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Commune of Mulhouse |
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| Location | |
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| Coordinates | |
| Administration | |
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| Country | France |
| Region | Alsace |
| Department | Haut-Rhin (sous-préfecture) |
| Arrondissement | Mulhouse |
| Canton | Chief town of 4 cantons |
| Intercommunality | Mulhouse Sud-Alsace |
| Mayor | Jean-Marie Bockel (1989-2008) |
| Statistics | |
| Elevation | 232 m–338 m (avg. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. France is divided into 26 regions or régions (in French of which 21 are in continental Metropolitan France, one is the island of Corsica, Alsace (Alsace alzas Alsatian and Elsass pre-1996 German: Elsaß; Alsatia is one of the 26 Regions of France, located on the eastern In the context of the political and geographic organization of France and many of its former colonies a department (département depaʁtǝmɑ̃ is an Administrative division Haut-Rhin is a ''département'' of France named after the Rhine river Subprefectures (sous-préfectures are the administrative towns of arrondissements in France that do not contain the prefecture for its department. The 100 French departments are divided into 342 arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts. The arrondissement of Mulhouse is an arrondissement of France located in the Haut-Rhin département, in the Alsace The cantons of France are territorial subdivisions of the French Republic's 341 arrondissements and 100 departments. The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Jean-Marie Bockel (born June 22 1950 in Strasbourg) has been Secretary of State for Defence and Veterans in the government of Prime Minister François Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. 240 m) |
| Land area¹ | 22. 18 km² |
| Population² (1999) |
(Mulhousiens) 110,359 |
| - Density | 4,976/km² (1999) |
| Miscellaneous | |
| INSEE/Postal code | 68224/ 68100, 68200 |
| 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0. As of January 1, 2008, 64473140 people live in the French Republic. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume The INSEE code is a numerical indexing code used by the French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE to identify various entities including communes Postal codes were introduced in France in 1972, when La Poste introduced automated sorting. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. An estuary is a semi-enclosed Coastal body of Water with one or more Rivers or Streams flowing into it and with a free connection to the open | |
| 2 Population sans doubles comptes: residents of multiple communes (e.g. students and military personnel) only counted once. C D E | |
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Mulhouse (French: Mulhouse, pronounced [myluz]; Alsatian: Milhüsa or Milhüse, pronounced [mɪlˈyːzə]; German: Mülhausen; i. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Alsatian ( Elsässerditsch; Alsacien Elsässisch or Elsässerdeutsch) is a Low Alemannic German dialect spoken in most of Alsace, a region The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. e. house of mills) is a city and commune in eastern France, close to the Swiss and German borders. A grinding mill is a Unit operation designed to break a solid material into smaller pieces The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. With 271,000 inhabitants in the metropolitan area in 2007 it is the largest city in Haut-Rhin, and the second largest in Alsace after Strasbourg. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Haut-Rhin is a ''département'' of France named after the Rhine river Alsace (Alsace alzas Alsatian and Elsass pre-1996 German: Elsaß; Alsatia is one of the 26 Regions of France, located on the eastern Strasbourg (Strasbourg stʁazbuʁ Alsatian: Strossburi,; Straßburg) is the capital and principal City of the Alsace région Its designated local development area consists of 16 communes, but its conurbation is substantially larger than that. A conurbation is an Urban area or Agglomeration comprising a number of Cities, large Towns and larger urban areas that through Population
Contents |
Administration
Mulhouse is the chief city of an arrondissement of the Haut-Rhin département, of which it is a sous-préfecture. The 100 French departments are divided into 342 arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts. Haut-Rhin is a ''département'' of France named after the Rhine river In the context of the political and geographic organization of France and many of its former colonies a department (département depaʁtǝmɑ̃ is an Administrative division Subprefectures (sous-préfectures are the administrative towns of arrondissements in France that do not contain the prefecture for its department. Although the city is by far the most populous in Haut-Rhin, its préfecture (capital) resides in the smaller commune of Colmar. Colmar (Colmar kɔlmaʁ Alsatian: Colmer pronounced; Colmar between 1871-1918 and 1940-1945 also Kolmar) is a town and commune
History
