A mule or courier is someone who smuggles something with him or her (as opposed to sending by mail, etc. A courier is a Person or company employed to deliver Messages packages and Mail. Smuggling, also known as trafficking, is the clandestine transportation of goods or persons past a point where prohibited such as out of a building into a Prison ) across a national border, including smuggling into and out of an international plane, especially a small amount, transported for a smuggling organization. Smuggling is a behavior that has occurred ever since there were laws or a moral code that forbid access to a specific person or object The organizers employ mules to reduce the risk of getting caught themselves, while often profiting most. The mule typically gets paid an amount which is small compared with the profit, but large for somebody with little money, so that it seems to him or her an easy way to make money.
Sometimes the goods are hidden in e. g. the bag or vehicle of an innocent person, who does not know about this, for the purpose of retrieving the goods elsewhere.
In the case of transporting illegal drugs, the term drug mule applies. The illegal drug trade or drug trafficking is a global Black market consisting of the cultivation manufacture distribution and sale of illegal Drugs
Methods of smuggling include hiding the goods in a vehicle, luggage or clothes, strapping them to one's body, or using the body as container. Serine/threonine kinase receptor associated protein, also known as STRAP, is a human Gene.
The latter is mainly applied for heroin and cocaine, and sometimes for ecstasy [1]. Heroin ( INN: diacetylmorphine, BAN: diamorphine) is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from Morphine, a derivative Cocaine ( benzoylmethyl ecgonine) is a Crystalline Tropane Alkaloid that is obtained from the leaves of the Coca plant MDMA ( 34-methylenedioxy- N -methylamphetamine) most commonly known today by the street name Ecstasy (often abbreviated E, X, It is often done by swallowing latex balloons (often condoms, or fingers of latex gloves) or special pellets filled with the goods, and recovering them from the feces later (such a smuggler is called a swallower or internal carrier; the practice is also called body packing or body stuffing). A condom is a device most commonly used during Sexual intercourse. Feces, faeces, or fæces (see spelling differences) is a waste product from an animal's digestive tract expelled through the Anus A balloon swallower is an individual who crosses a border with the intent to smuggle drugs contained in his or her Gastrointestinal tract or other It is a common, but medically dangerous way of smuggling small amounts of drugs: a mule may well die when a packet bursts or leaks.
People are sometimes X-rayed at airports etc. X-radiation (composed of X-rays) is a form of Electromagnetic radiation. to check for drug pellets.
With regard to traffic from South America to the US, the US Drug Enforcement Administration reports: "Unlike cocaine, heroin is often smuggled by people who swallow large numbers of small capsules (50-90), allowing them to transport up to 1. The Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA) is a United States Department of Justice Law enforcement agency tasked with combating drug smuggling and 5 kilograms of heroin per courier. "[2]. However, elsewhere cocaine is smuggled this way.
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Drug Mules into the UK
In 2003; statistics confirmed that over 50% of foreign females in UK jails were drug mules from Jamaica. [3]. Nigerian women also make a large contribution to the remaining figure.
In all, around 18% of the UK's female jail population are foreigners. 60% of which are serving sentences for drug related offences - most of them drug mules. [4]
Other Drug Mules
Schapelle Corby, arrested in October 2004, claimed to be an unwitting drug mule. Schapelle Leigh Corby (born 10 July 1977) is an Australian convicted and imprisoned in Indonesia for Drug smuggling. The Bali Nine are an example of a drug-smuggling ring. The Bali Nine is the name given to a group of nine Australian citizens arrested on 17 April 2005 in Denpasar on the island of Bali, Indonesia, in a plan
Drug smuggling by a mule was the topic of:
- Maria Full of Grace (2004)
- Bolletjes Blues (2006)
See also
References
External links
- 2006 news item on swallowers
- "Drug smuggling by body packing: what radiologists should know about it." (abstract)
- The cocaine 'body-packer' syndrome: Diagnosis and treatment
- Fatal Heroin Intoxication in Body Packers in Northern Thailand during the Last Decade: Two Case Reports
- Child body packing
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