Citizendia
Your Ad Here

Plan of Windsor Castle in 1743 by Batty Langley
Plan of Windsor Castle in 1743 by Batty Langley
The motte, at Knockgraffon, New Inn in County Tipperary, Ireland
The motte, at Knockgraffon, New Inn in County Tipperary, Ireland
Motte crowned with stone shell-keep and multi-angular keep, Gisors, France
Motte crowned with stone shell-keep and multi-angular keep, Gisors, France

A motte-and-bailey is a form of castle. Year 1743 ( MDCCXLIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a New Inn (Loch Cheann is a village in County Tipperary, Ireland. County Tipperary (Contae Thiobraid Árann is a County in Ireland situated in the Province of Munster. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world The Château de Gisors is a castle in the town of Gisors in the Départment of Eure, France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. A castle is a defensive structure seen as one of the main symbols of the Middle Ages. Many were built in Britain, Ireland and France in the 11th and 12th centuries. Great Britain during the Middle Ages (from the 5th century withdrawal of Roman forces from the province of Britannia Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.

Contents

Construction

The 'motte' in French is a raised earth mound in the form of a small, often artificial hill and topped with a wooden or stone structure known as a keep. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Soil, often typeset as SOiL, is a four piece rock band from Chicago Illinois United States founded by Shaun Glass Tom Schofield Tim King and Adam Zadel Wood is hard fibrous lignified structural tissue produced as secondary Xylem in the stems of Woody plants notably trees but also shrubs Masonry is the building of structures from individual units laid in and bound together by mortar, and the term "masonry" can also refer to the units themselves A keep is a strong central Tower which is used as a dungeon or a fortress The earth for the mound would be taken from a ditch, dug around the motte or around the whole castle. A ditch is usually defined as a small to moderate depression created to channel Water. The outer surface of the mound could be covered with clay or strengthened with wooden supports. Clay is a naturally occurring material composed primarily of fine-grained Minerals which show plasticity through a variable range of Water content, and Bigger castles might have two mottes, as at Lewes Castle. Lewes Castle stands at the highest point of Lewes, East Sussex, England on an artificial mound built originally of Chalk blocks In England the Anglo-Saxons called these structures 'Grafts'.

The 'bailey' is an enclosed courtyard, typically surrounded by a wooden fence called a palisade and overlooked by the motte. For alternative meanings of the word "court" see Court (disambiguation. A fence is a freestanding structure designed to restrict or prevent movement across a boundary It was usually used as a living area by farmers or slaves that 'belonged' to the Lord of the Castle. A castle could have more than one bailey, sometimes an inner and an outer, such as at Warkworth Castle, where expansion of the castle led to enclosure of a new bailey with a wall. Warkworth Castle is a ruined although reasonably well preserved Castle, situated in Warkworth, Northumberland, on a defensive mound in a loop of the Alternately, the multiple baileys could flank the motte, such as at Windsor Castle. Windsor Castle, in Windsor in the English county of Berkshire, is the largest inhabited Castle in the world and dating back to the time of The bailey was often directly connected to the ditch surrounding the motte. The bailey was often enclosed inside another wooden palisade and surrounding ditch, so as to add an extra layer of protection. It was connected to the motte by a timber drawbridge, which could be separated from the bailey as a last defence mechanism. There was in many cases another drawbridge at the entrance into the bailey that could similarly be raised for protection. The bailey would typically contain a hall, stables for the horses and cattle, a chapel, and huts for the nobleman's people.

History

Model of a motte-and-bailey
Model of a motte-and-bailey

It is commonly believed that motte-and-bailey castles could be very quickly erected; according to records, William the Conqueror had one built at Pevensey in days. William I of England ( 1027 His reign which brought Norman culture to England had an enormous impact on the subsequent course of England in the Middle Ages Pevensey is a Village and Civil parish in the Wealden district of East Sussex, England. But recent excavations of mottes have shown that they were built in stages, and that the building of one consisted of complex bankings of earth to keep the motte at its steep angle. Evidence now points to construction time lasting anywhere from several months to 2 years for quality mottes. They were characteristic of the Norman Conquest period in England and of the Anglo-Norman settlements in Wales, Ireland and the Scottish lowlands, as well as in France and the continent through to the 12th century. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland A town is a type of settlement ranging from a few to several thousand (occasionally hundreds of thousands inhabitants although it may be applied loosely even to huge metropolitan Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. In later days a stone wall replaced the timber palisade and produced what is known as the shell-keep, as at the castles of Berkeley, Alnwick and Windsor, still existing today. See also List of cities with defensive walls A defensive wall is a Fortification used to defend a city or settlement from potential aggressors Lumber or timber is Wood in any of its stages from felling through readiness for use as structural Material for Construction, or palisade is a steel or wooden Fence or wall of variable height usually used as a defensive structure A keep is a strong central Tower which is used as a dungeon or a fortress Berkeley Castle (historically sometimes spelt Berkley Castle) is a Castle in the town of Berkeley, Gloucestershire, UK ( Alnwick ( IPA /ˈænɪk/ is a small Market town in north Northumberland, England. Windsor Castle, in Windsor in the English county of Berkshire, is the largest inhabited Castle in the world and dating back to the time of The remains of castle mottes can be found in many parts of Britain. In many cases, however, earth and timber defences were never replaced with stone.

