The Msha’sha’iya (Arabic: المشعشعية, also transliterated as Musha'sha) were a Shi'a sect founded and led by Muhammad ibn Falah, an Iraqi-born theologian who believed himself to the earthly representative of Imam Ali and the Mahdi. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language In the Sociology of religion a sect is generally a smaller religious or political group that has broken off from a larger group for example from a Muhammad ibn Falah (b 1400 in Wasit, Iraq - d 1461 in Hoveizeh, Iran) was an Iraqi -born theologian For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. ‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib (a=علي بن أﺑﻲ طالب|t=ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib 13th Rajab, 24 BH – 21st Ramaḍān, 40 AH In Islamic eschatology the Mahdi ( ar مهدي, also Mehdi; "Guided One" is the prophesied redeemer of Islam who will stay on earth From the middle of the 15th century to the 19th century, they came to dominate much of western Khuzestan, a province in southwestern Iran. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Khūzestān (خوزستان is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics.
Beginning in 1436, ibn Falah spread his messianic beliefs amongst the less powerful Arab tribes along the area of the present-day border of Iraq and Iran, gaining converts in an attempt to forge a strong tribal alliance [1]. Proselytism is the practice of attempting to convert people to another opinion and particularly another religion The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding A tribe, viewed historically or developmentally consists of a Social group existing before the development of or outside of States Many anthropologists use In 1441 they succeeded in capturing the city of Hoveizeh in Khuzestan, and during the following ten years the Msha'sha'iya increased their strength and consolidated their power in the area around the city and the Tigris river. Hoveizeh (also Huzgan) is a city in the Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran near the border with Iraq. The Tigris is the eastern member of the two great Rivers that define Mesopotamia, along with the Euphrates, which flows from the mountains of southeastern These early military ambitions were fueled by Muhammad ibn Falah's zealous millenarian theology, which continued to significantly influence the later military campaigns of the Msha'sha'iya decades after his death. Millenarianism (sometimes spelled millenarism or millennarism) is the belief by a religious social or political group or movement in a coming major transformation
Successors of ibn Falah were in continual conflict with the Safavid rulers as well as with Iranian Arab tribes until overcome by the Safavids in 1508 [2]. The conflict with the Safavids was driven not only by politics and territorial domination, but also by theological differences and competition between two rival Shi'a schools of thought. According to Moojan Momen, both sects adhered to heterodox (ghuluww) Shi'a beliefs[3].
According to Shi'a eschatology, the Mahdi will appear at the end times to lead the forces of good, who will be based in Yemen, to struggle against the forces of evil, who will be based in Syria and Khorasan. Eschatology (from the Greek, Eschatos meaning "last" and -logy meaning "the study of" is a part of Theology In Islam, Yawm al-Qiyāmah "the Day of Resurrection" (يوم القيامة or Yawm ad-Din "the Day of Faith" (يوم الدين is God's final Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية The Msha'sha'iya believed that the end times were imminent and that they would need to defeat the Safavids and gain control of Iran in order to fulfill the prophecy heralded by ibn Falah.
The Msha'sha'iya gradually abandoned their eschatological beliefs and more closely adhered to mainstream Shi'a orthodoxy. Like other mystical Shi'a sects, they placed a great deal of importance upon poetry and art. Unreferenced sources indicate that their rule ended towards the 1800s with the rise to power of the Bani Kaab, which under the leadership of Sheikh Jabir al-Kaabi had become the dominant power in the western region of Iran. Year -of the Julian calendar. The Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar until Friday, but 12 days ahead since Saturday. The Banu Kaab (بنو كعب are an Arab which settled in western Khuzestan, a province in southwestern Iran, during the 16th century Sheikh Jabir al-Kaabi (178~ - 1881 (شيخ جابر الكعبي was the leader of the Bani Kaab Arab tribe and the Sheikh of Mohammerah However, Momen writes that by the 16th century they were already reduced to being simply the governors of Khuzestan[4].
References
Moojan Momen "An Introduction to Shi'i Islam", Yale Univ. Press, 1985 ISBN-0-300-03499-7 397pp
Notes
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