Distinctive Unit Insignia of the U. S. Army Element of Multinational Force - Iraq

The Multi-National Force - Iraq (MNF-I), is a military command, led by the United States, that is fighting the Iraq War against Iraqi insurgents. A command in military use has several meanings In referring to Military organization it is a collection of units or a group of personnel under the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Iraq War, also known as the Second Gulf War, the Occupation of Iraq, or the War in Iraq, is an ongoing Military campaign Multi-National Force - Iraq replaced the previous force, Combined Joint Task Force 7, on May 15, 2004. Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "

The media in the U. S. has been known to use the term U. S. -led coalition to describe this force, as around 93% of the troops are from the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the ^[1] The majority of nations that deployed troops either confined their men to their bases^[2] due to widespread violence, or issued specific orders to avoid hostile engagement (especially true of the Spanish commanded Plus Ultra Brigade). The Plus Ultra Brigade, or Brigada Hispanoamericana, was a military contingent of mixed personnel from Spain ^[3]

Also in Iraq, but not part of MNF-I, are the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq, which is doing humanitarian work, but has a number of guards and military observers, and the NATO Training Mission - Iraq, training the Iraqi army and police force. The United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI was formally established on 14 August 2003. The NATO Training Mission - Iraq is a NATO mission assisting the training of the Iraqi Police and Military of Iraq in conjunction with MNF-I.

2003 invasion of Iraq

Four countries participated with troops during the initial invasion (termed the Major Combat Operations phase), which lasted from March 19 to May 1. Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. These were the United States (250,000), United Kingdom (45,000), Australia (2,000), and Poland (194).

Occupation of Iraq

Occupation zones in Iraq as of September 2003

The United States deployed more than seven-eighths of the soldiers in the occupying coalition with the majority of other troops coming from the United Kingdom and the rest made up from several other allies. Belligerent military occupation occurs when the control and authority over a territory passes to a hostile army. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Although their status as Coalition Provisional Authority, or "Occupying Powers" under a United Nations resolution, changed when the new government came to power on June 28, although still heavily influenced by the massive U. The Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA سلطة الائتلاف الموحدة was established as a Transitional government following the A United Nations resolution (or UN resolution) is a formal text adopted by a United Nations (UN body Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. S. military and diplomatic presence in the country. ^[4]

On May 10, 2007, 144 Iraqi Parliamentary lawmakers signed onto a legislative petition calling on the United States to set a timetable for withdrawal. Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[5] On June 3, 2007, the Iraqi Parliament voted 85 to 59 to require the Iraqi government to consult with Parliament before requesting additional extensions of the UN Security Council Mandate for Coalition operations in Iraq. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[6] Despite this, the mandate was renewed on December 18, 2007 without the approval of the Iraqi parliament. ^[7]

Mission objectives according to the US Military

Dispositions of U. S. and allied units in the different occupation zones as of 30 April 2004

MNF-I objectives as of May 2006

• Iraq is at peace with its neighbors
• Iraq is an ally in the War on Terror
• Iraq has a representative government that respects the human rights of all Iraqis
• Iraq has a security force that can maintain domestic order and deny Iraq as a safe haven for terrorists

The government of Iraq enjoys broad international support, including from nations of the Arab League. This page is about the military command, for more general discussion of the coalition forces see Multinational force in Iraq or Iraq War. The Arab League ( الجامعة العربية) officially called the League of Arab States ( جامعة الدول العربية Jordan is assisting in training of the Iraqi Security Forces, and the United Arab Emirates have donated military equipment (bought from Switzerland), for example. Iraqi Security Forces (ISF is the Multi-National Force-Iraq umbrella name for military Paramilitary and civilian law enforcement entities that serve under the

Iraq is, nominally, a pluralistic democracy. The US-influenced Constitution of Iraq^[8] guarantees freedoms of speech, assembly and religion, private ownership of property, privacy and equality before the law, as well as total immunity to all occupying troops in the country. The current Constitution of Iraq was approved by a referendum that took place on 15 October 2005. The first parliamentary elections occurred in December, 2005. Following the ratification of the Constitution of Iraq on October 15 2005, a general election was held on 15 December to elect

As of June 2008, over 470,000 Iraqi Security Forces have been trained. Iraqi Security Forces (ISF is the Multi-National Force-Iraq umbrella name for military Paramilitary and civilian law enforcement entities that serve under the ^[9]

In November 2006, the United Nations Security Council voted to extend the mandate of the multinational force in Iraq until the end of 2007. The move was requested by the Iraqi government, which said the troops were needed for another year while it built up its own security forces. The politics of Iraq takes place in a framework of a more or less federal parliamentary representative democratic Republic, whereby the Iraqi Security Forces (ISF is the Multi-National Force-Iraq umbrella name for military Paramilitary and civilian law enforcement entities that serve under the ^[10] In December 2007, the Security Council unanimously approved resolution 1790, which extended the mandate for the "last time". United Nations Security Council Resolution 1790 was adopted unanimously by the United Nations Security Council on December 18 2007, extending ^[11]

List of nations in the coalition

More than 100,000 military personnel

Distinctive unit insignia of the Multi-National Force - Iraq (MNF-I)

•  United States - As of December 2007, there were around 154,000^[12] Army, Navy, Coast Guard, Air Force, and Marine Corps personnel deployed to the western, northern and central regions of Iraq. This page is about the military command, for more general discussion of the coalition forces see Multinational force in Iraq or Iraq War. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. The latest figure includes the 28,500 troops sent to Iraq as part of the troop surge plan, which began in early 2007. The surge is a phrase commonly used to describe United States President George W An additional 30,000 troops are deployed in the Gulf region. ^[13]

