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Multan
 General Information
 Country Pakistan
 Province Punjab
 Coordinates 30.2°′″N 71.45°′″E / <span class="geo-dec geo" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for Expression error: Unexpected / operator Expression error: Unexpected / operator">Expression error: Unexpected / operator, Expression error: Unexpected / operatorCoordinates: 30.2°′″N 71.45°′″E / <span class="geo-dec geo" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for Expression error: Unexpected / operator Expression error: Unexpected / operator">Expression error: Unexpected / operator, Expression error: Unexpected / operator
 Elevation 710 m (2,329 ft) AMSL
 Area 3,721 km² (1,437 sq mi)
 Calling code 061
 Time zone PST (UTC+5)
 No. In Political geography and International politics, a country is a Political division of a geographical entity Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Currently the internationally recognized territory of Pakistan is subdivided into four provinces and two territories The Punjab ( Urdu:) province of A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The term above mean sea level ( AMSL) refers to the Elevation (on the ground or Altitude (in the Air) of any object relative to the Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. A telephone number or phone number is a sequence of numbers used to call from one Telephone line to another in a Telephone network. Pakistan Standard Time (PST is the time zone for Pakistan. It is usually 5 hours ahead of GMT though as of June 1 2008 it is 6 hours ahead due to the use of DST to help decrease UTC+5 is the Timezone for Pakistan Standard Time West Asia Standard Time. of Towns 3 Towns
Makhdoom Rashid,
Qadirpur Ran
Basti Maluk) [1]
 Population 1,423,919 (2007)
 Density 838/km² (2,170/sq mi)
 Government
 Nazim (Mayor) Mian Faisal Mukhtar
 No. A town is a type of settlement ranging from a few to several thousand (occasionally hundreds of thousands inhabitants although it may be applied loosely even to huge metropolitan In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume A nazim ( Urdu: ناظم, from the word for "organizer" or "convenor" (similar to Mayor) is the coordinator of cities and towns in Pakistan of Union Councils 4 Union Councils
Multan Cantonment,
Multan Sadar,
Shujabad
Jalalpur Pirwala
 Location
Multan (Pakistan )
Multan
Multan
Multan (Pakistan )
  
Provincial Government Website
Area reference
Density reference
Multan shown on a 1669 world map
Multan shown on a 1669 world map

Multan (help·info) (Urdu: ملتان) is a city in the Punjab Province of Pakistan and capital of Multan District. A Union Council or village council in Pakistan is an elected Local government body consisting of 21 councillors and headed by a Nazim (which is equivalent Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised The Punjab ( Urdu:) province of Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Multan District is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is located in the southern part of the province. Multan District has a population of over 3. 8 million (according to 1998 census) and the city itself is the sixth largest within the boundaries of Pakistan. It is situated on the east bank of the Chenab River, more or less in the geographic centre of the country and about 966 km from Karachi. HeadMarala3jpg|200px|right|thumb|A View of Marala Headworks on Chenab near Sialkot]] The Chenab River (ਚਨਾਬ, चनाब چناب literally 'Moon( To help compare different Orders of magnitude this page lists Lengths starting at 106 m (1 Mm or 1000 km) (ڪراچي) is the largest city in Pakistan. It is the world's second largest city proper behind Mumbai in terms of population which exceeds 10 million

Multan is known as the 'City of Sufi Saints (Pir) and Shrines'. Sufism ( تصوّف - taṣawwuf, Persian: صوفی‌گری sufigari, Turkish: tasavvuf, Urdu: تصوف A saint (from the Latin sanctus) is a human being to whom has been attributed (and who has generally demonstrated a high level of Holiness and Sanctity Pir ( Persian: (پیر literally "old " is a title for a Sufi master A shrine, from the Latin scrinium (‘box’ also used as a desk like the French bureau) was originally a container usually made of precious materials used The city is full of bazaars, mosques, shrines and superbly designed tombs. A bazaar ( بازار) (pazar is a permanent merchandising area Marketplace, or street of shops where goods and services are exchanged or sold A network of rails, highways and air flights has well connected Multan to the rest of the world.

Contents

History

Main article: History of Multan

Multan is one of the oldest cities in the Asian subcontinent. Multan, in the Punjab province of Pakistan, is one of the oldest cities in South Asia, the exact age has yet to be determined It was the capital of Trigarta Empire at the time of Mahabharta war. It has seen a lot of warfare because of its location on a major invasion route between South Asia and Central Asia. Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south It is famous for its Sufi shrines. Sufism ( تصوّف - taṣawwuf, Persian: صوفی‌گری sufigari, Turkish: tasavvuf, Urdu: تصوف

It is believed to have been visited by Alexander the Great. Alexander the Great ( or, Mégas Aléxandros; July 20 356 BC June 10 or June 11 323 BC also known as Alexander III of Macedon (el Ἀλέξανδρος Γ' In the mid-5th century, the city was attacked by a group of nomads led by Toraman. The 5th century is the period from 401 to 500 in accordance with the Julian calendar in Anno Domini / Common Era.