The first written records of Mulhouse date from the 12th century. It was part of the southern Alsatian county of Sundgau in the Holy Roman Empire. Sundgau (suŋˈɡo in French;[http//mediala-basorg/mp3/020923/22-Alsace-Sundgau The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in From 1354–1515 Mulhouse was part of the Décapole, an association of ten Free Imperial Cities in Alsace. The Décapole ( Zehnstädtebund or Dekapolis in German) was an alliance of ten towns of the Holy Roman Empire in Alsace, in a In the Holy Roman Empire, a free imperial city (in German: freie Reichsstadt) was a City formally ruled by the Emperor only &mdash The city joined the Swiss Confederation as an associate in 1515 and was therefore not annexed by France in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 like the rest of the Sundgau. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation The term Peace of Westphalia refers to the two peace treaties of Osnabrück and Münster, signed on May 15 and October 24 of It was then considered a free republic associated with the Swiss Confederation until it was annexed by France on January 4, 1798, during the French Directory period. Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina. Year 1798 ( MDCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Executive Directory ( Directoire exécutif) was a body of 5 single-male Directors that held executive power in France following
After the Franco-Prussian War and the unification of Germany, Mulhouse was annexed to the German Empire as part of the territory of Alsace-Lorraine (1870-1918). The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the 1870 War ( 19 July, 1870 — 10 May, 1871 The unification of Germany took place on January 18, 1871, when Prussian Chief Minister Otto von Bismarck managed to unify a number of independent The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification Alsace-Lorraine (Reichsland Elsaß-Lothringen generally Elsass - Lothringen) was a territorial entity created by the German Empire in 1871 The city was occupied by French troops on 8 August 1914 at the start of World War I, but they were forced to withdraw two days later in the Battle of Mulhouse. Events 1220 - Sweden is defeated by Estonian tribes in the Battle of Lihula. Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The Battle of Mulhouse (or Mülhausen, which began on August 9, 1914, was the opening attack of World War I by the French army against Germany Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France in 1918. It was occupied and annexed by Nazi Germany after the Battle of France in 1940, until restored to France at the close of the war in 1945. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers In World War II, the Battle of France, also known as the Fall of France, was the German invasion of France and the Low Countries
The town's development was stimulated first by the expansion of the textile industry and tanning, and subsequently by chemical and engineering industries from the mid 18th century. The Textile industry (also known in the United Kingdom and Australia as the Rag Trade) is a term used for industries primarily concerned with the design Tanning is the process of converting Putrescible skin into non-putrescible Leather, usually with Tannin, an Acidic Chemical compound The chemical industry comprises the companies that produce industrial chemicals The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system In consequence Mulhouse has enduring links with Louisiana, from which it imported cotton, and also with the Levant. The State of Louisiana ( or, État de Louisiane, pronounced) is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America Cotton is a soft staple Fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant ( Gossypium sp See also Names of the Levant The Levant (lə'vænt is a geographical term that denotes a large area in Western Asia, roughly bounded on the north by the The town's history also explains why its centre is relatively small.
Geography
Two rivers run through Mulhouse, the Doller and the Ill, both tributaries of the Rhine. The Doller is a River in Alsace ( Haut-Rhin) in north-eastern France. The Ill (all capitals ILL pronounced) is a River in Alsace, in north-eastern France. The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge
Districts
Medieval Mulhouse consists essentially of a lower and an upper town.
- The lower town was formerly the quarter of merchants and craftsmen. It developed around the Place de la Réunion (which commemorates its reunion with France). Nowadays this area is pedestrianised.
- The upper town developed from the 18th century on. Previously, several monastic orders were established there, notably the Franciscans, Augustinians, Poor Clares and Knights of Malta. Monasticism (from Greek μοναχός, monachos, derived from Greek monos, alone is the religious practice in which one The term Franciscan is commonly used to refer to members of Catholic The Augustinians, named after Saint Augustine of Hippo (died AD 430) are several Catholic Monastic orders and congregations The Order of Poor Ladies, also known as the Order of St Clare, the Poor Clares, the Poor Clare Sisters, the Clarisse, the Minoresses The Knights Hospitaller (also known as the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St
- The Nouveau Quartier (New Town) is the best example of urban planning in Mulhouse, and was developed from 1826 on, after the town walls had been removed (as they were in many French towns). See also List of cities with defensive walls A defensive wall is a Fortification used to defend a city or settlement from potential aggressors It is focused around the Place de la République. Its network of streets and its triangular shape are a good demonstration of the town's desire for a planned layout. The planning was undertaken by the architects G. Stolz and Félix Fries. This quarter was taken up by rich families and the owners of local industries, who tended to be liberal and republican in their opinions.