• As of May 2008, 4,078 American military personnel have been killed, with over 3,100 as a result of enemy action. International holidays May 1 - Labour Day ( Pakistan) May 1 - Labour Day ( Singapore) The remainder were killed in non-hostile incidents including a small number of drownings, illnesses and electrocutions, but mostly vehicle accidents, weapon accidents and suicides (at least 122 of the latter have been confirmed by the U. S. Department of Defense, as of 8/31/2007). As of 2008 at least 65,588 American military personnel have fallen ill, been wounded or injured: 36,943 of these requiring medical evacuation. Three soldiers are currently listed as captured. The Iraq war has caused considerable debate in the United States, with a majority of Senators demanding a timed withdrawal due to considerable casualties and a lack of progress. The US military itself has encountered some difficulties in sustaining such large deployments, and to this effect extended tours of duty and relaxed restrictions regarding volunteers with a criminal history under the so-called Moral Waiver. A moral waiver is an instance when an individual is by exception recruited into the United States Military despite not ordinarily meeting the standard requirements in ^[14][15]

More than 1,000 military personnel

•  United Kingdom - 4,000 troops in Southern Iraq as of April 2008, leading the Multi-National Division (South East) which includes troops from several other countries. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Multi-National Division (South-East (MND(SE is a British commanded division responsible for security in the south east of Iraq. The deployment includes infantry, mechanized infantry and armored units as well as water-borne patrol personnel and a range of aircraft. On October 8, 2007, British Prime Minister Gordon Brown announced that the British contingent would be reduced to 4,500 from 5,500 by the end of the year, and cut further to 2,500 in Spring 2008. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. WikipediaManual of Style (biographies#Academic titles --> James Gordon Brown (born 20 February 1951 is He added that 500 troops would be sent to bases in the Persian Gulf region to fulfill a supporting role. The Persian Gulf, in the Southwest Asian region is an extension of the ^[16]
• However, in early April 2008 the decision was made to postpone any further withdrawals, and to maintain the roughly 4000-strong contingent for the time being^[17]. On September 2, 2007, British forces withdrew from their last base in Basra, re-locating to the international airport outside the city and thus handing over nominal control to Iraqi forces. Events 44 BC - Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[18] The development came amid outspoken misgivings regarding the British presence from both the Bush Administration and British military leadership.

• On December 16, 2007, British forces handed over official control of Basra province to the Iraqi authorities, amid accusations of increasing militia influence in the provincial capital. Events 755 - An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. However, the changeover was little more than symbolic as the British have very little control over the region. ^[19] After the invasion (which involved 45,000 British troops), approximately 8,500 troops were stationed in the south of the country, but 1,300 were withdrawn in early 2006. ^[20] On February 20, 2007, the British government declared that British soldiers would begin a timetabled withdrawal from Iraq, and 1,600 personnel had returned from Iraq by the end of the month. Events 1472 - Orkney and Shetland are left by Norway to Scotland, due to a Dowry payment Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[21] Former Prime Minister Tony Blair had considered an expansion of up to 2,000 troops during 2004 to replace those of Spain and other departing nations, however, military commanders and former diplomats criticizing U. Anthony Charles Lynton "Tony" Blair (born 6 May 1953 is a British Politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2 May 1997 to Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. S. military tactics put that into question and the idea was eventually shelved. Military tactics ( Greek: Taktikē, the art of organizing an army are the techniques for using weapons or military units in combination for engaging and defeating The UK has lost 176 soldiers in Iraq as of May 16, 2008: 136 in ambushes, engagements, bombings or other attacks (including the shooting down of a C-130 Hercules transport plane which killed 10 soldiers). Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Out of the remaining 40, the cause of death included accidents, 'friendly fire' incidents, illnesses, and suicide. Friendly fire or non-hostile fire, a term originally adopted by the United States military, refers to fire from one's own side or allied forces as Between January 1 2003 and March 31 2007, 1,747 British personnel were wounded; 844 of whom required aeromedical evacuation. See Operation Telic for further information. Operation (or Op TELIC is the codename under which all British operations of the 2003 Invasion of Iraq and after are being conducted

•  Georgia - 2000 troops deployed near the Iranian border as of October 8, 2007. Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[22] Politicians have stated that the contingent will be reduced to 300 in summer 2008. ^[23] Georgia's contribution to the Coalition originally consisted of 300 special forces troops under U. S. command in Baqouba, who guarded two bridges as well as American Forward Operating Bases 'Caldwell', 'Warhorse' and 'Gabe'.

• 550 more troops were deployed in June 2005 for UNAMI, although these were placed under U. S. command on a dangerous 'Middle Ring Security' mission in the Green Zone. The Green Zone (the common name for the International Zone of Iraq is a 10 km² (4 mile² area in central Baghdad that was the center of the Coalition Provisional ^[24] On March 9, 2007, Georgian President Mikhail Saakashvili announced his plans to increase total Georgian troop strength in Iraq to 2000, by sending an extra 1,200 troops and moving those already in Iraq to join the new unit. Mikheil Saakashvili (მიხეილ ნიკოლოზის ძე სააკაშვილი (born 21 December 1967, a Georgian Politician, the ^[25] As of May 2008, four Georgian soldiers died in Iraq (one in car accident, one committed suicide, one in combat, and two died after being hit by a IED) and 19 were wounded. International holidays May 1 - Labour Day ( Pakistan) May 1 - Labour Day ( Singapore) ^[26]

