In horology, a movement refers to an assembly consisting of the principal elements and mechanisms of a watch or clock. Horology (from Greek ώρα, "hour time" and λόγος Logos, "study speech" lit

Contents 1 Mechanical clockwork movements 2 Mechanical watch movements 3 Clock movements 4 See also 5 References 6 External links

Mechanical clockwork movements

A clockwork movement contains all the main parts of a watch or clock. A watch is a timepiece that is made to be worn on a person The term now usually refers to a wristwatch, which is worn on the wrist with a strap or Bracelet. Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput, or Clock is a gene which encodes proteins regulating Circadian rhythm. The essential parts are: ^[1]

• The watch motor: formed of the mainspring coiled inside the barrel, the ratchet-wheel and the transmission-wheel
• The clockwork movement train: consisting of wheels riveted to their pinions: centre-wheel, third wheel, fourth wheel. For the 2007 novel by Jay Lake see Mainspring (novel. A mainspring is a spiral spring of metal ribbon that is the power source in Mechanical Used in Mechanical watches and Clocks a barrel is a cylindrical metal box closed by a cover with a ring of gear teeth around it containing a spiral spring called In Mechanical engineering, a ratchet is a device that allows linear or rotary motion in only one direction while preventing motion in the opposite direction In Machinery, a face wheel, lap, or crown wheel ( transmission wheel) is a Wheel whose disk face is adapted for Grinding A pinion is usually the smallest Gear in a gear drive train The train transmits the driving-power to:
• The escapement: a mechanism that maintains the oscillations of the regulating organ, consisting of a balance wheel and the pallet fork. Oscillation is the repetitive variation typically in Time, of some measure about a central value (often a point of Equilibrium) or between two or more different states The balance wheel is the timekeeping device used in Mechanical watches and some Clocks analogous to the Pendulum in a Pendulum clock. The pallet fork or pallet lever is an integral component of the Lever escapement of a typical Mechanical watch.
• The regulating organ: the balance with its spring is fixed to the staff. A spring is a flexible elastic object used to store mechanical Energy. This device is a mechanical oscillator. It receives from the escapement the impulses required to make it run for 24 hours, with a safety-margin of normally 10-12 hours, and by so-called 8-Day movements, for at least 192 hours.

A movement can also refer to the regulating parts of apparatus such as mechanical or electrical counters, switching-devices, bells and small portable appliances whose functions are dependent on the division of time. In Digital logic and Computing, a counter is a device which stores (and sometimes displays the number of times a particular event or process A switch is a mechanical device used to connect and disconnect an electric Circuit at will

Mechanical watch movements

A mechanical watch movement comprises the following parts: ^[2]

• Winding-mechanism: mechanism that winds the mainspring
• Setting-mechanism: usually connected to the winding-mechanism by common parts for altering the position of the hands of a watch. A mechanical watch is a Watch that uses a non-electric mechanism to measure the passage of time Originally, the hands had to be pushed directly by hand to set the watch to the right time; later, a key was used to shift them.

And by the Indicating Organs:

