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Mount Rainier National Park
IUCN Category II (National Park)
Mount Rainier National Park
LocationPierce County and Lewis County, Washington, USA
Nearest cityTacoma
Coordinates46°51′10″N 121°45′37″W / 46.85278, -121.76028
Area235,625 acres (953. A national park is a reserve of land usually declared and owned by a national Government, protected from most Human development and pollution Pierce County is the second most populous county in the US state of Washington. Lewis County is a County located in the US state of Washington. Washington ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the 5 km²)
EstablishedMarch 2, 1899
Visitors1,113,601 (in 2006)
Governing bodyNational Park Service

Mount Rainier National Park is a United States National Park located in southeast Pierce County and northeast Lewis County in Washington state. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good Year 1899 ( MDCCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The National Park Service ( NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation The National Park Service ( NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation Pierce County is the second most populous county in the US state of Washington. Lewis County is a County located in the US state of Washington. Washington ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. [1] It was established on March 2, 1899, the fifth national park in the United States. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good Year 1899 ( MDCCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The park contains 368 square miles (953 km²) including all of Mount Rainier, a 14,411-foot (4,392 m) stratovolcano. Mount Rainier is an active Stratovolcano (also known as a composite volcano in Pierce County Washington, located southeast of Seattle, Washington A stratovolcano, also called a composite volcano is a tall conical Volcano composed of many layers of hardened Lava, Tephra, and Volcanic The mountain rises abruptly from the surrounding land with elevations in the park ranging from 1,600 feet (490 m) to over 14,000 feet (4,300 m). The highest point in the Cascade Range, around it are valleys, waterfalls, subalpine wildflower meadows, old growth forest and more than 26 glaciers. "Glacial" and "Glaciation" redirect here For the geological periods see Glacial period. The volcano is often shrouded in clouds that dump enormous amounts of rain and snow on the peak every year and hide it from the crowds that head to the park on weekends.

Mount Rainier is circled by the Wonderland Trail and is covered by several glaciers and snowfields totaling some 35 square miles (91 km²). Carbon Glacier is the largest glacier by volume in the continental United States, while Emmons Glacier is the largest glacier by area. Carbon Glacier is located on the north slope of Mount Rainier in the U The term continental United States refers to the 48 contiguous states located on the North American continent south of the border with Canada plus the District Emmons Glacier is a Glacier on the northeast flank of Mount Rainier, in Washington. About 1. 3 million people visit Mount Rainier National Park each year. Mount Rainier is a popular peak for mountain climbing with some 10,000 attempts per year with approximately 25% making it to the summit. “Alpinist” redirects here See also Alpinist (magazine Mountaineering is the Sport, Hobby or Profession of

The park contains outstanding examples of old growth forests and subalpine meadows. Ancient Woodland Old growth forest, (also termed primary forest, ancient forest, virgin forest, primeval forest, frontier The term subalpine refers to the biotic zone immediately below Tree line around the world A meadow is a field vegetated primarily by Grass and other non- Woody plants.

Contents

History

Ninety-seven percent of the park is preserved as wilderness under the National Wilderness Preservation System, including Clearwater Wilderness, a designation it received in 1988. Wilderness is generally defined as a Natural environment on Earth that has not been significantly modified by Human activity The US National Wilderness Preservation System protects federally managed land areas that are of a pristine condition Clearwater Wilderness, a small wilderness created by Congress in the 1984 under the 1964 Wilderness Act establishing the National Wilderness Preservation System It is abutted by the Tatoosh Wilderness. Located in Washington State the of Tatoosh Wilderness is managed by the U The park was designated a National Historic Landmark on February 18, 1997 as a showcase for the National Park Service Rustic style architecture (or parkitecture) of the 1920s and 1930s, exemplified by the Paradise Inn and a masterpiece of early NPS master planning. A National Historic Landmark (NHL is a Building, site, Structure, Object, or District, that is officially recognized by the Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar National Park Service Rustic, also colloquially known as Parkitecture, is a style of architecture that arose in the United States National Park System to create buildings that See also Paradise Washington Paradise Inn is a historic hotel built in 1916 at 5400 feet (1645 m on the south slope of Mount Rainier in Mount As an Historic Landmark district, the park was administratively listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP is the United States government's official list of districts sites buildings structures and objects deemed worthy of

Native Americans

The earliest evidence of human activity in the area which is now Mount Rainier National Park is a projectile point dated to circa 4,000-5,800 BP (before present) found along Bench Lake Trail (the first section of Snow Lake Trail). Before Present (BP years are a time scale used in Archaeology, Geology, and other scientific disciplines to specify when events in the past occurred [2][3]

A more substantial archeological find was a rock shelter near Fryingpan Creek, east of Goat Island Mountain. Hunting artifacts were found in the shelter. The shelter would not have been used all year round. Cultural affinities suggest the site was used by Columbia Plateau Tribes from 300 to 1,000 BP. The Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation is a federally recognized confederation of three Sahaptin -speaking Native American tribes who traditionally [2][3]