A description of this type of castle is given in the life of St John, Bishop of Terouanne (Acta Sanctorum, quoted by GT Clark, Medieval Mil. A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight Thérouanne is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais département in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France. Architecture):

“ The rich and the noble of that region being much given to feuds and bloodshed, fortify themselves . Nobility is a government-privileged title which may be either hereditary (see Hereditary titles) or for a lifetime A feud (ˈfjuːd (referred to in more extreme cases as a blood feud or vendetta) is a long-running argument or fight between parties&mdashoften through Guilt . . and by these strongholds subdue their equals and oppress their inferiors. A stronghold is a strongly fortified defensive structureThe history of fortified buildings extends from antiquity to modern times They heap up a mound as high as they are able, and dig round it as broad a ditch as they can . . . Round the summit of the mound they construct a palisade of timber to act as a wall. Inside the palisade they erect a house, or rather a citadel, which looks down on the whole neighbourhood. A citadel is a fortress for protecting a Town, sometimes incorporating a Castle. ”

St John died in 1130, and this castle of Merchem (built by a lord of the town many years before), may be taken as typical of the practice of the eleventh century. But in addition to the mound, the citadel of the fortress, there was usually appended to it a bailey or base-court (and sometimes two) of semilunar or horseshoe shape, so that the mound stood on the line of the enceinte. Enceinte ( Lat. in, within cinctus, girdled to be distinguished from the word meaning pregnant, from in, not and cinctus

Examples

See also

External links

Alnwick Castle is a Castle and Stately home in Alnwick, Northumberland, England and the residence of the Duke of Northumberland Arundel Castle in West Sussex, England is a restored medieval castle Bedford Castle Mound, is the remnant of a castle in Bedford England ( Berkeley Castle (historically sometimes spelt Berkley Castle) is a Castle in the town of Berkeley, Gloucestershire, UK ( Brinklow Castle known locally as " The Tump " was in the village of Brinklow in the county of Warwickshire between Coventry and Castle Neroche is a Norman Motte-and-bailey Castle on the site of an earlier Hill fort near Staple Fitzpaine, Somerset The Château de Gisors is a castle in the town of Gisors in the Départment of Eure, France. Durham Castle is a Norman Castle in the city of Durham, England, which has been wholly occupied since 1840 by University College Durham Fotheringhay Castle was in the Village of Fotheringhay some 3½ miles (6 km to the north of the Market town of Oundle, Northamptonshire Lewes Castle stands at the highest point of Lewes, East Sussex, England on an artificial mound built originally of Chalk blocks Moate (An Móta is a Town in County Westmeath, Ireland. The name An Móta is derived from the term Motte-and-bailey as Mold Castle, on Bailey Hill in the town of Mold, Flintshire, Northeast Wales, was a earthwork motte and bailey fortress Montacute is a small Village in Somerset, England, four miles west of Yeovil. Haugh of Urr is a Village in the Urr Parish, Kirkcudbrightshire, in South West Scotland. Nether Stowey is a small village in the Sedgemoor district of Somerset, South West England. Nottingham Castle is a Castle in Nottingham, England. It is located in a commanding position with 130 foot cliffs to the south and west Sandal Castle is a ruin on the edge of the city of Wakefield in West Yorkshire and overlooks the River Calder and Pugneys Country Park. StaffordCastle2jpg|thumb|300px|Photo of Stafford Castle]] Stafford Castle is a building in the town of Stafford in England. Tamworth Castle, a Grade I listed building, is a small Castle, located next to the River Tame, in the town of Tamworth in Staffordshire Warwick Castle (, like warren) is a medieval Shell keep Castle in Warwick, the County town of Warwickshire, Warkworth Castle is a ruined although reasonably well preserved Castle, situated in Warkworth, Northumberland, on a defensive mound in a loop of the Windsor Castle, in Windsor in the English county of Berkshire, is the largest inhabited Castle in the world and dating back to the time of Wiston Castle is a Motte and bailey castle in the Pembrokeshire village of Wiston in south west Wales. A Moot hill is a hill or mound historically used as a meeting place
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic