Mowbray (pronounced /ˈmobɹi/), the name of an Anglo-Norman baronial house, derived from Montbray (Manche) in Normandy south of St Lo. Normandy (Normandie Norman: Normaundie) is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. Saint-Lô is a town and commune of France, the Préfecture (capital of the Manche département, in The heraldic badge of the house was a mulberry tree. In Heraldry, a badge is an Emblem or Personal device used to indicate allegiance to or property of an individual or family

It was founded at the Conquest by Geoffrey de Montbray, bishop of Coutances. Geoffrey de Montbray (died 1093 Bishop of Coutances (Constantiensis a right-hand man of William the Conqueror, was a type of the great Feudal prelate His brother's son Robert de Mowbray, who rebelled with him against William Rufus on the Conqueror's death, was made, after their reconciliation, earl of Northumbria, as his uncle's heir but was forfeited and imprisoned for life on rebelling again in 1095. Robert de Mowbray (d 1125 a Norman, was Earl of Northumbria from 1086 until 1095 when he was deposed for rebelling against William Rufus, King William II (c 1056 &ndash 2 August 1100) the third son of William I of England (William the Conqueror was King of England from 1087 William I of England ( 1027 His reign which brought Norman culture to England had an enormous impact on the subsequent course of England in the Middle Ages Earl of Northumbria was a title in the Anglo-Danish, late Anglo-Saxon, and early Anglo-Norman period in England.

A sister of Bishop Geoffrey was mother by Roger d'Aubigny (of Aubigny in the Cotentin) of two sons, Nigel and William, who were ardent supporters of Henry I. The Cotentin Peninsula, also known as the Cherbourg Peninsula, is a Peninsula in Normandy, forming part of the north-western coast of France This article is not about Nigel de Albini of Cainhoe, also known as Nigel d'Aubigny Nigel d'Aubigny (d Henry I (c 1068/1069 – 1 December 1135) was the fourth son of William I the Conqueror, the first King of England after the Norman They were rewarded by him with great estates in England. William was made king's butler, and was father of William d'Aubigny (de Albini), first earl of Arundel; Nigel was rewarded with the escheated fief of Geoffrey de la Guerche, of which Melton (Mowbray) was the head, and with forfeited lands in Yorkshire. William d'Aubigny 1st Earl of Arundel (c 1109 &ndash September 25, 1176) was son of William d'Aubigny Pincerna (Master Butler of the Royal household Escheat is a Common law doctrine that operates to ensure that property is not left in limbo and ownerless Under the system of Feudalism, a fiefdom, fief, feud, feoff, or fee, often consisted of inheritable lands or revenue-producing Nigel married, by dispensation, the wife of his cousin, the imprisoned earl, but afterwards divorced her, and by another wife was father of a son Roger, who took the name of Mowbray.

Roger, a great lord with a hundred knight's fees, was captured with King Stephen at the battle of Lincoln, joined the rebellion against Henry II (1173), founded abbeys, and went on crusade. Stephen often referred to in history as Stephen of Blois (c 1096 &ndash 25 October, 1154) was the last Norman King of England His grandson William, a leader in the rising against King John, was one of the 25 barons of the Great Charter, as was his brother Roger, and was captured fighting against Henry III at the rout of Lincoln (1217). John (24 December 1167 &ndash 19 October 1216 reigned as a King of England from 6 April 1199 until his death Magna Carta ( Latin for Great Charter, literally " Great Paper " also called Magna Carta Libertatum ( Great Charter of Freedoms Henry III (1 October 1207 &ndash 16 November 1272 was the son and successor of John "Lackland" as King of England, reigning for fifty-six years from 1216 William's grandson Roger (1266-1298), who was summoned to parliament by Edward I, was father of John (1286-1322), a warrior and warden of the Scottish March, who, joining in Thomas of Lancaster's revolt, was captured at Boroughbridge and hanged. Edward I (17 June 1239 – 7 July 1307 popularly known as Longshanks, was a King of England who achieved historical fame by conquering large parts of Wales and almost Thomas Earl of Lancaster (c 1278 &ndash March 22 1322) was one of the leaders of the Baronial opposition to Edward II of England. Boroughbridge is a small town 13 miles northwest of York in North Yorkshire in England.