More than 100 military personnel

•  South Korea - As of 2008 South Korea have deployed 933 combat personnel under the Zaytun Division. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː The Zaytun Division is a contingent of Republic of Korea Army troops currently operating in Northern Iraq, carrying out peacekeeping and reconstruction tasks
•  Australia - Australian involvement in Iraq (designated Operation Catalyst by the Australian military) consists of around 900 troops divided amongst several specialized units in and around the country, with about 500 personnel jointly supporting Australian military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan (the latter are collectively designated Operation Slipper). For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The Australian Government under John Howard supported the disarmament of Iraq during the Iraq disarmament crisis. Operation Slipper is the Australian Defence Force (ADF contribution to the war in Afghanistan. On 30 November 2007, the newly-elected government of Australia announced the pullout of the country's 550 combat soldiers by early 2008. ^[27] This decision was formally conveyed to Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki by new Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd, during a December 22 surprise visit to Iraq. Nouri Kamel Mohammed Hassan al-Maliki ( Arabic: نوري كامل محمّد حسن المالكي transliterated Nūrī Kāmil al-Mālikī; born June Kevin Michael Rudd (born 21 September 1957 is the 26th and current Prime Minister of Australia and federal leader of the Centre-left Australian Labor Events 1790 - The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Suvorov and his Russian armies The Overwatch Battle Group (West) will continue to operate until the end of its mandate in June, and complete a full withdrawal by August. Overwatch Battle Group (West was an Australian Army battlegroup that represented Australia's largest contribution to the Multinational force in Iraq ^[28]. The first group of soldiers returned to Australia on the 1st of June 2008^[29]. The largest contribution is the Overwatch Battle Group (West), based at Camp Terendak in Talil (Southern Iraq) and consisting of 515 soldiers. Overwatch Battle Group (West was an Australian Army battlegroup that represented Australia's largest contribution to the Multinational force in Iraq This unit was previously known as the Al Muthanna Task Group, which had about 450 troops and was deployed on February 22, 2005 for the purpose of replacing the withdrawn Dutch contingent. The Al Muthanna Task Group (AMTG was a battlegroup that formed Australia's main ground force contribution to the Multinational force in Iraq. Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Other Army deployments include a security detachment (SECDET) composed of 110 troops protecting the Australian embassy in Baghdad, an Australian Army training team of 100 troops, 95 liaison officers distributed throughout Iraq, a small number of Australian troops as part of the Coalition Counter IED Task Force, and 110 personnel who form a 'Force Level Logistic Asset', fulfilling a support role. The Australian Army is Australia's military land force It is part of the Australian Defence Force (ADF along with the Royal Australian Navy and the An improvised explosive device ( IED) is a Bomb constructed and deployed in ways other than in conventional Military action Jointly supporting operations in Iraq and Afghanistan are periodic rotations of Anzac class frigates in the Persian Gulf, currently the HMAS Arunta (~170 personnel), two Royal Australian Air Force AP-3C Orion maritime patrol aircraft (170 personnel) and three C-130 Hercules transport aircraft (155 personnel). Design and construction Built by Tenix Defence Systems using modular construction techniques hull and superstructure modules were built in both Australia and Construction Arunta was laid down by Tenix Defence Systems Proprietary Limited at Williamstown Victoria on 22 July 1995 The Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF) is the Air Force branch of the Australian Defence Force. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout A cargo aircraft (also known as freighters or freight aircraft) is an Fixed-wing aircraft designed or converted for the carriage of goods rather ^[30] There have been several injuries but no deaths of Australian troops in Iraq attributed to hostile action, however, a SASR commando was killed in a vehicle accident in Kuwait, and a soldier Jacob Kovco assigned to the Baghdad SECDET, died from an accidental discharge of his pistol. The Special Air Service Regiment ( SASR) is a Special Forces Regiment modelled on the original British SAS and also drawing on the traditions The State of Kuwait ( دولة الكويت IPA [dawlatt̪ alkuwajt̪]) is a sovereign Arab Emirate on the coast of the Persian Gulf, enclosed Jacob (Jake Bruce Kovco (born 25 September 1980, Melbourne; died 21 April 2006, Baghdad) was a Private ^[31] (See also: Australian contribution to the 2003 invasion of Iraq)
•  Poland - Around 900 troops are currently based at Camp Echo in Diwaniyah and are primarily involved in training local security forces. The Australian Government under John Howard supported the disarmament of Iraq during the Iraq disarmament crisis. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Poland leads the Multinational Division Central-South which consists of forces from several other countries. Multinational Division Central-South (MMN-CS, created in September 2003 is a part of the Multinational Force Iraq. New Prime Minister Donald Tusk, who had promised to withdraw Poland's troops as soon as possible throughout his election campaign, hoped to complete the withdrawal by mid-2008. Donald Franciszek Tusk (ˈdɔnalt franˈtɕiʃɛk ˈtusk born April 22 1957, Gdańsk) is a Center-right Polish politician co-founder However, but it was believed that conservative President Lech Kaczynski, a staunch supporter of the Polish mission in Iraq, would have delayed the withdrawal if he deemed it too hasty. ˈlɛx alɛˈksandɛr kaˈtʂɨɲskʲi (born 18 June 1949 is the President of the Republic of Poland a politician of the conservative party Prawo i Sprawiedliwość ^[32] A degree of compromise seems to have been found on December 21, 2007, when Kaczynski approved his government's withdrawal plan, albeit by a considerably extended deadline of October 2008. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[33]

• In accordance with the decision of the former Polish Minister of Defense Jerzy Szmajdziński, the number of troops was reduced from 2,500 to 1,500 during the second half of 2005. Jerzy Szmajdziński (ˈjɛʒɨ ʃmajˈdʑiɲskʲi born April 9, 1952 in Wrocław) is a former Polish minister of defence Poland's former leftist government, which lost September 25, 2005 elections, had planned to withdraw the remaining 1,500 troops in January. Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. However, the new defense minister, Radosław Sikorski, visited Washington on December 3 for talks on Poland's coalition plans, and Prime Minister Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz declared that he would decide after the Iraqi elections on December 15, whether to extend its troops' mandate beyond December 31. Radosław Tomasz "Radek" Sikorski (raˈdɔswaf ˈtɔmaʃ (ˈradɛk ɕiˈkɔrskʲi (born 23 February 1963 in Bydgoszcz) is a conservative Events 1800 - War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden, French (kaˈʑimʲεʐ martɕinˈkʲevʲitʂ (born December 20, 1959 in Gorzów Wielkopolski) is a Polish politician who served as Prime Minister Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. ^[34] On Tuesday 22 December, Prime Minister Marcinkiewicz announced that he had asked President Lech Kaczyński to keep Polish troops in Iraq for another year, calling it "a very difficult decision. Events 1790 - The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Suvorov and his Russian armies ˈlɛx alɛˈksandɛr kaˈtʂɨɲskʲi (born 18 June 1949 is the President of the Republic of Poland a politician of the conservative party Prawo i Sprawiedliwość "^[35] On January 5, 2006, Polish troops handed over control of the central Babil province to U. Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. S. troops and decided to remain on bases in Kut and Diwaniyah for the remainder of their mandate,^[36] cutting their contingent from 1,500 troops to 900 troops two months later,^[37] and switching their main objective from patrolling their Den sector to the training of Iraqi security forces. Poland has lost 25 soldiers in Iraq. In addition, a Polish Government Protection Bureau agent was killed in an October 2007 ambush while escorting the Polish ambassador (and former commander of Polish forces in Iraq) Edward Pietrzyk through a Baghdad district. Generał broni Edward Pietrzyk (born 1949) is a Polish military officer diplomat and general in the Polish Army. In July 2004, Al Zarqawi released a statement threatening Japan, Poland and Bulgaria over their troop deployments. Abu Musab al-Zarqawi (أبومصعب الزرقاوي, Abu Musab from Zarqa)) (October 30 1966 – June 7 2006 born Ahmad Fadeel al-Nazal He demanded of the Polish government 'Pull your troops out of Iraq or you will hear the sounds of explosions that will hit your country. ' Hours later Prime Minister Marek Belka denied, and deputy Defence Minister Janusz Zemke said pulling out would be a 'terrible mistake. Marek Belka (pronounce ['marεk 'bεlka]) (b January 9, 1952 in Łódź) is a Polish professor Janusz Zemke (born February 24, 1949 in Kowalewo) is a Polish politician '

