Citizendia
Your Ad Here

A movie studio (aka film studio) is a controlled environment for the making of a motion picture. This environment may be interior (sound stage), exterior (backlot), or both. A sound stage is a soundproof Hangar -like structure building or room used for the production of theatrical motion pictures and Television shows A backlot is an area behind or adjoining a Movie studio with space to build or with permanent exterior sets for outdoor scenes in motion picture and/or In general parlance, the term is synonymous with "major film production company," due largely to the fact that the leading production companies of Hollywood's "Golden Age"—stretching from the late 1920s to the late 1940s—owned their own studio facilities, as do a few today. Production company refers to a company responsible for the development and physical production of Performing arts, Film, Radio or a Television program United States cinema has had a profound effect on cinema across the world since the early 20th century However, worldwide (and even in the United States) the majority of production companies have never owned their own studios, but have had to rent space at independently owned facilities that, in many cases, never produce a film of their own.

Contents

Beginnings

In 1893, Thomas Edison built the first movie studio in the United States when he constructed the Black Maria, a tarpaper-covered structure near his laboratories in West Orange, New Jersey, and asked circus, vaudeville, and dramatic actors to perform for the camera. Year 1893 ( MDCCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Black Maria (pronounced ma-RYE-uh was Thomas Edison 's movie production studio in West Orange New Jersey. West Orange is a township in central Essex County, New Jersey, United States. New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. He distributed these movies at vaudeville theaters, penny arcades, wax museums, and fairgrounds. Other studio operations followed in New Jersey, New York City, and Chicago.

In the early 1900s, companies started moving to Los Angeles, California, because of the good weather and longer days. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Although electric lights were by then widely available, none were yet powerful enough to adequately expose film; the best source of illumination for motion picture production was natural sunlight. " Electric Light " is a song by Infernal, scheduled to be their next single after " Whenever You Need Me " off their album Electric Some movies were shot on the roofs of buildings in downtown Los Angeles. Downtown Los Angeles is the Central business district of Los Angeles, California, United States, located close to the geographic center Early movie producers also relocated to Southern California to escape Edison's Motion Picture Patents Company, which controlled almost all the patents relevant to movie production at the time. Southern California, or So Cal, is defined as the southern portion of the U The Motion Picture Patents Company (MPPC also known as the Edison Trust) founded in December 1908 was a trust of all the major film companies ( Edison A patent is a set of Exclusive rights granted by a State to an inventor or his assignee for a fixed period of time in exchange for a disclosure of an The distance from New Jersey made it more difficult for Edison to enforce his patents.

The first movie studio in the Hollywood area was Nestor Studios, opened in 1911 by Al Christie for David Horsley. The Nestor Motion Picture Company of Bayonne New Jersey, owned by David Horsley and his brother William, opened the first motion picture studio Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Al Christie, ( October 23, 1881 &ndash April 14, 1951) was a Canadian -born motion picture David Horsley ( March 11, 1873 – February 23, 1933) was English born pioneer of the movie industry who built the first Movie In the same year, another fifteen independents settled in Hollywood. An independent film, or indie film, is a film that is produced outside of the Hollywood Studio system, a series of oligopolistic practices by several Other production companies eventually settled in the Los Angeles area in places such as Culver City, Burbank, and what would soon become known as Studio City in the San Fernando Valley. Culver City is a city in western Los Angeles County California. Burbank is a city in Los Angeles County California, United States. Studio City is a four-square-mile district in the San Fernando Valley region of the City of Los Angeles, California, United States. The San Fernando Valley or The Valley is an urbanized Valley located in the north-western section of the city of Los Angeles California, United States

The "majors"

For more details on this topic, see Major film studio. A major film studio is a movie production and distribution company that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant

The Big 5
By the mid-1920s, the evolution of a handful of American production companies into wealthy film industry conglomerates that owned their own studios, distribution divisions, and theaters, and contracted with performers and other filmmaking personnel, led to the sometimes confusing equation of "studio" with "production company" in industry slang. A film distributor is an independent company a Subsidiary company or occasionally an individual which acts as the final agent between a film production company Cinemaaustraliajpg|thumb|A movie theater in Australia ]]A movie theater, movie theatre, picture theatre or cinema is a venue Five large companies, 20th Century-Fox, MGM, Paramount, RKO, and Warner Bros., came to be known as the "Big Five," the "majors," or "the Studios" in trade publications such as Variety, and their management structures and practices collectively came to be known as the "studio system. Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture production and Distribution company, based in Hollywood California. Warner Bros Entertainment Inc (or Warner Bros, Warner Bros Pictures) is one of the world's largest producers of Film and Variety is a weekly entertainment trade newspaper founded in New York in 1905 by Sime Silverman The studio system was a means of film production and distribution dominant in Hollywood from the early 1920s through the early 1950s "

The Little 3
Although they owned few or no theaters to guarantee sales of their films, Universal Pictures, Columbia Pictures, and United Artists also fell under these rubrics, making a total of eight generally recognized "major studios". Universal Studios (sometimes called Universal Pictures or Universal City Studios) a subsidiary of NBC Universal, is a major Global American }} Columbia Pictures Industries Inc is an American Film production and distribution company This article is about the film studio Previously it was affiliated with a cinema chain bearing its name now owned by Regal Entertainment Group. United Artists, although its controlling partners owned not one but two production studios during the Golden Age, had an often tenuous hold on the title of "major" and operated mainly as a backer and distributor of independently produced films.

The minors

Smaller studios operated simultaneously with "the majors. " These included operations such as Republic Pictures, active from 1935, which produced films that occasionally matched the scale and ambition of the larger studio, and Monogram Pictures, which specialized in series and genre releases. Republic Pictures (also known as Republic Entertainment Inc) is an independent film television and video distribution company that was originally a movie production-distribution Monogram Pictures Corporation was a Hollywood studio that produced and released films most on low budgets between 1931 and Together with smaller outfits such as PRC and Grand National, the minor studios filled the demand for B-movies and are sometimes collectively referred to as Poverty Row. Producers Releasing Corporation was one of the more humble Hollywood Film studios on Poverty Row in the late 1930s-mid-1940s A B movie is a motion picture made on a low or modest budget Originally the term was used for films intended for distribution as the less-publicized second half of a Double Poverty Row is a slang term used in Hollywood from the late silent period through the mid-fifties to refer to a variety of small and mostly short-lived B movie

The independents

The Big Five's ownership of movie theaters was eventually opposed by eight independent producers, including Samuel Goldwyn, David O. Selznick, Walt Disney, and Walter Wanger. Samuel Goldwyn ( ca. July 1879 &ndash 31 January 1974) was an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award -winning producer David O Selznick, born David Selznick ( May 10, 1902 &ndash June 22, 1965) was one of the iconic Hollywood producers Walter Elias Disney (December 5 1901 – December 15 1966 was a multiple Academy Award -winning American Film producer, director, Screenwriter Walter Wanger ( July 11, 1894 – November 18, 1968) was an Academy Award -winning American Film producer In 1948 the federal government won a case against Paramount in the Supreme Court, which ruled that the vertically integrated structure of the movie industry constituted an illegal monopoly. United States v Paramount Pictures, Inc, 334 US 131 ( 1948) (also known as the Hollywood Antitrust Case of 1948, the Paramount The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. In Microeconomics and Management, the term vertical integration describes a style of Management control. In Economics, a monopoly (from Greek monos, alone or single + polein, to sell exists when a specific individual or enterprise has sufficient This decision, reached after twelve years of litigation, hastened the end of the studio system and Hollywood's "Golden Age".