His wife, a Braose heiress, added Gower in South Wales and the Bramber lordship in Sussex to the great possessions of his house. South Wales (De Cymru is an area of Wales bordered by England and the Bristol Channel to the east and south and Mid Wales and West Wales Their son John de Mowbray, 3rd Baron Mowbray (d. John de Mowbray 3rd Baron Mowbray (1310-1361 was the son of John de Mowbray 2nd Baron Mowbray. 1361) was father, by Joan of Lancaster, a daughter of Henry, earl of Lancaster, of John, Lord Mowbray (c. Joan Plantagenet of Lancaster (c 1310 Norfolk England &ndash July 7, 1345) was the daughter of Henry 3rd Earl of Lancaster. Henry Plantagenet 3rd Earl of Lancaster (1281 &ndash March 25, 1345) was an English nobleman one of the principals behind the deposition of Edward 1328-1368), whose fortunate alliance with the heiress of John de Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave, by the heiress of Edward I's son Thomas, earl of Norfolk and marshal of England, crowned the fortunes of his race. Thomas of Brotherton 1st Earl of Norfolk ( June 1, 1300 &ndash August 4, 1338) was the son of Edward I of England and Marguerite In addition to a vast accession to their lands, the earldom of Nottingham and the marshalship of England were bestowed on them by Richard II, and the dukedom of Norfolk followed. Richard II (6 January 1367 &ndash ca 14 February 1400 was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399 Thomas de Mowbray 1st Duke of Norfolk (22 March 1366 &ndash 22 September 1399) was an English nobleman

The 1st duke left two sons, of whom Thomas the elder was only recognized as earl marshal. Beheaded for joining in Scrope's conspiracy against Henry IV (1405), he was succeeded by his brother John, who was restored to the dukedom of Norfolk in 1424. Henry Scrope 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham KG (c 1376 &ndash August 5, 1415) was a favourite of King Henry V of England. Henry IV (3 April 1367 &ndash 20 March 1413 was King of England and Lord of Ireland (1399&ndash1413 His son John, the third duke, was father of John, 4th and last duke, who was created earl of Warrenne and Surrey in his father's lifetime (1451). At his death (14l8) his vast inheritance devolved on his only child Anne, who was married as an infant to Edward IV's younger son Richard (created duke of Norfolk and earl of Nottingham and Warrenne), but died in 1481. Edward IV ( 28 April 1442 – 9 April 1483) was King of England from 4 March 1461 until 2 October

The next heirs of the Mowbrays were then the Howards and the Berkeleys, representing the two daughters of the first duke. Between them were divided the estates of the house, the Mowbray dukedom of Norfolk and earldom of Surrey being also revived for the Howards (1483), and the earldom of Nottingham (1483) and earl marshalship (1485) for the Berkeleys. Both families assumed the baronies of Mowbray and Segrave, but Henry Howard was summoned in his father's lifetime (1640) as Lord Mowbray, which was deemed a recognition of the Howards' right; their co-heirs, from 1777, were the Lords Stourton and the Lords Petre, and in 1878 Lord Stourton was summoned as Lord Mowbray and Segrave. Year 1777 ( MDCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The title of Baron Mowbray is a very old one in the Peerage of England, dating from 1283 The former dignity is claimed as the premier barony, though De Ros ranks before it. Lord Stourton's son claimed, but unsuccessfully, in 1901-1906 the earldom of Norfolk (1312), also through the Mowbrays. Of the Mowbray estates the castle and lordship of Bramber is still vested in the dukes of Norfolk.

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone