The first page of an 18th century Sous Berber manuscript of Muḥammad Awzal's al-Ḥawḍ, part I (adapted from N. v. d. Boogert 1997 plate I)

Muḥammad Awzal (1670-1748) (Arabic: محمد عوزل‎), also known as Muhammad ibn Ali Awzal or al-Awzali was a religious Berber poet. Year 1748 ( MDCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos Berbers are the indigenous peoples of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. A poet is a person who writes Poetry. Etymology From the Ancient greek: ποιέω, poieō: "I make or compose" He is considered the most important author of the Tashelhiyt (southern Morocco Berber language) literary tradition. Tashelhiyt (also Tashelhit or Tachelhit or Tachelhiyt or Shilha, native name tašlḥiyt, French: tachelhit Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa Nomenclature The term Berber has been used in Europe since at least the 17th century and is still used today He was born around 1670 in the village of al-Qasaba in the region of Sous, Morocco and died in 1748/9 (1162 of the Egira). The Sous or Souss ( Berber tamazirt n Sus, Arabic بلاد السوس bilād as-Sūs) is a region in southern Morocco. Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa Year 1748 ( MDCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1749 ( MDCCXLIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Aigeira or Aegira (Αιγείρα older el Αίγειρα also Egira, Eyira, Aiyira is a community located about 500 m SW of the Gulf

Life and works

There are few hard facts about his life. He may have killed somebody from his tribe when he was young and this may have been the reason for him to seek refuge in Tamegroute, a village known for an ancient sanctuary, where he started his religious studies. Tamegroute (Tamgrout is a village in the south of Morocco in the valley of the Draa River. It was probably towards the end of his studies that he wrote in Arabic, as an essay, his first work, Mahamiz al-Ghaflan. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language After some time he came back to his place of origin, putting himself at the disposal of the family of the murder. They may have taken revenge on him but instead, convinced of the sincerity of his conversion and of his new choice of life, they forgave him.

Life, however, was not always easy in his village as his preachings were not popular. It seems that in reaction to such resistance he composed his second work, always in Arabic, the Tanbih ("Admonition"). Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language

When he returned to Tamegroute his master, Sheikh Ahmad, recognising his talent as a poet, supported the writing of his first work in Berber language, Al-Hawd ("The Reservoir": alluding to the basin where the Prophet will meet one day his community on Qiyamah, Last Judgement). Tamegroute (Tamgrout is a village in the south of Morocco in the valley of the Draa River. Nomenclature The term Berber has been used in Europe since at least the 17th century and is still used today In Islam, Yawm al-Qiyāmah "the Day of Resurrection" (يوم القيامة or Yawm ad-Din "the Day of Faith" (يوم الدين is God's final In Christian eschatology, the Last Judgment or Day of the Lord is the judgment by God of every human who ever lived This work, divided in two parts, represents a complete manual on islamic law following the malikite tradition, based on two classical texts, as-Sanusi (for the first part, 28 chapters, on Ibadat "ritual obligations") and Khalil (for the second, from chapter 29 to 54, on the mu'amalat "transactions"). Sharia ( Arabic: ar شريعة) is the body of Islamic Religious law. The Maliki Madhhab ( Arabic مالكي) is one of the four schools of Fiqh or religious law within Sunni Islam The Senussi or Sanussi refers to a Muslim political-religious order in Libya and Sudan founded in Mecca in 1837 by the Grand Senussi Sayyid The Arabic word ibadah (عبادة or ibada, usually translated "worship" is connected with related words literally meaning " Slavery " al-Malik al-Ashraf Salāh al-Dīn Khalil ibn Qalawūn ( الملك الأشرف صلاح الدين خليل بن قلاوون‎ (b

His following work, Bahr ad-Dumu' ("The Ocean of Tears"), an exhortation in verse and treatise on eschatology. Eschatology (from the Greek, Eschatos meaning "last" and -logy meaning "the study of" is a part of Theology This is probably the best know text by Al Awzal and a masterpiece of Berber literature. It can be found as a manuscript in the most important libraries and private collections. The text has been translated into French by B. H. Stricker and Arsène Roux and into English by N. Arsène Roux ( February 5, 1893 &mdash July 19, 1971) was a French Arabist and Berberologist van den Boogert.