In the 7th century, Multan was conquered along with Sindh by the army of Muhammad bin Qasim, following bin Qasim's conquest, the city was securely under Muslim rule, although it was in effect an independent state. Sindh ( Sindhī: سنڌ Urdu: سندھ is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhis. Muhammad bin Qasim Al-Thaqafi (محمد بن قاسم (c 31 December, 695 &ndash 18 July, 715) born Muhammad bin Qasim bin Yusuf Sakifi The city was attacked twice by Mahmud of Ghazni who destroyed the Sun Temple and broke its giant Idol. Mahmud of Ghazni (محمود غزنوی Maḥmūd-e Ghaznawī ( November 2, 971 - April 30, 1030) also known as Yāmīn

During Mughal rule, Multan enjoyed over 200 years of peace, and became known as Dar al-Aman (Abode of Peace). The Mughal Empire ( Persian and self-designation گورکانی; مغلیہ سلطنت) was an Islamic imperial power which ruled most The Khakwani Nawabs of Multan gave it a lot of financial stability and growth to the local farming sector. It was at this time that Multan was ruled by Nawab Ali Mohammad Khan Khakwani. As governor of Multan, he built the famous Mosque Ali Mohammad Khan in 1757 which remains to this day. Many buildings were constructed in this time, and agricultural production grew rapidly. Multan at that time included areas which are part of Vehari, Bahawalpur, and Dera Ghazi Khan districts. The city escaped the destruction brought upon India by the armies of the Afghan Nadir Shah, but it was ruled from Kabul by numerous Afghan dynasties for a while. Nāder Shāh Afshār ( also known as Nāder Qoli Beg - نادر قلی بیگ or Tahmāsp Qoli Khān - تهماسپ قلی خان) (November } Kābul ( Persian and Pashto: کابل, IPA:) is the Capital and largest city of Afghanistan, with

Multan witnessed difficult times as Mughal rule declined and after Ahmad Shah Durrani's dynasty went into decline, it was ruled locally by the Pashtun Khakwani and Sadozai chieftains. Ahmad Shāh Durrānī (c1723-1773 ( also known as Ahmad Shāh Abdālī ( احمد شاه ابدالي) and born as Ahmad Khān Abdālī, Pashtuns ( Pashto: پښتون Paṣtūn, Paxtūn, also rendered as Pushtuns, Pakhtuns, Pukhtuns) also called Sadozai can refer to Sadozai (Pastun tribe Sadozai (Baloch tribe The Sikhs thereafter, attacked Multan and killed the Sadozai Nawab and took over the city. The Khakwanis had moved out of the city at that time and lived in small walled cities around main Multan.

In the 19th century, the Sikh ruler Maharaja Ranjit Singh conquered Multan and came to rule over the province of Punjab. Sikh armies under their General Hari Singh Nalwa defeated and killed the ruler of Multan Muzaffar Khan Saddozai. Hari Singh Nalwa (1791-1837 was a legendary Sikh warrior who was born in Gujranwala, Punjab. The Sikhs thereafter ruled Punjab till 1849 loosing to the British in the Second Anglo Sikh war.

Geography and climate

The city of Multan is located in southern Punjab province at almost the exact centre of Pakistan. The very next major adjoining city is Sahiwal. Sahiwal ( Urdu: ساہیوال) is a growing city in the southeastern province of Punjab province of The area around the city is a flat plain and is ideal for agriculture. There are many canals that cut across the Multan District that provide water from nearby rivers. It is extremely hot in the summer. Multan is has several citrus and mango farms . It is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. The climate in summer reached 52Ĉ in winter -2Ĉ recorded. Dusty winds blow in summer .

Demographics

The majority of Multan's residents speak a language called Saraiki. The overwhelming majority of the people are Muslim. Most of the people speak Saraiki language with a good portion of the people conversant in Urdu. Sarāikī ( Perso-Arabic: سراییکی Gurmukhi: ਸਰਾਇਕੀ Devanagari: सराइकी commonly spelled Seraiki also Siraiki is Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised English is understood by the educated. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States

Multan has traditionally been a melting pot of several regional as well as distinct ethnic groups due to it location near four of Pakistan's main provinces and it historical significance as a centre of learning, culture. As a result, Multan of today consists of Baloch, Pashtun, Panjabi, Saraiki (a transition group between Punjabi and Sindhi), Afghan, Persian (usually the Qizilbash) and Urdu-speaking Muhajirs who recently arrived at the time of independence in 1947. The Baloch ( بلوچ; alternative transliterations Baluch Balouch Bloach Balooch Balush Balosh Baloosh Baloush) are an Iranian people inhabiting Pashtuns ( Pashto: پښتون Paṣtūn, Paxtūn, also rendered as Pushtuns, Pakhtuns, Pukhtuns) also called Punjabi (pa ਪੰਜਾਬੀ in Gurmukhi script pa-PK {{Nastaliq پنجابی}} in Shahmukhi script Pañjābī in Transliteration) is an Sindhis ( Sindhi: سنڌي) are a Sindhi speaking socio-ethnic group of people originating in Sindh in Pakistan. The Demographics of Afghanistan are ethnically and linguistically mixed layout and formatting it should ensure no clashes with the top of the infobox Qizilbash or Kizilbash ( Nastaliq: قزلباش - Qizilbāš; Ottoman Turkish for "Red Heads" is a name given to a wide See Muhajir page for all Muhajir groups in the world Muhajir or Panahgir (مہاجر is a diverse term used to describe the

Multan is also rich in literature, there are many poets and other prominent personalities who are known country-wide. The city is notable for being the birthplace of the founder of Afghanistan, Ahmed Shah Abdali who was born in the village of Kiri Shah Husain Khan where members of his tribe still live. Ahmad Shāh Durrānī (c1723-1773 ( also known as Ahmad Shāh Abdālī ( احمد شاه ابدالي) and born as Ahmad Khān Abdālī, In Urdu poetry Asad Multani, Dr. Qateel Jaffri, Haider Gardezi, Aasi Karnali, Aslam Ansari, Arsh Siddiqi, Sahir Bukhari (Known as Sharif Bukhari), Iqbal Arshad, Arshad Multani, Hazeen Sidiqi, Anwar Jamal, Razi-ud-Din Razi, Ghazala Khakwani, Kashif Baloch, Sajid Nadeem Sajid Shaakir Hussain Shaakir and Riffat Abbass are popular poets of the city. Hafeez Khan, a leading short story writer, playwright, critic, research scholar and columnist and Mazhar Kaleem, the undisputed master of spy novels in Urdu literature also hail from Multan. Mazhar Kaleem ( Urdu: مظہر کلیم) is a Pakistani Novelist chiefly famous for his Imran Series novels, Urdu Spy Multan is also famous for its sufis. It is still the home town of Sheikh Amin, a present day famous sufi.

Economy

Main article: Economy of Multan
Local billboards in Multan
Local billboards in Multan

Multan is a commercial and industrial centre, it is connected with the rest of the country through rail and air including the other industrial hubs such as Lahore, Karachi, Quetta and Faisalabad. ( lahor is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and is the second largest city in Pakistan after Karachi. (ڪراچي) is the largest city in Pakistan. It is the world's second largest city proper behind Mumbai in terms of population which exceeds 10 million ( Urdu: کوئٹہ) ( Pashto: کوټه) also spelled Kwatah City is a variation of kwatkot a Pashto word meaning “fort ( is a city located in the province of Punjab, Pakistan. It was formerly known as Lyallpur. Industries include fertilizer, cosmetics, glass manufacturing, cotton production and processing, large textile units, flour mills, sugar and oil mills and large-scale power generation projects. It is famous for its handicrafts (carpets & ceramics) and cottage industries. There are hospitals, public gardens, and several colleges affiliated with the University of the Punjab. The University of Multan was established in 1975. Large, irregular suburbs have grown outside the old walled town, and two satellite towns have been set up. Mangoes of Multan district are well known. Famous orchards include Nawab Sar Buland Khan Badozai Mango Farm, Tareen Mango Farms, Khakwani Mango farm and alizai mango farm. Famous historian Dr Ashik Khan Durrani has also written a wonderful book on this subject, named Salay Aam'. Multani khussa (traditional shoes), embroidery on dresses for women and men, furniture and other wooden products, earthenware pottery, painted pottery, camel-skin ware (e. g. lamps), surgical instruments and carpets are a few of the city's major export items with a great demand within the country as well.