• Dial: indicating "face" of the watch, a plate of metal or other material, bearing various markings to show at least the hours, minutes and seconds. The hour (symbol h) is a unit of Time. It is not an SI unit but is accepted for use with the SI A minute is a Unit of measurement of Time or of Angle. The minute is a unit of Time equal to 1/60th of an Hour or 60 The second ( SI symbol s) sometimes abbreviated sec, is the name of a unit of Time, and is the International System of Units Dials vary greatly in shape, decoration and material. The indications are given by means of numerals, divisions or symbols of various types, printed, raised, applied and/or combined with other skills like "cloisonné" enamel, diamond-set or "pavé" decoration. Cloisonné, an ancient Metalworking technique is a multi-step enamel process used to produce Jewelry, Vases and other decorative items In a discussion of Material science, enamel (or vitreous enamel or porcelain enamel in U In Mineralogy, diamond is the allotrope of carbon where the carbon atoms are arranged in
• Hands: Indicator, usually made of a thin, light piece of metal, variable in form, which moves over a graduated dial or scale. Usually for each indication of time one specific hand is needed. The earliest watches had only an hour hand. The English horologist Daniel Quare is believed to have introduced the minute hand about 1691, though it did not come into general use until the early 18th Century. The earliest hands were strong and heavy, there still being no glass to protect the dial. In the late 18th Century, they became more slender and more elegant; they were made by hand, with the file and graver and the holes were cut out in the turns with a bow and ferrule. About 1764, they were first cut out of a strip of metal by means of a punch and hammer. Later on, about 1830, they were stamped out in the fly-press. They were often adorned with precious stones. A gemstone or gem, also called a precious or semi-precious stone, is a piece of attractive Mineral, which &mdash when cut and polished &mdash In watches of the finest quality, the Breguet hand, then the Louis XV and Louis XVI hands were made of delicately chased gold. Breguet is a manufacturer of luxury watches founded by Abraham Louis Breguet in Paris in 1775 Louis XV (15 February 1710 &ndash 10 May 1774 ruled as King of France and of Navarre from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774 Louis XVI ( 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) Louis-Auguste de France, ruled as King of France and Navarre Modern hands are turned out in a great variety of styles, qualities and colours. High-grade hands are made of solid gold or tempered steel and have a polished pipe or head. Brass is otherwise generally used for makings hand, protected & decorated either by a thin galvanized layer of gold or rhodium or some kind of lacquer. In a general sense lacquer is a clear or coloured Varnish, that dries by solvent evaporation and often a curing process as well that produces a hard durable finish in any There are many various types and shapes of hands adapted to the use as well as to the required aesthetic of the watch, e. g. for perfect readability Webb C. Ball prescribed strong heavy hands in his standards for Railroad chronometers, without prescribing the looks. Webster Clay Ball ( October 6, 1847 &ndash1922 was a jeweller and watchmaker born in Fredericktown Ohio. Railroad Chronometers (railroader's watches) are specialized Timepieces that once were crucial for safe and correct operation of Trains in the

• Motion work (U. S. A. : dial-train): a train fitted under the dial, for transmitting the rotation of the minute-pinion to the hour hand.

And finally:

• The bottom plate and bars support all the above mentioned parts.

Watch movements come in various shapes, such as round, tonneau, rectangular, rectangular with cut corners, oval and baguette, and are measured in "lignes", or in millimeters. For the French river of the same name see River Ligne. The ligne (from the French word meaning " Line " The Millimetre ( American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to Each specific watch movement is called a caliber. The term caliber or calibre designates the interior Diameter of a tube or the exterior diameter of a wire or rod The movement parts are separated into two main categories: those belonging to the ébauches and those belonging to the assortments. Ébauche is a French term meaning "outline" or "blank" also referred to in English as movement-blank referring to the basic parts of a watch movement. Ébauche is a French term meaning "outline" or "blank" also referred to in English as movement-blank referring to the basic parts of a watch movement. ^[3]

Antique mechanical watch movements typically include pillar-plates, and fusée and verge escapements. Claude-Henri de Fusée abbé de Voisenon ( July 8, 1708 - November 22, 1775) was a French Dramatist and writer

Clock movements

Longcase clock movements often use an engine in the form of a spring or a weight. A longcase clock, also tall-case clock, grandfather clock or floor clock, is a freestanding weight-driven Pendulum clock with the An engine is a mechanical device that produces some form of output from a given input The oscillator is usually a pendulum. Oscillation is the repetitive variation typically in Time, of some measure about a central value (often a point of Equilibrium) or between two or more different states A pendulum is a mass that is attached to a pivot from which it can swing freely Small mechanical or electrical wall- and table-clocks are made with an oscillator in the form of a sprung balance, as used in a watch. ^[4]

See also

• Clockwork
• ETA SA

References

1. ^ http://www.fhs.ch/en/glossary.php Federation of the Swiss Watch Industry: Glossary
2. ^ http://www.fhs.ch/en/glossary.php Federation of the Swiss Watch Industry: Glossary
3. ^ http://www.fhs.ch/en/glossary.php Federation of the Swiss Watch Industry: Glossary
4. ^ http://www.fhs.ch/en/glossary.php Federation of the Swiss Watch Industry: Glossary

External links

• Federation of the Swiss Watch Industry: Glossary
• Easy Guide to Watch Movements

A clockwork is the inner workings of either a mechanical Clock or a device that operates in a similar fashion ETA SA is a Swiss producer of mechanical and quartz watch movements

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