- The Rebberg district consists of grand houses inspired by the colonnaded residences of Louisiana cotton planters. Originally, this was the town's vineyard (the word reb meaning vine). A vineyard is a Plantation of Grape -bearing Vines grown mainly for Winemaking, but also Raisins Table grapes and non-alcoholic A vine is any plant of Genus Vitis (the Grape plants or by extension any similar climbing or trailing plant The houses here were built as terraces in the English style, a result of the town's close relationship with Manchester, where the sons of industrialists were often sent to study. In Architecture and City planning, a terrace(d or row house or townhouse (though the latter term can also refer to Patio houses
Principal places of interest
- Hôtel de Ville (16th century). The town hall was built in 1553 in the Rhenish Renaissance style. The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge Renaissance architecture is the architecture of the period between the early 15th and early 17th centuries in different regions of Europe in which there was a Montaigne described it as a "palais magnifique et tout doré" ("a splendid palace gilded all over") in 1580. Michel Eyquem de Montaigne (French miʃɛl ekɛm də mɔ̃tɛɲ ( February 28 1533 &ndash September 13 1592) was one of the most influential writers It is known for its trompe l'oeil paintings, and its pictures of allegories representing the vices and virtues. Trompe-l'œil, which can also be spelled without the hyphen in English ( French: "trick the eye" tʁɔ̃p lœj is an Art technique involving extremely An allegory (from αλλος allos "other" and el αγορευειν agoreuein "to speak in public" is a figurative mode of representation
- Workers' quarter (mid 19th century), inspired by districts in Manchester. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar
- Place de la Bourse and the building of the Société Industrielle de Mulhouse, in the Nouveau Quartier (19th century)
- Musée National de l'Automobile de Mulhouse (featuring the Schlumpf collection)
- French National Railway Museum
- Museum of Electricity (Electropolis)
- Museum of Printed Textiles (Musée de l'Impression sur Étoffes)
- Botanical gardens and zoo
Principal economic activities
- Automobile industry (Peugeot's Mulhouse factory is the largest employer in Alsace)
- Chemical industry (ICMD)
- Electronics (Clemessy)
- Engineering (SACM - Wärsitlä)
Transport
Mulhouse is served by Basel-Mulhouse-Freiburg International Airport. Cité de l'Automobile Musée national de l'automobile Collection Schlumpf is located in Mulhouse, France and houses the Schlumpf Collection of classic The Cité du train ( French: Musée français du chemin de fer the French national Railway Museum, is in Mulhouse. A zoological garden, shortened to zoo, is an institution in which living animals are exhibited in captivity The automotive industry is the industry involved in the design development manufacture marketing and sale of Motor vehicles In 2007 more than 73 million motor vehicles For the article about the bicycle manufacturer see Cycles Peugeot. Electronics refers to the flow of charge (moving Electrons through Nonmetal conductors (mainly Semiconductors, whereas electrical EuroAirport Basel-Mulhouse-Freiburg is an international airport near Basel ( Switzerland) Mulhouse ( France) and Freiburg (
Mulhouse has its own SNCF station with a direct connection to Basel in Switzerland. SNCF ( Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Français) (French National Railway Company is a French public enterprise "Basilia" redirects here For the Fly Genus, see Basilia (fly. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation
Transport within Mulhouse is provided by a tram network, which opened on May 13, 2006[1] and is due to be further extended by 2008. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
Miscellaneous
Births
Mulhouse was the birth place of:
- Jean de Beaugrand (1584-1640), lineographer and mathematician
- Johann Heinrich Lambert (1728-1777), mathematician, physicist and astronomer
- Charles Frédéric Girard (1822-1895), biologist specializing on ichthyology and herpetology
- Alfred Dreyfus (1859-1935), French military officer best known for being the focus of the Dreyfus affair
- Georges Friedel (1865-1933), mineralogist, son of Charles Friedel
- Pierre Weiss (1865-1940), physicist
- Alfred Werner (1866-1919), Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1915