•  Romania - 397^[38] troops operating in three different zones (South-East, South Central, and Baghdad). Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania They conduct a wide range of missions including prisoner interrogation at Camp Cropper and Camp Bucca in Baghdad; reconnaissance and surveillance missions (including the use of UAVs) in the Polish Sector; and training, patrolling and base security missions in the British Sector. The previous contingent numbered approximately 730 personnel, including 400 infantry, 100 military police, 150 de-miners, 30 medics, plus 50 intelligence officers stationed north of Baghdad. ^[39] Romanian Prime Minister Calin Popescu Tariceanu announced on August 30, 2006 that, within two months, Romania would withdraw its troops from Iraq. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. However, on November 8, 2006, Romanian Defense Minister Sorin Frunzaverde stated that there was to be no scheduled withdrawal. ^[40]

• The troops' presence in Iraq has become a contentious issue in domestic politics, with Prime Minister Calin Popescu Tariceanu calling for their return home, while President Traian Basescu, who is commander in chief, decided they should stay. ^[41] One Romanian soldier died in a Kuwaiti hospital, ten days after shooting himself in the head, and another was killed in a roadside bombing (along with three Italians). Four were seriously injured on 14 April 2007 when their vehicle toppled over. ^[41] On 21 September 2007, one soldier was killed and five more were wounded by an IED. ^[42] 130 more troops were temporarily deployed for UNAMI.

•  El Salvador - 280 troops^[43] from the 'Cuscatlan Battalion' under Polish command (Central South Iraq), based at Camp Delta in Kut. El Salvador ( República de El Salvador,) is a country in Central America. Their mandate was extended for the eighth time in January 2008. ^[44] The original contingent of 380 was reduced in August 2007, and further withdrawals are expected. ^[45] Salvadoran troops are involved in protecting their base, and also guard supply/aid humanitarian convoys. El Salvador has lost five soldiers in Iraq, four in hostile incidents and one in an accident. ^[46]

•  Bulgaria - There are currently 155 Bulgarian troops (including 35 support staff) guarding the headquarters of the MEK at Camp Ashraf, 100km west of the Iranian border. The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian The People's Mujahedin of Iran ( PMOI, also MEK, MKO) ( Persian: سازمان مجاهدين خلق ايران sāzmān-e mojāhedin-e khalq-e This facility is home to 4,000 MEK militants and their massive munitions stocks. ^[47] This deployment was approved by the Bulgarian parliament on January 17, 2006, with the contingent being deployed on 29 March. The contingent was expected to remain for about a year. ^[48] Bulgaria withdrew its original contribution of about 485 soldiers in 2005, their objective had been guarding the city center of Diwaniyah, 13 of whom died: 7 in hostile circumstances, 5 in accidents, while one was shot dead by a U. S. soldier. In addition, two Bulgarian truck drivers working for companies serving coalition troops have been captured and killed in Iraq, with another ambushed and killed. Three Bulgarian pilots were killed when their Mi-17 transport helicopter (transporting a team of private military contractors) was shot down in April 2005.

•  Albania - Around 120 troops under U. This article is about the country in southern Europe For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Albania topics. S. command as of February 2007, stationed at Mosul airport, where they man guard towers and conduct internal and external patrols. For the village in Azerbaijan see Mosul Azerbaijan. Mosul (الموصل Al Mūṣul, Kurdish: Mosul/Ninawa, Musul Albania was one of the first countries not participating in the invasion to send troops to Iraq: in April 2003, 70 personnel were deployed^[49] In December 2006, Albanian Defence Minister Fatmir Mediu said that Albanian troops would stay in Iraq as long as United States forces remain there. ^[50]

100 or fewer military personnel

•  Mongolia - 100 infantrymen in a company known as the 'Peacekeeping Operations Battalion' under Polish command. Mongolia (mɒŋˈɡoʊliə, literally Mongol country/nation,) is a Landlocked Country in East The role of the Mongolian contingent is to provide security at the main Polish base, Camp Echo, by manning guard towers and guarding entry points. Mongolia’s mandate was scheduled to expire in April 2007.

•  Czech Republic - 99 troops under British command (South-East Iraq) as of September 3, 2007^[51] (reduced from about 300 troops and 3 civilians running a field hospital, first deployed in late 2003). The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. On 5 December 2007, the Czech parliament approved a government plan to withdraw 80 soldiers in summer 2008, leaving around 20 who will train Iraqi security forces until at least the end of time. Events 63 BC - Cicero reads the last of his Catiline Orations. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[52] After 2006, the goal changed from training Iraqi police to guarding Shaibah logistics base, internally and externally by means of vehicle checkpoints. One Czech soldier died in May 2003 from injuries sustained in a vehicle accident in Iraq.

•  Azerbaijan - 88 troops under U. Azerbaijan ( English; Azərbaycan officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan Respublikası is the largest and most populous country in the South S. command as of September 2007. ^[53] There are conflicting reports as to their duties and whereabouts. It was initially reported that Azerbaijan's original 250-member unit was located in the city of Hadid, in the far north of Iraq. 100 soldiers were apparently sent on December 29, 2004, to reinforce the 150 soldiers already in the country. Their role had supposedly been providing security for the local Turkmen population and guarding important sites. However, on April 30, 2007, MNF-I declared that they were located in the vicinity of Haditha Dam in western Iraq, providing security for a nearby US Marine camp, patrolling the dam complex, and escorting and searching Iraqi workers.

•  Tonga - 55 Royal Marines deployed in either late 2007 or 2008, serving at Camp Victory-Dance. The Kingdom of Tonga is an Archipelago in the south Pacific Ocean comprising 169 islands 36 of them inhabited stretching over a distance of about 800 kilometres (500 miles ^{[54] [55]}

•  Denmark - 50 Danish military personnel remain in Baghdad, Iraq, where they guard Danish diplomats and train Iraqi forces. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe By 21 December 2007, the 55-member Danish air force contingent based in Basra had been completely withdrawn from Iraq. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[56] Their task had been to operate a unit of four helicopters in support of British and Iraqi forces until December,^[57] following the withdrawal of the original contingent in July 2007. ^[58] The so-called Dancon/Irak mission consisted of 430 troops operating under UK command (South-East Iraq), and included military police involved in the training of local security forces as well as infantry. History Dancon's units were subordinate to Multi-National Division (South East ("MND(SE" which is responsible for the southern provinces of Al Basrah They were based south of Basra at "Camp Danevang" in the British Shaiba Log Base. A separate unit of 35 troops temporarily served under UNAMI. On February 21, 2007, Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen had announced that the withdrawal of Danish 'combat' troops in Iraq would be completed by August 2007,^[59] however, on July 26, 2007, it was reported that 250 of the Danish troops had already withdrawn, at least two weeks ahead of schedule. Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Anders Fogh Rasmussen (⁽ˈ⁾ɑnɐs foˀ ˈʀɑsmusn̩, informally known as Anders Fogh ( ˈfoːˀ ⁽ˈ⁾ɑnɐs ˈfɔʊ̯ˀ or simply Fogh, (born January Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[60] The Danish government repeatedly guaranteed that its forces would remain as long as the Iraqi government requested. On April 28, 2007, the Danish military reported that it was in the process of temporarily deploying an unspecified number of special forces to 'resolve a special problem. '^[61] Denmark has lost seven soldiers in Iraq; one to friendly fire, one in a vehicle accident, and five to hostile incidents, while several more have been wounded. In early 2006, the Iraqi insurgency released a statement calling for more attacks on the Danish army in the retaliation to the Danish cartoon controversy. ^[62]

•  Armenia deployed a total of 46 personnel divided into three units: a logistics platoon providing vehicles and drivers for supply convoys which run from Kuwait into the Polish sector of Iraq, an ordnance disposal engineer team attached to the Salvadoran contingent, and a medical unit at Camp Echo. Armenia (Հայաստան transliterated: Hayastan,) officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani On December 5, 2005, the Armenian government declared its intention to stay in Iraq for another year,^[63], and did the same on December 6, 2006. Events 63 BC - Cicero reads the last of his Catiline Orations. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ^[64]

•  Macedonia - 40 special forces soldiers under U. The Republic of Macedonia (Република S. command in Baghdad, conducting a wide range of missions including patrols, raids, training, and manning checkpoints. ^[65] In December 2006 Macedonia extended its mandate through June 2007. In 2007, it was announced that Macedonia would increase its contingent to 80 in 2008. ^[66]

•  Ukraine - Currently, there are 37 Ukranian officers and NCOs deployed, fulfilling liaision and advisory roles^[67]. Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. An independent contingent, consisting of 1,650 troops from the 5th Mechanized Brigade, was deployed to Kut (South Central Iraq) in late 2003. The 5th Separate Mechanized Brigade was a formation of the Ukrainian Ground Forces sent to Iraq in august of 2003 For the town in Armenia see Kut Armenia. Al-Kūt ( BGN: Al Kūt; also spelled Kut-Al-Imara or Kut El Amara In May of 2005, the brigade was replaced with the 81st Tactical Group, numbering around 900 troops. ^[68] The deployment was then reduced continuously until the remaining 44 troops were pulled out along with the last of the vehicles on December 22, 2005^[69]. Events 1790 - The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Suvorov and his Russian armies Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This fulfilled a long-planned withdrawal pledged by President Viktor Yushchenko who was sworn in on January 23, 2005, and executed a ruling by the Ukrainian legislative body, the Verkhovna Rada, which passed a motion for the withdrawal of combat troops. Viktor Andriyovych Yushchenko ( Ukrainian: Viktor Andrijovyč Juščenko) (born February 23 1954) is the third and current President of Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (Верховна Рада України English: Supreme Council of Ukraine) is Ukraine 's Parliament Defense Minister Anatoliy Hrytsenko originally announced that 30 Army officers, ten border service personnel, and ten Interior Ministry representatives would stay in Iraq, and that they would work at command facilities. Anatoliy Stepanovych Hrytsenko (Анатолій Степанович Гриценко Анатолий Степанович Гриценко (born October 25 1957 Ukraine lost a total of 18 soldiers in Iraq: 12 in attacks, 3 in accidents, 2 in suicides and 1 as a result of a heart attack, while 32 were wounded or injured. Early in 2004, three Ukrainian engineers were taken hostage in Iraq but were freed shortly after. An engineer is a person professionally engaged in a field of Engineering.

•  Bosnia and Herzegovina deployed a unit of 37 men to destroy munitions and clear mines, in addition to 6 command personnel. Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan The unit was first deployed to Fallujah, then Talil Air Base, and is now located at Camp Echo. In December 2006, the Bosnian government formally extended its mandate through June 2007.

•  Estonia - 35 special forces troops known as the 'EstPla-11' unit under U. Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region S. command in Baghdad. Their task is to conduct raids and combat patrols. Two soldiers were killed in Iraq in separate insurgent attacks. In December 2006, Estonia officially extended its mandate through December 2007.