Probably at the time of writing "The Ocean of Tears", 1714), the poet had already returned for a last time to his village of birth, where he worked as a teacher and a mufti until his death. This article is about an Islamic scholar Mufti can also refer to civilian dress. He left a daughter and a son, Ibrahim.

The dating of his last and shorter work in Berber is uncertain, An-Nasiha ("The Advice"), is an ode in praise of Sidi (Saint) Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Nasir, Awzal's spiritual guide and grand master of the Nasiriyya Sufi order (founded by his grandfather), probably inspired as a funeral eulogy by his death, around 1717. Sufism ( تصوّف - taṣawwuf, Persian: صوفی‌گری sufigari, Turkish: tasavvuf, Urdu: تصوف

Almost a third of all known Tashelhiyt manuscripts contain parts of his works, and the largest Berber text in existence is a commentary by al-Hasan al-Tamuddizti (d. Tashelhiyt (also Tashelhit or Tachelhit or Tachelhiyt or Shilha, native name tašlḥiyt, French: tachelhit 1899) on Awzal's al-Hawd.

Awzal, in his honor, is also the name of rhymed couplets and long poems that Ishilhin women chant daily or weekly, between the afternoon and sunset Islamic obligatory prayer times, in the tomb complexes of local holy figures. The Chleuh people (or Shleuh: the 'ch' is the French equivalent of the English 'sh' native name 'ašəlḥi' pl

See also

Hemmou Talb

References

• Awzal (Sidi Hêmmu u ttalb) interprété par Ali Chouhad One of these poems, also translated into French
• Boogert, Nico van den (1997). This list is about Writers from Morocco. For writers from Andalusia see after Z. Moroccan literature is a Literature written in (Moroccan Arabic, Berber or French, and of course particularly by people of Morocco Moroccan Arabic (also known as Darija, الدارجة) is the variety of Arabic spoken in the Arabic -speaking areas of Morocco Nomenclature The term Berber has been used in Europe since at least the 17th century and is still used today Literary theory in a strict sense is the systematic study of the nature of Literature and of the methods for analyzing literature Sidi Abderrahman el Majdoub (also transcribed as 'Mejdub' is a Moroccan poet Mohamed Choukri ( Arabic: محمد شكري; July 15, 1935 — November 15, 2003) was a Moroccan Author who is Tahar Ben Jelloun ( Arabic: طاهر بنجلون (born in Fes Morocco, December 1, 1944) is a Moroccan Poet and Mohamed Zafzaf (1942-2001 was a Moroccan Novelist and Poet from Kenitra writing in Classical Arabic. Edmond Amran El Maleh or El-Mareh (born 30 March, 1917) is one of the best known Moroccan writers Driss Chraïbi ( July 15, 1926, El Jadida &ndash April 1, 2007, Drôme, France) was a Moroccan Fatema or Fatima Mernissi (فاطمة مرنيسي is a Moroccan Feminist writer and Sociologist. Joannes Leo Africanus was the Latin name of Hasan ibn Muhammed al-Wazzan al-Fasi ( Granada 1488? &ndash 1554? Mohammed Khair-Eddine (محمد خيرالدين was amongst the most famous Moroccan literary figures of the 20th century Sidi Hemmou Talb is a Moroccan Poet from the 18th century writing in Berber ( Tashelhiyt) Berber Literary Tradition of the Sous — with an edition and translation of 'The Ocean of Tears' by Muḥammad Awzal (d. 1749). (De Goeje Fund, Vol. XXVII) Leiden: NINO.   ISBN 90-6258-971-5
• Jean-Dominique Luciani, El H'aoudh : Texte berbère (dialecte du Sous) par Meh'ammed ben Ali ben Brahim, publié avec une traduction française et des notes, Algers 1897
• Bruno H. Stricker, L'océan des pleurs : Poème berbère de Muhammad al-Awzali, Leiden 1960
• Stroomer, Two projects concerning Tashelhiyt Berber in Leiden Leiden contains one of the world's best Tashelhiyt and Awzal collections
• KANSAS AFRICAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER Kansas African Studies Center, University of Kansas, Vol. XI, No. 2, Fall 2004 (in PDF form) Contains “Islam, Love, and Politics in Southwestern Morocco: Ishilhin Women's Religious Ritual Chants,” article by Margaret Rausch (p. 4), citing 'awzal' chants.