In 1963 the National Park Service contracted the Washington State University to study Native American use of the Mount Rainier area. Washington State University ( WSU) is an American public Research university in Pullman, Washington. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States Richard D. Daugherty lead an archeological study of the area and concluded that prehistoric humans used the area most heavily between 4,500 and 8,000 BP. Allan H. Smith interviewed elderly Native Americans and studied ethnographic literature. He found no evidence of permanent habilitation in the park area. The park was used for hunting and gathering and for occasional spirit quests. A hunter-gatherer society is one whose primary subsistence method involves the direct procurement of edible plants and animals from the wild Foraging and Hunting A vision quest is a Rite of passage in some Native American cultures. Smith also came to tentative concussions that the park was divided among five tribes along watershed boundaries; the Nisqually, Puyallup, Muckleshoot, Yakama, and Taidnapam (Upper Cowlitz). For other uses see Nisqually. Nisqually is a Native American tribe in western Washington state in the United The Puyallup are a Native American tribe from western Washington state U The Muckleshoot are a Native American tribe descended from the Coast Salish people of the Pacific Northwest The Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation, or simply Yakama Nation (formerly Yakima) is a Native American group with nearly 10000 enrolled The Cowlitz are a group of Native American peoples from what is now western Washington state in the United States. Subsequent studies cast doubt on Smith theory that the tribes had agreed upon boundaries before they entered into treaties with the United States in 1854-55. [2]

Major attractions

Christine Falls, one of many waterfalls visible from a short walk from the main road.
Christine Falls, one of many waterfalls visible from a short walk from the main road.

Paradise

Main article: Paradise, Washington

Paradise (46.79° N 121.74° W[4])is the name of an area at approximately 5,400 feet (1,600 m) on the south slope of Mount Rainier in the national park. Paradise Inn (Washington Paradise is the name of an area at approximately on the south slope of Mount Rainier in Mount Rainier National Park in Washington Paradise is the most popular destination for visitors to Mount Rainier National Park. [5] 62% of the over 1. 3 million people who visited the park in 2000 went to Paradise. [6] Paradise is the location of the historic Paradise Inn (built 1916),[7] Paradise Guide House (built 1920) and Henry M. Jackson Visitor Center (built 1966). See also Paradise Washington Paradise Inn is a historic hotel built in 1916 at 5400 feet (1645 m on the south slope of Mount Rainier in Mount The Henry M Jackson Visitor Center is a day-use facility located in the Paradise area of Mount Rainier National Park. [8]

The National Park Service says that "Paradise is the snowiest place on Earth where snowfall is measured regularly. The National Park Service ( NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation "[9] 1,122 inches (93. 5 ft, 28. 5 m) of snow fell during the winter of 1971-1972, setting a world record for that year. [9][10] It also holds the Cascade Range record for most snow on the ground with 367 inches (932 cm) on March 10, 1956. Events 241 BC - First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates Islands - The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [11]

Longmire

Main article: Longmire
National Park Service 1928 Administration Building at Longmire
National Park Service 1928 Administration Building at Longmire

Longmire (46.75° N 121.81° W) is a visitor center in Mount Rainier National Park, located 6. Longmire, which includes the Longmire Buildings, is a Visitor center in Mount Rainier National Park, located east of the Nisqually Entrance A visitor center, centre (see Spelling differences) or visitor information centre may be A visitor center at a specific attraction 5 miles (10. 5 km) east of the Nisqually Entrance. The area is in the Nisqually River valley at an elevation of 2,761 feet (842 m)[12] between The Ramparts Ridge and the Tatoosh Range. The Nisqually River (nɪskwɑːli is a river in west central Washington in the United States, approximately 81 mi (130 km long Longmire is surrounded by old-growth Douglas fir, western red cedar and western hemlock. Douglas-fir is the common name applied to coniferous Trees of the Genus Pseudotsuga in the family Pinaceae. Western redcedar ( Thuja plicata) is a species of Thuja, an Evergreen coniferous Tree in the cypress family Tsuga heterophylla ( Western Hemlock) is a species of hemlock native to the west coast of North America, with its northwestern limit on the

Longmire is the location of Mount Rainier's National Park Inn, the Longmire Museum, and the 1928 National Park Service Administration Building, which is now a Wilderness Information Center. The National Park Inn is the only accommodation in the park open all year round. [13]

Longmire is the second most popular destination for visitors to Mount Rainier National Park after Paradise. Of the more than 1. 3 million people who visited the park in 2000, 38% visited Longmire. [6] The Cougar Rock Campgound is about 2 miles (3 km) north west of Longmire. Description The term "camp" comes from the Latin word campus, meaning field [1] Longmire is one of the starting points of the Wonderland Trail.