•  Kazakhstan - 29 ordnance disposal engineers in Kut, under Polish command. Kazakhstan, also Kazakstan ( Қазақстан, Qazaqstan, qɑzɑqˈstɑn Казахстан, Kazakhstán,) officially the For the town in Armenia see Kut Armenia. Al-Kūt ( BGN: Al Kūt; also spelled Kut-Al-Imara or Kut El Amara One was killed (09/01/2005) along with eight Ukrainians when a pile of booby-trapped munitions was detonated by insurgents.

•  Moldova - 11 de-mining and ordnance disposal specialists under U. Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova ( Republica Moldova) is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania S. Command. On July 15, 2004, it was reported that Moldova had quietly halved its contingent from 24 to 12. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " It was widely believed that Moldova withdrew these remaining troops in February 2005, but they were replaced by a fresh contingent. A third rotation took place in February 2006.

•  Latvia - On June 18, 2007, all but 7 of Latvia's 125 troops left Iraq. Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. Events 618 - Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Currently, three soldiers remain in the country, presumably fulfilling a liaison role with other members of the Coalition. ^[70] Latvian troops were initially deployed to Kirkuk (under U. S. command) for a year, then transferred to Camp Charlie in Al Hillah, followed by Camp Delta in Al Kut. Finally, the Latvians were stationed at Camp Echo in Ad Diwaniyah where they conducted external security patrols. During their final posting, three Latvian soldiers were killed in action.

Nations no longer participating in ground operations

2007 withdrawals

•  Slovakia - On January 27, 2007, Slovak Prime Minister Robert Fico announced that all but 11 of the 110 Slovak troops (primarily engaged in destroying ordnance) operating under the US-led Coalition had been transferred from Diwaniya in Iraq to Kuwait. Slovakia (long form Slovak Republic; Slovak:, long form, is a Landlocked country in Central Europe with a population of over five million Events 98 - Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Robert Fico ( September 15, 1964 in Topoľčany) is the current Prime Minister of Slovakia (since July 4 2006 Al Diwaniyah ( BGN: Ad Dīwānīyah; also spelled Diwaniya) is the Capital city of Iraq 's Al Qadisiyah province They arrived home the following month. The remaining troops were sent to perform liaison duties at the Multinational Forces HQ in Baghdad: nine were withdrawn in stages,^[71] while the last two returned by the end of the year. ^[72] 4 Slovak soldiers were killed by mortars and roadside bombs during their deployment in Iraq.
•  Lithuania - The remaining 50 members of the Lithuanian contingent arrived home on August 9, 2007. Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[73] Lithuania originally deployed 120 troops to Iraq, approximately 50 under Polish command near Hillah (designation: LITDET), where they guarded Camp Echo; and an equal number under Danish command near Basra (designation: LITCON), where they conducted joint patrols with the Danish troops. Al-Hillah ( BGN: Al Ḩillah; also spelled Hillah or Hilla) is a city in central Iraq Basra ( BGN: AlBasrah also called Basorah Abillah and Uruk or IRAQ The name that British colony has adopted for Basra ^[74] The remainder served at various command centers throughout the country. The unit in the Polish sector was withdrawn during the course of 2006. Nine Lithuanian soldiers remain in Iraq under NTM-I.

2006 withdrawals

•  Italy - On September 21, 2006, Italian forces handed over Dhi Qar province in southern Iraq to newly-trained Iraqi security forces, thus ending their military mission: "The Italian contingent is going back. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The mission is accomplished — the security of the province is in your hands", Minister of Defence Arturo Parisi said to Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki. ^[75] About a month earlier, on August 23, the Italian contingent stood at 1,600 troops. Events 79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring on the feast day of Vulcan the Roman god of fire The 'Garibaldi Brigade' served its final four month tour of duty between May and September 2006, and included mechanized infantry, helicopters and Carabinieri in South Central Iraq, based around Nasiriyah. The Carabinieri (Italian for Carabiniers are the national-level Gendarmerie of Italy who also perform Military police duties Nasiriyah ( BGN: an-Nāṣiriyyah; also spelled Nassiriya or Nasiriya) is a city in Iraq The original contingent consisted of about 3,200 troops, but on July 9, 2005, former PM Berlusconi announced that Italian soldiers would gradually be withdrawn in groups of 300. Events 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. New Prime Minister Romano Prodi had pledged to withdraw the troops in his first speech to the senate and called the war "a grave mistake that has complicated rather than solved the problem of security". (born 9 August 1939 is an Italian politician and statesman He served as President of the Council of Ministers (prime minister of Italy twice from 17 May ^[76][77] Shortly after, on May 26, 2006, Italian foreign minister Massimo D'Alema announced that the Italian forces would be reduced from 1,800 to 1,600 by June. Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. On June 8, he said Italy's military presence in Iraq would end before 2007. Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable ^[78] The Military of Italy have lost 33 soldiers in Iraq. The Italian Armed forces are under the command of the Italian Supreme Defense Council presided over by the President of the Italian Republic. 25 were hostile deaths: two in separate engagements, six in various roadside bombings, 17 in a late 2003 suicide bombing on the Italian HQ in Nasiriyah (which also killed at least two Italian civilians), eight were accidents and one, a ranking major general, was a controversial friendly fire incident. Nicola Calipari ( June 23 1953 – March 4 2005) was an Italian SISMI Military intelligence officer with the

•  Japan - See: Japanese Iraq Reconstruction and Support Group

•  Norway - 140 of 150 troops (engineers and mine clearers) withdrawn on June 30, 2004 citing growing domestic opposition and the need for the troops elsewhere; the 10 remaining liaison officers had been withdrawn by August 2006. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Background The Koizumi administration originally ordered the controversial formation and deployment of the JIRSG at the request of the United States. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The Bondevik II government insists the troops were never part of the invasion force, citing a UN humanitarian mandate. çɛl mɑŋnə bunəvik (born 3 September 1947 is a Norwegian Lutheran minister and politician. This does not seem to have come to the attention of the international community, as Al-Qaeda has included Norway in videotaped threats on at least two occasions, and U. S. organizations have included Norway on their lists of participating nations. The actual status of Norwegian engineering and administrative personnel past and present is still a matter of domestic controversy, in part because troops serving in a war zone are entitled to better pay.

