineral oil, 100 ml isopropanol, 75 ml water, 35 g calcium chloride
- Nonpolar solvent / water-soluble polymer A, water-soluble polymer B, water
- e. Isopropyl alcohol (also isopropanol, iso, isopro, Rubbing alcohol, or the abbreviation IPA) is a common name for Water ( H2[[oxygen O]] H OH) is the most abundant Molecule on Earth 's surface composing of about 70% of the Earth's surface as Calcium chloride (CaCl2 is an ionic compound of Calcium and Chlorine. A polymer is a large Molecule ( Macromolecule) composed of repeating Structural units typically connected by Covalent Chemical bonds g. hexane, polyethylene oxide, dextran, water
- Nonpolar solvent / water-soluble polymer / salt / water
- e. Poly( Ethylene glycol) (PEG also known as poly( Ethylene oxide) (PEO or polyoxyethylene (POE is the most commercially important type of polyether Dextran is a complex branched Glucan ( Polysaccharide) made of many Glucose molecules joined into chains of varying lengths (from 10 to 150 kilodaltons g. hexane, polyethylene oxide, sodium sulfate, water
- Nonpolar solvent A / solvent B / polymer soluble in solvent B and water / water
- e. Sodium sulfate is the Sodium salt of Sulfuric acid g. heptane, dichloromethane, polyethylene oxide, water
- Nonpolar solvent A / solvent B / polymer soluble in solvent B and water / salt / water
- e. Dichloromethane ( DCM) or methylene chloride is the Chemical compound with the formula CH2Cl2 g. 16. 3% heptane, 21. 7% dichloromethane, 9. 5% polyethylene oxide, 51. 5% water, 0. 1% sodium sulfate
- Nonpolar solvent / hydrophobic salt / water
- e. In Chemistry, hydrophobicity (from the combining form of water in Attic Greek hydro- and for fear phobos) refers to the physical property of g. iso-octane, Aliquat 336 (methyltrioctylammonium chloride, a phase transfer catalyst), water [1]
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- or: cyclohexane, bmim-PF6 (an ionic liquid), water [2]
Tetraphasic systems
- Nonpolar solvent A / solvent B / polymer soluble in solvent B and water / salt / water
- e. 224-Trimethylpentane, also known as isooctane, is an Octane Isomer which defines the 100 point on the Octane rating scale Aliquat 336 (trademark of Cognis Corp is a mixture of C8 (octyl and C10 (capryl chains with C8 predominating A phase transfer catalyst or PTC in Chemistry is a Catalyst which facilitates the migration of a reactant in a Heterogeneous system from one An ionic liquid is a liquid that contains essentially only ions Some ionic liquids such as Ethylammonium nitrate are in a dynamic equilibrium where at any time more g. 10. 9% heptane, 15. 5% dichloromethane, 7. 1% polyethylene oxide, 66. 5% sodium sulfate (> 0. 1%) in water
See also
External links
- Chem. Commun. 1998, 787 Polymer induced multiphase generation in water/organic solvent mixtures. A separating funnel, also known as separation funnel, separatory funnel, or colloquially sep funnel, is a laboratory glassware used in Liquid-liquid Strategies towards the design of triphasic and tetraphasic liquid systems (pdf)
- US patent application 20050215443 Multiphase aqueous cleansing composition
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