Sunrise

Subalpine meadows at Sunrise
Subalpine meadows at Sunrise

Sunrise (46.91° N 121.64° W) is a lodge and visitor center located in the northeastern part of Mount Rainier National Park in Pierce County, Washington, United States. A visitor center, centre (see Spelling differences) or visitor information centre may be A visitor center at a specific attraction Pierce County is the second most populous county in the US state of Washington. Washington ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the At an elevation of 6,400 feet (1,950 m), it is the highest point in the park that is accessible by vehicle. There are miles of trails located all around Sunrise, such as Mount Fremont and Sourdough Ridge. The Sourdough Mountains is a Mountain range on the north side of Mount Rainier National Park, Washington, USA. The lodge is reachable via a 10 mile (16 km) turnoff from SR 410 near the White River entrance. State Route 410, formerly US Route 410, is a 10753 mile (17305 km highway in southwestern Washington, USA. The White River is a River in the US state of Washington. It flows about 75 miles (121 km from its source the Emmons Glacier on Mount

Flooding in November 2006

Mount Rainier National Park closed due to extensive flooding as a result of the November 6, 2006 Pineapple Express rainstorm when 18 inches (460 mm) of rain fell in a 36 hour period. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Pineapple Express (also known as Pineapple Connection) is a non-technical shorthand term popular in the news media for a meteorological phenomenon which is characterized by Campsites and roads throughout the park were washed away. Power to Paradise and Longmire was disrupted. [14] On May 5, 2007, the park reopened to automobile traffic via State Route 706 at the Nisqually Entrance. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. State Route 706, also known as the Road to Paradise, is a numbered State highway in the State of Washington, U [15]

References

  1. ^ a b Stanley Maps. Mt. Rainier National Park [map], Centennial edition, 1 : 30,000. Cartography by Charles B. Kitterman / Kulshan Cartographic Services. (2000) ISBN 0-9662209-4-3.
  2. ^ a b c Part One: The Cultural Setting. I. Historical Overview Of Indians And Mount Rainier. Mount Rainier Administrative History. National Park Service (24 July 2000). The National Park Service ( NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation Events 1132 - Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-06-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
  3. ^ a b Burtchard, Greg C. ; with contributions by Stephen C. Hamilton and Richard H. McClure, Jr. (originally published February 1998, last updated 17 November 2004. Events 284 - Diocletian is proclaimed emperor by his soldiers ). [http://www.nps.gov/archive/mora/ncrd/archaeology/chap4b.htm Chapter 4: The 1995 Mount Rainier Archeological Reconnaissance]. Environment, Prehistory & Archaeology of Mount Rainier National Park, Washington. National Park Service, Seattle, Washington; International Archaeological Research Institute, Inc. . Retrieved on 2007-06-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
  4. ^ United States Geological Survey. The United States Geological Survey ( USGS) is a scientific agency of the United States government. Mount Rainier East, Washington [map], 1 : 24,000, 7,5 Minute Series (Topographic). (1971) ISBN 060701198X. Coordinate measured using National Geographic TOPO! Software Version 3. 4. 3.
  5. ^ Pitcher, Don (June 12, 2002). Events 1381 - Peasants' Revolt: in England, rebels arrive at Blackheath. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Moon Handbooks Washington, 7th edition, Moon Handbooks, Avalon Travel Publishing, pp. 615-616. ISBN 1566913861.  
  6. ^ a b Mount Rainier National Park Visitor Study Brochure (PDF). Visitor Services Project. National Park Service (March 31, 2003). Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-05-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus.
  7. ^ Barnes, Christine; Pfulghoft, Fred (Photographer); Morris, David (Photographer) (April 2002). Great Lodges of the National Parks: The Companion Book to the PBS Television Series. W W West, pp. 48 – 57. ISBN 0-9653924-5-7.  
  8. ^ Mt. Rainier National Park Centennial Timeline 1960s. Mount Rainier National Park Centennial Celebration. National Park Service (1999). Retrieved on 2007-05-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus.  “1966: The Paradise Visitor Center (in 1987 dedicated as the Henry M. Jackson Visitor Center), is opened to the public in September. ”
  9. ^ a b Mount Rainier National Park - Frequently Asked Questions (U.S. National Park Service). National Park Service (created August 4, 2005 modified January 19, 2007). Events 70 - The Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2007-05-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus.
  10. ^ Annual Snowfall at Paradise 1920 to 2002 (PDF). National Park Service (January 12, 2007). Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2007-05-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus.
  11. ^ Andalkar, Amar (created December 2002, last updated April 2006). Skiing the Cascade Volcanoes. Amar Andalkar's Ski Mountaineering and Climbing Site. Retrieved on 2007-05-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following
  12. ^ Filley, Bette (2002). Discovering the Wonders of the Wonderland Trail: Encircling Mount Rainier (5th edition). Dunamis House, p. 37. ISBN 1-880405-09-1.  
  13. ^ Scott, Kay W. ; Scott, David L. (February 2002). The Complete Guide to the National Park Lodges, 3rd. Globe Pequot, pp. 193 ¬ 194. ISBN 0-7627-1197-3.  
  14. ^ November 2006 Flooding. Mount Rainier National Park. Retrieved on 2007-05-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following
  15. ^ Carlton Harrell, Debera. "Battered Mt. Rainier to reopen", Seattle Post-Intelligencer, May 5, 2007. The Seattle Post-Intelligencer (popularly known as "the P-I" is one of two daily Newspapers in Seattle Washington, United States. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2007-05-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus.  

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