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Kazdağı, Turkey

Location of Kaz Daği on a map of the ancient Troad
Elevation 5820 ft (1774 m)
Location Balıkesir Province, Northwest Turkey
Prominence At Karataş peak (ancient Gargarus)
Coordinates 39°42′N, 26°50′E

Mount Ida, Turkish Kazdağı (pronounced [kɑzdɑɰɯ], with a meaning of "Goose Mountain"[1]), Kaz Dağları, or Karataş Tepesi, is a mountain in northwestern Turkey, southeast of the ruins of Troy, along the north coast of the Gulf of Edremit. Troas or The Troad is the historical name of the Biga peninsula ( modern Turkish: Biga Yarımadası) in the northwestern part of Anatolia In topography a summit is a point on a surface which is higher in Elevation than all points immediately adjacent to Balıkesir is a province in midwestern Turkey, having coastlines on both the Sea of Marmara and the Aegean. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches This article is about ruins in Architecture; for other meanings see Ruins (disambiguation. Troy ( Greek: grc Τροία Troia, also, Ilion; Latin: Trōia, Īlium, Hittite: Wilusa or The name, Mount Ida, is the ancient one. Two sacred mountains are called Mount Ida in Greek mythology, equally named "Mount of the Goddess

Contents

Geography

Mount Ida is lightly populated upland massif of about 700 km² located to the north of Edremit. This article is on the Aegean city and the district of Edremit in Balıkesir Province, western Turkey. A number of small villages in the region are connected by paths. Drainage is mainly to the south, into the Gulf of Edremit, also known as Edremit Bay, where the coast is rugged and is known as "the Olive Riviera. ". However, the Karamenderes River (the ancient Scamander) flows from the other side of Mount Ida to the west. Karamenderes is the modern name of the river Scamander, along the lower course of which according to the Iliad, the battles of the Trojan War were fought Its valley under Kaz Dağları has been called "the Vale of Troy" by English speakers. [2] Currently a modest 2. 4 km² of Mount Ida are protected by Kaz Dağı National Park, created in 1993.

The summit is windswept and bare with a relatively low tree line due to exposure, but the slopes of this mountain, at the edge of mild Mediterranean and colder central Anatolian climate zones, hold a wealth of endemic flora, marooned here after the Ice Age. The tree line or timberline is the edge of the habitat at which Trees are capable of growing The climate at lower altitudes has become increasingly hot and dry in the deforested landscape. The dry period lasts from May to October. Rainfall averages between 631 and 733 mm per year. The mean annual temperature is 15. 7 degrees Celsius, with diurnal temperatures as high as 43. 7 degrees Celsius in Edremit. This article is on the Aegean city and the district of Edremit in Balıkesir Province, western Turkey. The forests on the upper slopes consist mainly of Turkish Fir (Abies nordmanniana subsp. Nordmann Fir ( Abies nordmanniana) is a Fir native to the Mountains south and east of the Black Sea, in Turkey, Georgia equi-trojani; considered by some botanists to be a distinct species Abies equi-trojani).

Legend

Cultic significance

Cybele

In ancient times, the mountain was dedicated to the worship of Cybele, who at Rome therefore was given the epithet Idaea Mater. Originally a Hittite and Phrygian Goddess, Cybele (Κυβέλη was a deification of the Earth Mother and was worshipped in An epithet (from Greek ἐπίθετον - epitheton, neut of ἐπίθετος - epithetos, "attributed added" is a

Sibylline books

The oldest collection of Sibylline utterances, the Sibylline books, appears to have been made about the time of Cyrus at Gergis on Mount Ida; it was attributed to the Hellespontine Sibyl and was preserved in the temple of Apollo at Gergis. The Sibylline Books or Libri Sibyllini were a collection of oracular utterances set out in Greek Hexameters purchased from a Sibyl The word sibyl probably comes (via Latin) from the Greek word sibylla, meaning Prophetess (Other schools of thought suggest that the word From Gergis the collection passed to Erythrae, where it became famous as the oracles of the Erythraean Sibyl. The Erythraean Sibyl, by the name of Herophile was the prophetess of Classical antiquity presiding over the Apollonian Oracle at Erythrae It seems to have been this very collection, or so it would appear, which found its way to Cumae (see the Cumaean Sibyl) and from Cumae to Rome. The ageless Cumaean Sibyl was the priestess presiding over the Apollonian Oracle at Cumae, a Greek colony located near Naples,

Mythology

Idaea

Idaea was a nymph, mate of the river god Scamander, and mother of King Teucer the Trojan king. In Greek mythology, a nymph is any member of a large class of mythological entities in human female form In Greek mythology, Scamander ( Skamandros) was a river god son of Oceanus and Tethys according to Hesiod. This article is about King Teucer son of Scamander and Idaea, for Teucer son of King Telamon of Salamis, see Teucer. The Scamander River flowed from Mount Ida across the plain beneath the city of Troy, and joined the Hellespont north of the city. See also Dardanelles Hellespont ( Turkish, Greek; ie "Sea of Helle" variously named in classical literature Hellespontium Pelagus

Ganymede

At an earlier time, on Mount Ida, Ganymede, the son of Tros or perhaps of Laomedon, both kings of Troy, was desired by Zeus, who descended in the form of an eagle and swept up Ganymede, to be cupbearer to the Olympian gods. TROS (originally an acronym for Televisie Radio Omroep Stichting) is a Dutch television and radio organisation part of the Netherlands Public Broadcasting. In Greek mythology, Laomedon was a Trojan king son of Ilus, brother of Ganymedes and father of Priam, Astyoche Zeus (zjuːs in Greek: nominative: Zeús /zdeús/ genitive: Diós; Modern Greek /'zefs/ in Greek mythology