Film to television

Midway through the 1950s, with television proving to be a profitable enterprise not destined to disappear any time soon -- as many in the film industry had once hoped -- movie studios were increasingly being used to produce programming for the burgeoning medium. Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic Some midsized film companies, such as Republic Pictures, eventually sold their studios to TV production concerns. Republic Pictures (also known as Republic Entertainment Inc) is an independent film television and video distribution company that was originally a movie production-distribution Production company refers to a company responsible for the development and physical production of Performing arts, Film, Radio or a Television program

Today

With the breakup of domination by "the Studios" and the continued incursion of television into the cinematic audience, the major production companies gradually transformed into management structures that simply put together artistic teams on a project-by-project basis and made what studio spaces they retained available for rental, which remains the norm today.

Temperature Control

It is common for some of the larger studios to be cold and drafty. The cooler temperatures compensated for the heat that was generated by the abundance of lighting equipment. In modern times, the newer lighting systems generate far less heat. As many studio's are moving into the high definition era, an even larger abundance of lighting is required. A lack of lighting causing a shadow (visible on the HD telecast) would look like a bruise on the cast member or talent. Some of the more modern studios are equipping themselves with the ability to heat that studio space, and making it more comfortable for occupants to explore said studio space.

Notable movie studios

See also

Mosfilm ( Russian: Мосфильм məs'fʲɨlʲm is a Film studio, which is often described as the largest and oldest in Russia and in Mutual Film Corporation was an early American Motion picture conglomerate best remembered today as the producers of some of Charlie Chaplin 's greatest comedies The Nestor Motion Picture Company of Bayonne New Jersey, owned by David Horsley and his brother William, opened the first motion picture studio Nordisk Film (USA affiliate Great Northern Film Company) established in Denmark in 1906 by Danish filmmaker Ole Olsen, is the oldest continuously This article deals with the Pathé movie company For their music business see Pathé Records. Pinewood Studios is a major British Film studio situated in Iver Heath, Buckinghamshire. Premium Picture Productions is a former Movie studio located in Beaverton Oregon which was active in the early 1920s. Ramoji Film City ( RFC) is the world’s largest integrated film studio complex at over of land. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Selig Polyscope Company was an American Motion picture company founded in 1896 by William Selig in Chicago Illinois. Solax Studios was an American motion picture studio founded in 1910 by executives from the Gaumont Film Company of France. Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc ( SPE) is the television and Film production/distribution unit of Japanese Media conglomerate Sony Soyuzmultfilm ( Coюзмультфильм, translated as Union Animation) is a Russian animation studio based in Moscow. Sverdlovsk Film Studio (Свердловская Киностудия is a Russian (former Soviet) film studio based in Yekaterinburg (formerly The Thanhouser Company (later the Thanhouser Film Corporation) was a motion picture studio founded in 1909 by Edwin Thanhouser (November 11 1865 - March 21 1956 is a large Japanese Independent film Studio. It is headquartered in Chiyoda Tokyo, and is one of the core companies of the Hankyu Hanshin Toho Group Touchstone Pictures is one of several alternate Film labels of The Walt Disney Company, established in 1984 Triangle Film Corporation (aka Triangle Motion Picture Company) was a major American motion-picture studio founded in the summer of 1915 in Culver City Universal Studios (sometimes called Universal Pictures or Universal City Studios) a subsidiary of NBC Universal, is a major Global American In 1912 the Victor Film Company was formed by movie star Florence Lawrence and her husband Harry Solter. American Vitagraph was a United States Movie studio, founded by J Walt Disney Pictures refers to several different entities associated with The Walt Disney Company: Walt Disney Pictures, the film banner was established Warner Bros Entertainment Inc (or Warner Bros, Warner Bros Pictures) is one of the world's largest producers of Film and Village Roadshow Limited is an Australian media company with interests in cinema, Theme parks film production and distribution Production company refers to a company responsible for the development and physical production of Performing arts, Film, Radio or a Television program A major film studio is a movie production and distribution company that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant A film producer is a person who creates the conditions for making movies. A film release is the stage at which a completed Film is legally authorized by its owner for public distribution. The history of film spans over a hundred years from the latter part of the 19th century to the beginning of the 21st century. Here is a list of cities that have Film studios or significant film industries Europe Berlin, Germany Buftea, Romania
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic