A mound is a general term for an artificial heaped pile of earth, gravel, sand, rocks, or debris. EARTH was a short-lived Japanese vocal trio which released 6 singles and 1 album between 2000 and 2001 Gravel is rock that is of a specific Particle size range In Geology, gravel is any loose rock that is larger than two millimeters (2mm Sand is a naturally occurring Granular material composed of finely divided rock and Mineral particles Rock music is a genre of Popular music often though not necessarily employing Electric guitar, Bass guitar, and Drums. Debris (ˈdeɪbriː/ /dɛˈbriː is a word used to describe the remains of something that has been otherwise destroyed The most common use is in reference to natural earthen formation such as hills and mountains, particularly if they appear artificial. A mountain is a Landform that extends above the surrounding Terrain in a limited area with a peak The term may also be applied to any rounded area of topographically higher elevation on any surface. Topography ( topo-, "place" and graphia, "writing" is the study of Earth 's Surface features or those of Planets The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. Artificial mounds have been created for a variety of reasons throughout history, including ceremonial (platform mound), burial (tumulus), and commemorative purposes (e. A platform mound is any earthwork or Mound intended to support a structure or activity A tumulus (plural tumuli) is a Mound of earth and stones raised over a grave or graves g. Kościuszko Mound). Kościuszko Mound ( Kopiec Kościuszki) in Kraków, Poland, erected by Cracovians in commemoration of the Polish national leader Tadeusz Kościuszko

Contents 1 North American archaeology 2 Archaeology elsewhere 3 Mound types 4 See also

North American archaeology

Main article: Mound builder (people)

In the archaeology of the United States and Canada, the term "mound" has specific and technical connotations. Mound Builder is a general term referring to the American Indians who constructed various styles of earthen Mounds for burial residential and ceremonial purposes Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page In this sense, a mound is a deliberately constructed elevated earthen structure or earthwork, intended for a range of potential uses. Earthworks are engineering works created through the moving of massive quantities of Soil or unformed rock. In European and Asian archaeology, the word "tumulus" may be used as a synonym for an artificial hill, particularly if the hill is related to particular burial customs. A tumulus (plural tumuli) is a Mound of earth and stones raised over a grave or graves Burial, also called interment and inhumation, is the act of placing a person or object into the ground

While the term "mound" may be applied to historic constructions, most mounds in the United States are prehistoric earthworks, built by Native American peoples. Stone Age Paleolithic See also Paleolithic, Recent African Origin, Early Homo sapiens, Early human migrations "Paleolithic" For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States. Native Americans built a variety of mounds, including flat-topped pyramids or cones known as platform mounds, rounded cones, and ridge or loaf-shaped mounds. A platform mound is any earthwork or Mound intended to support a structure or activity Some mounds took on unusual shapes, such as the outline of cosmologically significant animals. These are known as effigy mounds. Sites in the US of similar history may be found at Indian Mounds Park An effigy mound is a raised pile of earth built in the shape of a stylized animal symbol Some mounds, such as a few in Wisconsin, have rock formations, or petroforms within them, on them, or near them. Wisconsin ( or wɪˈskɑnsɨn (French Ouisconsin) is one of the fifty United States of America, located in the north central part of the United States Petroforms, also known as boulder outlines or boulder mosaics are human-made shapes and patterns of rocks on the open ground

While these mounds are perhaps not as famous as burial mounds, like their European analogs, Native American mounds also have a variety of other uses. Burial, also called interment and inhumation, is the act of placing a person or object into the ground While some prehistoric cultures, like the Adena culture, used mounds preferentially for burial, others used mounds for other ritual and sacred acts, as well as for secular functions. The Adena culture was a Pre-Columbian Native American culture that existed from 1000 BC to 200 BC in a time known as the early Woodland Period. The platform mounds of the Mississippian culture, for example, may have supported temples, the houses of chiefs, council houses, and may have also acted as a platform for public speaking. A platform mound is any earthwork or Mound intended to support a structure or activity The Mississippian culture was a mound-building Native American culture that flourished in what is now the Midwestern, Eastern, and Southeastern A temple (from the Latin word Templum) is a structure reserved for religious or spiritual activities such as prayer and sacrifice or analogous rites A city hall or town hall is the chief administrative building of a City or Town 's administration and usually houses the city or Other mounds would have been part of defensive walls to protect a certain area. The Hopewell culture used mounds as markers of complex astronomical alignments related to ceremonies. The Hopewell tradition (also incorrectly called the "Hopewell culture" is the term used to describe common aspects of the Native American culture that flourished along

Mounds and related earthworks are the only significant monumental construction in prehistoric Eastern and Central North America. A monument is a structure either explicitly created to commemorate a person or important event or which has become important to a social group as a part of their remembrance of past

Archaeology elsewhere

Mound, as a technical term in archaeology, is not generally in favor in the rest of the world. More specific local terminology is preferred, and each of these terms has its own article (see below).