- Artur Dinter (1876–1948), writer and Nazi politician. Jean de Beaugrand (1584-1640 was the foremost French Lineographer of the seventeenth century Lineography is the Art of drawing without lifting the pen pencil or paintbrush that is being used A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study and research is the field of Mathematics. Johann Heinrich Lambert ( August 26, 1728 &ndash September 25 1777) was a Swiss Mathematician, Physicist and Year 1728 ( MDCCXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1777 ( MDCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study and research is the field of Mathematics. A physicist is a Scientist who studies or practices Physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many branches of physics spanning Historically Astronomy was more concerned with the classification and description of phenomena in the sky while Astrophysics attempted to explain these phenomena Charles Frédéric Girard ( March 8, 1822 - January 29, 1895) was a French Biologist specializing on Ichthyology Year 1822 (MDCCCXXII was a Common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Sunday of the Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year A biologist is a Scientist devoted to and producing results in Biology through the study of Organisms Typically biologists study organisms and their relationship Ichthyology (from Greek ἰχθυ ikhthu, "fish" and λόγος logos, "knowledge" is the branch of Zoology devoted to the study Herpetology (from Greek: ἑρπετόν herpeton, "creeping animal" and λόγος logos, "knowledge" is the branch of Zoology Alfred Dreyfus (9 October 1859 &ndash 12 July 1935 was a French artillery officer of Jewish background whose trial and conviction in 1894 on charges of treason Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Military of France encompasses an army, a navy, an air force and a military police force. The Dreyfus Affair a Political scandal which divided France from the 1890s to the early 1900s Georges Friedel (born 19 July 1865 in Mulhouse; died 11 December 1933 in Strasbourg) was a French mineralogist and crystallographer Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Charles Friedel ( March 12, 1832 &ndash April 20, 1899) was a French Chemist and mineralogist. Pierre Weiss ( May 25 1865 - 24 October 1940) was a French Physicist who developed the domain theory of Ferromagnetism Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Alfred Werner ( December 12, 1866 - November 15, 1919) was a Swiss chemist who was a professor at the University Year 1866 ( MDCCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Nobelpriset i kemi is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of Chemistry. Artur Dinter ( 27 June 1876 – 21 May 1948) was a German Writer and Nazi Politician. Year 1876 ( MDCCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A writer is anyone who creates a written work although the word usually designates those who write creatively or professionally as well as those who have written in many different forms Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person
- Friedrich Wilhelm Levi (1888-1966), mathematician
- William Wyler (1902-1981), award-winning motion picture director
- Karl Brandt (1904-1948), Nazi German personal physician to Adolf Hitler and head administrator of the T-4 Euthanasia Program. Friedrich Wilhelm Daniel Levi ( February 6, 1888 - January 1, 1966) was a German Mathematician known for his work in Year 1888 ( MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study and research is the field of Mathematics. William Wyler ( July 1, 1902 – July 27, 1981) was a four-time Academy Award -winning motion picture director Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 A film director, or filmmaker, is a person who directs the making of a Film. Year 1904 ( MCMIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting on Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately Action T4 (Aktion T4 was a program in Nazi Germany spanning October 1939 until August 1941 during which physicians killed 70273 peoplespecified in Hitler's
- Katia and Maurice Krafft, volcanologists
- Christiane Scrivener (born 1925), EU-Commissioner
- Huguette Dreyfus (born 1928) harpsichordist
- Pierre Chambon (born 1931), biologist
- François Florent (born François Eichholtzer, 1937), actor, founder of the Cours Florent
- Mireille Delunsch (born 1962), soprano
- Paul Meyer (born 1965), clarinetist
- Vitaa (born 1983), singer
Mayors of Mulhouse
- Jean-Marie Bockel (since 1989)
- Joseph Klifa (1981-1989)
- Emile Muller (1956-1981)
Twin towns
Walsall, United Kingdom, since 1953.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg.png)
Antwerp, Belgium, since 1956
Kassel, Germany, since 1965
Bergamo, Italy, since 1989
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America- Chemnitz, Germany, since 1990
Giv'atáyim, Israel, since 1991
Timişoara, Romania, since 1991 (Coopération décentralisée)
El Khroub, Algeria, since 1999 (Coopération décentralisée)
Sofara, Mali, since 2003 (Coopération décentralisée)
External links
- Official website (English) (French)
- MulhouseBienvenue.com City Guide Town of Mulhouse (French)
- Museum of Printed Textiles
- TramTrain website (English) (German)
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