Mango trees are a large portion of Multan's export domestically as well as abroad
Mango trees are a large portion of Multan's export domestically as well as abroad

Multan is an important agricultural, industrial and tourist centre. Wheat, cotton and sugarcane are the main crops grown in the district. Moreover, rice, maize, tobacco, bajra, moong(lentils), mash(lentils), masoor(lentils) , oil seed such as rape / mustard and sunflower are also grown in minor quantities in the district. Mangoes, citrus, guavas and pomegranate are the main fruits grown in the Multan district. Additionally, dates, jaman, pears, phalsa and bananas are grown in minor quantities in the district. Mangoes:[2]Citrus kinnow:[3]

The Pak-Arab Refinery Limited is located in Multan]]. The White Oil Pipeline (White Oil Pipeline Project (WOP)) carries imported oil from Port Qasim to Pak-Arab Refinery Limited (PARCO) at Mehmood Kot, Multan[1]. The Port Muhammad Bin Qasim ( Urdu: بندر گاہ محمد بن قاسم) is a Port in Karachi, Pakistan on the coastline of the

Educational institutions

Main articles: List of educational institutions in Multan and List of universities in Multan

In 1950, the then Governor Abdur Rub Nishtar founded Nishter Medical College, which became an affiliate of Punjab University. Pakistan has a large number of universities supported by the Government of Pakistan and the Provincial Governments Nishter Medical College is located in Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Renowned doctors graduated from this institution and have spread to all over the world. Legacy of its graduates resonates in the west, where a large number of these doctors have established their name in the different faculties of medicine.

Bahauddin Zakariya University formerly known as Multan University is the main source of higher education for this region. Bahauddin Zakariya University (جامعھ بہاؤ الدین زکریا is located in Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Bahauddin Zakariya University (جامعھ بہاؤ الدین زکریا is located in Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Among schools, various public and private schools provide education up to secondary level. One of them is Government Islamia High School at Aam Khas Bagh, which in spite of very limited resources, is providing opportunity for the poor students of this city to excel. There are several private schools and colleges which follow foreign curricula like the British GCE Ordinary Level/Advanced level and the IB within the city. The O-level (Ordinary Level is a subject-based qualification conferred as part of the General Certificate of Education (GCE The A-level, short for Advanced Level, is a General Certificate of Education qualification in England, Northern Ireland and Wales, The International Baccalaureate (IB Diploma Programme (DP is an Educational programme examined in one of three languages ( English, French or Spanish The oldest of these institutes is La Salle High School(a school acknowledge as the best private institution) which somehow has lost its significance as schools such as Multan Public School, Jinnah Highs, Bloomfield Hall, Nishat High School and Beacon House have attracted high calibre students given their resources. Multan Public School with its 97-acre campus is one of the largest and better public schools in Pakistan. An Institute for Engineering and Technology called N. F. C. I. E. T. currently offers Graduate Degrees in Chemical, Electronic and Computer System Engineering.

Famous People from Multan

Sites of interest

The Multan Municipal Corporation Clock Tower
The Multan Municipal Corporation Clock Tower
King's Mosque (also referred as Eid Gah Mosque)
King's Mosque (also referred as Eid Gah Mosque)
Side view of the Shah Rukn-I-Alam mausoleum
Side view of the Shah Rukn-I-Alam mausoleum

Friday prayers

See also



External links

Official
Hussain Industries (est 1994 is one of the largest Textile manufacturers in Pakistan. There are several Hindu temples in Multan, a city in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The Multan Fort, a Pakistani military installation was a landmark of Indian defence and architecture Due to Multan's rich heritage of pirs and Saints the city also has many mausoleums and shrines Within the city of Multan Pakistan there is a shrine of Hazrat Muhammad Shah Yusaf Gardezi commonly known as Shah Gardez just inside the Bohar Gate Shaikh Syed Abul Hassab Musa Pak Shaheed ( Urdu: شيخ سيد موسى پاک شهيد) was originally from Uch Sharif and descendant of Hazrat The Mausoleum of Shah Ali Akbar is a mausoleum in Shia Miani Multan. The long brick tombs generally known as Nuagaza tombs, or the "nineyarder tombs". for the village in Togo see Manka Togo The Manka is a famous stone that lies on an old tomb in the city of Multan, The Multan Museum located in the city of Multan, Punjab, Pakistan contains a fine collection of coins medals postage stamps of the former State Multan Pakistan boasts of having some of the oldest mosques which were once considered as the jewels of the city Masjid Al-Khair, or Al-Khair Mosque is a Mosque in Singapore founded in the early 60s. Multan Pakistan boasts of having some of the oldest mosques which were once considered as the jewels of the city Id Gah Mosque or Eid Gah Mosque is the second largest Mosque in Kabul, Afghanistan, where 2 million people offer Eid prayers twice Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide.
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