Mound types

• Cairn
  • Chambered cairn
• Effigy mound
• Kofun (Japanese mounds)
• Platform mound
• Tell (also includes multi-lingual synonyms for mounds in the Near East)
• Tumulus (Barrow)
  • Bank barrow
  • Bell barrow
  • Bowl barrow
  • Chambered long barrow
  • Kurgan
  • Long barrow
  • Oval barrow

See also

• for North America, see especially Mound builders and related subjects:
  • Adena culture
  • Hopewell culture
  • Fort Ancient
  • Mississippian culture
• Kofun period
• Kurgan hypothesis
• Neolithic Europe
• Petroform
• Olmec
  • La Venta
  • San Jose Mogote
• Prehistoric Britain

A cairn ( carn in Irish is an artificial pile of stones often in a conical form A chambered cairn is a burial monument usually constructed during the Neolithic, consisting of a Cairn of stones inside which a sizeable (usually stone chamber Sites in the US of similar history may be found at Indian Mounds Park An effigy mound is a raised pile of earth built in the shape of a stylized animal symbol are megalithic Tombs or tumuli in Japan, constructed between early 3rd century and early 7th century. A platform mound is any earthwork or Mound intended to support a structure or activity Tell, tel or tall (تلّ tall, and תֵּל tel) meaning "hill" or "mound" is a type of archaeological A tumulus (plural tumuli) is a Mound of earth and stones raised over a grave or graves A bank barrow, sometimes referred to as a barrow-bank, ridge barrow, or ridge mound, is a type of Tumulus first identified by O A bell barrow, sometimes referred to as a Wessex type barrow, campanulate form barrow, or a bermed barrow is a type of Tumulus identified as A bowl barrow, sometimes referred to as a cairn circle, cairn ring, howe, kerb cairn, tump or rotunda grave is a type of Chambered long barrows are a type of Megalithic burial monument found in the British Isles in the Neolithic. Kurgan (курга́н is the Russian word (of Turkic origin for a Tumulus, a type of Burial mound or barrow heaped over a A long barrow is a prehistoric monument dating to the early Neolithic period An oval barrow is the name given by archaeologists to a type of Prehistoric burial Tumulus. Mound Builder is a general term referring to the American Indians who constructed various styles of earthen Mounds for burial residential and ceremonial purposes The Adena culture was a Pre-Columbian Native American culture that existed from 1000 BC to 200 BC in a time known as the early Woodland Period. The Hopewell tradition (also incorrectly called the "Hopewell culture" is the term used to describe common aspects of the Native American culture that flourished along This article is about the Fort Ancient culture for the National Historic Landmark in Warren County Ohio, see Fort Ancient (Lebanon Ohio The Mississippian culture was a mound-building Native American culture that flourished in what is now the Midwestern, Eastern, and Southeastern The is an era in the History of Japan from around 250 to 538 The word kofun is Japanese for the type of burial mounds dating from this era The Kurgan hypothesis (also theory or model) is a model of early Indo-European origins, which postulates that the Kurgan culture of the Pontic steppe Neolithic Europe is the time between roughly from 7000 BC (the approximate time of the first farming societies in Greece) to ca Petroforms, also known as boulder outlines or boulder mosaics are human-made shapes and patterns of rocks on the open ground The Olmec were an ancient Pre-Columbian people living in the Tropical lowlands of south-central Mexico, in what are roughly the modern-day states This article is about the archeological site in Mexico For the fossil site in Colombia see La Venta (Colombia. San José Mogote is a Pre-Columbian Archaeological site of the Zapotec, a Mesoamerican culture that flourished in the region of what is now the Prehistoric Britain was a period in the human occupation of Great Britain that was the later part of Prehistory, conventionally ending with the Roman invasion

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