2005 withdrawals

•  Portugal - had 128 military policemen under Italian command (South East Iraq). Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Troops were withdrawn on February 10, 2005, two days ahead of schedule. Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

•  Netherlands - An independent contingent of 1,345 troops (including 650 Dutch Marines, three or four Chinook helicopters, a military police unit, a logistics team, a commando squad, a field hospital and Royal Netherlands Air Force AH-64 attack helicopters) was deployed to Iraq in 2003, based in Samawah (Southern Iraq). The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The Korps Mariniers is the Marine corps of the Netherlands. The Dutch Marine Corps is the elite Amphibious infantry component of the Royal Netherlands The Royal Netherlands Air Force (RNLAF, Dutch Koninklijke Luchtmacht (KLu, is the aviation branch of the Netherlands armed forces Samawah or As Samawah ( Arabic language:السماوة) is a city in Iraq, 280 kilometres (174 mi southeast of Baghdad. On June 1, 2004, the Dutch government renewed their stay through 2005. Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The Algemeen Dagblad reported on October 21, 2004, that the Netherlands would pull its troops out of Iraq in March 2005, which it did, leaving half a dozen liaison officers until late 2005. The Algemeen Dagblad (short AD is a Dutch newspaper Founded in Rotterdam in 1946 it currently has a daily circulation of 315000 Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The Dutch Government reportedly turned down an Iraqi Government request to extend the Dutch contingent for another year. The Netherlands lost 2 soldiers in separate attacks.

2004 withdrawals

•  Nicaragua - 230 troops left in February 2004, no replacement, attributed to financial reasons. Nicaragua (ˌnɪkəˈrɑgwə officially the Republic of Nicaragua () is a representative democratic republic and the largest nation in Central America While in Iraq, the troops were under Spanish command.

•  Spain - had 1,300 troops (mostly assigned to policing duties) in Najaf and commanded the troops of Honduras, El Salvador, the Dominican Republic, and of Nicaragua. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Najaf ( BGN: An Najaf) is a city in Iraq about 160 km south of Baghdad. Honduras in Spanish, República de Honduras) is a democratic republic in Central America. El Salvador ( República de El Salvador,) is a country in Central America. The Dominican Republic ( Spanish: República Dominicana;) is a nation located in the Caribbean region and shares the island of Hispaniola with Nicaragua (ˌnɪkəˈrɑgwə officially the Republic of Nicaragua () is a representative democratic republic and the largest nation in Central America Newly elected Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero fulfilled one of his campaign pledges and declared the end of the mission on April 28, 2004 with the withdrawal of the last 260 troops. The Prime Minister of Spain, (officially the President of the Government, Spanish: Presidente del Gobierno) is the Spanish Head of government José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (born 4 August 1960 better known by his maternal surname Zapatero (literally "shoemaker" in Spanish is the current Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " While in Iraq, Spain lost 11 military personnel: ten killed in insurgent attacks and one in an accident. Already during the mandate of the previous pro-invasion executive, Spanish permanent representative Inocencio Arias raised questions about the legitimacy of the Iraq war. Inocencio F Arias, also known as Chencho (born April 20 1940 in Albox, Almería province) is a multifarious Spanish

•  Honduras - 368 troops withdrawn by the end of May 2004 along with Spain's contingent, citing that the troops were sent there for reconstruction, not combat. Honduras in Spanish, República de Honduras) is a democratic republic in Central America. While in Iraq, the troops were under Spanish command (South East Iraq).

•  Dominican Republic - 302 troops withdrawn by the end of May 2004, shortly after Spain and Honduras withdrew their contingents, citing growing domestic opposition and the fall from power of PRD candidate Hipolito Mejia and the election of center-left PLD candidate Leonel Fernandez to the presidency in 2004. The Dominican Republic ( Spanish: República Dominicana;) is a nation located in the Caribbean region and shares the island of Hispaniola with Dominican troops were under constant mortar attacks but suffered no casualties. While in Iraq, the troops were under Spanish command (South East Iraq).

•  Philippines - 60 medics, engineers and other troops withdrawn July 14, 2004 in response to kidnapping of a truck driver. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " When the hostage takers' demands were met (Filipino troops out of Iraq), the hostage was released. While in Iraq, the troops were under Polish command (Central South Iraq) and during that time several Filipino soldiers were wounded in an insurgent attack but none died.

•  Thailand - Withdrawal of last 100 troops from Thailand's 423-strong humanitarian contingent completed on September 10, 2004, in accordance with Thailand's mandate in Iraq which expired in September. The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj Events 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra had previously announced early withdrawal if the situation became too dangerous. (ทักษิณ ชินวัตร IPA tɕʰinnawát Chinese: 丘[[wikt 達|達]] 新, Qiū Dáxīn nicknamed by the media as แม้ว Thailand lost 2 soldiers in Iraq in an insurgent attack.

•  Hungary - Hungary's contingent of 300 transportation troops had begun arriving home in Budapest from Iraq on December 22, 2004, reported AFP. Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Events 1790 - The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Suvorov and his Russian armies "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " All of Hungary's troops were reported by the Defence Ministry to have left Iraq by the end of that day. While in Iraq 1 Hungarian soldier was killed in an insurgent attack.

•  New Zealand - Two rotations of 61 military engineers, known as Task Force Rake, operated in Iraq from September 26, 2003 to September 25, 2004. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " ^[79][80] They were deployed to undertake humanitarian and reconstruction tasks consistent with UN Security Council Resolution 1483; they were not part of the invading force. United Nations Security Council Resolution 1483 was adopted by a vote of 14 to zero (with Syria absent on 22 May 2003. While in Iraq the unit was under British command (South East Iraq) and was based in Basra.

•  Iceland - Iceland had 2 Explosive Ordnance Disposal experts, a medical advisor, and some transport experts assigned to the Danish unit immediately after the occupation began; they have since been withdrawn. Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland ( ( Ísland or Lýðveldið Ísland ( Bomb disposal is the process by which hazardous explosive devices are rendered safe

Coalition members that never participated in ground operations

The original list of coalition members provided by the White House ^[81] included several nations that did not intend to participate in the actual fighting. Some of them, such as Marshall islands, Micronesia and Palau, do not have standing armies. The government of one country, Solomon Islands, listed by the White House as a member of the coalition, was apparently unaware of any such membership and promptly denied it. ^[82]

YouTube channel

In early March 2007, MNF-I announced^[83] that the coalition had launched an official YouTube channel. YouTube is a video sharing website where users can upload view and share Video clips YouTube was created in February 2005 by three former PayPal employees ^[84] The channel's videos have over a million views. ^[85]

The stated purpose of the YouTube channel is to "document action as it appeared to personnel on the ground and in the air as it was shot. " The clips posted to the site are edited for "time, security reasons, and/or overly disturbing or offensive images. "

Private security companies

In addition to regular troops there are 35,000-120,000^[86] private military contractors in Iraq. A private military company ( PMC) provides specialized expertise or services of a military nature sometimes called or classified as Mercenary ("soldiers for hire" One such example is Blackwater USA, which has been discussed often in recent news. Blackwater Worldwide, formerly Blackwater USA, is a Private military company founded in 1997 by Erik Prince and Al Clark These contractors also differ from military troops as they are outside a Uniform Code of Military Justice, and follow a separate system of legal accountability through registration with the Iraqi Ministry of Interior. The Uniform Code of Military Justice ( UCMJ,,) is the foundation of Military law in the United States. PSCs are regulated under CPA Memorandum 17, which has been endorsed by the Government of Iraq.

Contractor Casualties

As of 3 April 2007, at least 390 contractors have been killed in Iraq: the vast majority of them security personnel killed in ambushes or bombings. These include at least 120 Americans, 40 Britons, 21 South Africans, 17 Fijians, 5 Canadians as well as smaller numbers of fatalities from various other nations. Significant numbers of translators, engineers, truck-drivers and other workers have been killed including around 40 Americans, 34 Turks, 12 Nepalis, 9 Filipinos, 6 Bulgarians and 5 Jordanians; amongst others.

Incentives given by the U. S. to coalition members

Many nations received monetary and other incentives from the United States in return for sending troops to or otherwise supporting the Iraq war. ^{[87] [88]} Below is a partial list of some of the incentives offered to coalition members:

• Turkey - Turkey was offered approximately $8. 5 billion in loans in exchange for sending 10,000 peacekeeping troops in 2003. Even though the US did say the loans and the sending of troops to Iraq were not directly linked, it also said the loans are contingent upon "cooperation" on Iraq. ^[89]
• Singapore - In May 2003 the Bush Administration signed a free trade agreement with Singapore, the first with an Asian country. In announcing the deal, President Bush hailed Singapore as "a strong partner in the war on terrorism and a member of the coalition on Iraq. " Asia Times columnist Jeffrey Robertson argued was a reward for Singapore's support of the Iraq invasion. Asia Times was a Newspaper launched in Thailand by Thai tycoon Sondhi Limthongkul in 1995 ^[90][91][92]
• Australia: In 2004 the Bush Administration "fast tracked" a free trade agreement with Australia. The Sydney Morning Herald called the deal a "reward" for Australia's contribution of troops to the Iraq invasion. The Sydney Morning Herald ( SMH) is a daily Broadsheet Newspaper published by Fairfax Media in Sydney, Australia ^[93][94]
• Great Britain: As of 2006, the Independent reported that British companies have received at least £1. The Independent is a British compact Newspaper published by Tony O'Reilly 's Independent News & Media. 1bn contracts for reconstruction work in postwar Iraq. ^[95]

In addition to direct incentives, critics of the war have argued that the involvement of other members of the coalition was in response for indirect benefits, such as support for NATO membership or other military and financial aid. Almost all of the Eastern European nations involved in the Coalition have either recently joined or are in the process of joining the US-led NATO alliance (namely Bulgaria, Georgia, Albania, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Romania and Slovakia). The North Atlantic Treaty ^[96], the exceptions being Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic which joined NATO in 1999. Estonian Foreign Minister Urmas Paet, for example, said on April 21 that Estonian troops had to remain in Iraq due to his country's “important partnership” with the United States. Urmas Paet (born April 20 1974) is an Estonian politician and currently the Foreign Minister of Estonia ^[97]

At least one country, Georgia, is believed to have sent soldiers to Iraq as an act of repayment for the American training of security forces that could potentially be deployed to the break-away regions of South Ossetia and Abkhazia. Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between South Ossetia ( or; Хуссар Ирыстон Xussar Iryston; Южная Осетия Yuzhnaya Osetiya; სამხრეთი ოსეთი Samxreti Abkhazia (Аҧсны Apsny აფხაზეთი Apkhazeti or Abkhazeti Абха́зия Abhazia) is a De facto ^[98] Indeed, Georgian troops that were sent to Iraq have all undergone these training programs. ^[99]

El Salvador's President Antonio Saca has been accused of deploying troops in return for membership in the Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA),^[100] and as a member of the right-wing ARENA party that was supported heavily by the United States during the El Salvador Civil War, is certainly influenced by the United States. El Salvador ( República de El Salvador,) is a country in Central America. Elías Antonio Saca González (born in Usulután, 9 March 1965) is a Salvadoran politician and the current President of El Salvador An arena is an enclosed area often circular or oval-shaped designed to showcase Theater, musical performances or sporting events The Salvadoran Civil War (1980–1992 was between the Right-wing Military government of El Salvador and the Farabundo Martí National Liberation

Conversely, Greece's non involvement (a poll indicated 90% against the Iraq Invasion), may have led to the US recognizing the Republic of Macedonia under its constitutional name. ^[101]

Troop deployment in Iraq 2003-present

See also

• Gulf War (1990–1991) Coalition

References

External links

• http://mnf-iraq.com Official site
• Official YouTube channel
• Site with Iraq news and detailed database of all Coalition and Contractor casualties in Iraq
• Breakdown of Coalition Members by Contributions
• Images of coalition troops in Iraq
• Top UN envoy Sergio Vieira de Mello killed in terrorist blast in Baghdad - UN News Centre
• Coalition Troop Deployment Data and Graphs, Collected from various news sources. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security
• The Coalition of the Willing: Numbers and News Current numbers of Coalition forces, from multiple sources
• British Casualty Monitor: Tracking the war in Iraq