Paris

On the sacred mountain, the nymphs who were the daughter-spirits of the river Cebrenus, had their haunt, and one, Oenone, who had the chthonic gifts of prophetic vision and the curative powers of herb magic, wed Paris, living as a shepherd on Mount Ida. Cebren was a Greek river-god whose river was located near Troy. In Greek mythology, Oenone ( pronounced in English iˈnoni, in Ancient Greek oi'nōnē, meaning " wine woman " Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Unbeknownst to all, even to himself, Paris was the son of Priam, king of Troy. He was there on Mount Ida, experiencing the rustic education in exile of many heroes of Greek mythology, for his disastrous future effect on Troy was foretold at his birth, and Priam had him exposed on the sacred slopes. Greek mythology is the body of stories belonging to the ancient Greeks concerning their gods and Heroes the nature of the world and the origins and significance When the good shepherd who was entrusted with the baby returned to bury the exposed child, he discovered that he had been suckled by a she-bear (a totem animal of the archaic goddess Artemis) and took the child home to be foster-nursed by his wife. In Greek mythology, Artemis language|Greek] ( Nominative), ( Genitive))] was the daughter of Zeus and Leto, and the twin sister

When Eris ("discord") cast the Apple of Discord, inscribed "for the fairest", into the wedding festivities of Peleus with Thetis, three great goddesses repaired to Mount Ida to be appraised. Eris ( Greek Ἔρις, "Strife" is the Greek Goddess of strife her name being translated into Latin as Discordia In Greek mythology, Pēleús (Πηλεύς was a hero who was already known to Homer. This article is about the Greek sea nymph Thetis should not be confused with Themis, the embodiment of the laws of nature but see the sea-goddess Tethys. By a sacred spring on the mountainside, in "the Judgment of Paris", the grown youth Paris awarded it to Aphrodite, who offered Helen for a bribe, earning the perpetual enmity of the discredited goddesses Hera and Athena to the Trojan cause (Apollodorus, 3:12. See List of King Priam's children Paris ( Greek:; also known as Alexander or Alexandros, c This article is about the mythological figure Helen of Troy For other uses see Helen (disambiguation and Helen of Troy (disambiguation. In the Olympian pantheon of classical Greek Mythology, Hera (ˈhɪərə or /ˈhɛrə/ Greek) or Here ( in Ionic and Homer ATHENA was an Antimatter research project that took place at the AD Ring at CERN. Troy ( Greek: grc Τροία Troia, also, Ilion; Latin: Trōia, Īlium, Hittite: Wilusa or 5).

Anchises

Anchises, father of Aeneas, also of the Trojan royal house, was tending sheep on Mount Ida when he was seduced by Aphrodite. In Greek mythology, Anchises was a son of Capys and Themiste (daughter of Ilus son of Tros or Hieromneme, a Naiad. This article is about the Roman hero For other uses see Aeneas (disambiguation.

Trojan War

The mountain is the scene of several mythic events in the works of Homer. Homer ( Ancient Greek:, Homēros) is a legendary ancient Greek epic Poet, traditionally said to be the author of the epic poems the At its summit, the Olympian gods gathered to watch the progress of the epic fight. But the mountain was the sacred place of the Goddess, and Hera's powers were so magnified on Mount Ida, that she was able to distract Zeus with her seductions, just long enough to permit the climactic taking of Troy.

During the Trojan War, in an episode recorded in Apollodorus's Epitome, Achilles with some of the Achaean chiefs laid waste the countryside, and made his way to Ida to rustle the cattle of Aeneas. In Greek mythology, the Trojan War was waged against the city of Troy by the Achaeans after Paris of Troy stole Helen from her But Aeneas fled, and Achilles killed the cowherds and Nestor, son of Priam, and drove away the sacred kine (Epitome 3. 32). Achilles briefly refers to this incident as he prepares to duel with Aeneas during the siege of Troy. (Iliad XX)

After the Trojan War, the only surviving son of Priam, Helenus, retired to Mount Ida, where he was surprised and became the captive of Neoptolemus. Helenus was a Trojan soldier and prophet in the Trojan War. In Greek mythology, Helenus was the son of King Priam and Queen In Greek mythology, Neoptolemus (also Neoptólemos or Pyrrhus; Greek Νεοπτόλημος "New War" was the son of the warrior Achilles

History

Bronze age

In the Bronze Age, the region around the mountain complex had a somewhat checquered ethnography. The term Bronze Age refers to a period in human cultural development when the most advanced Metalworking (at least in systematic and widespread use included techniques for There is evidence for the following peoples with a reasonable degree of probability:

Iron age

In historical times, Xerxes I' march took him past Mount Ida (Herodotus VII:42). Xerxes I of Persia was a King of Persia (reigned 485–465 BC of the Achaemenid dynasty.

Notes

  1. ^ This etymology is given by Tanıtkan in the article referenced by the link below.
  2. ^ A term from the play, Friar Bacon, Line 412, by the Elizabethan playwright, Robert Greene, 1560-1592. This information comes from an untitled book review by Robert Adger Law in Modern Language Notes, Vol. 22, No. 6 (Jun., 1907), pp. 197-199

References

See also

External links

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