This article is about the Central American area. For the film and novel see The Mosquito Coast. The article is about the novel and film For the Central American area see Mosquito Coast.

The Caribbean Mosquito Coast (or Miskito Coast) historically consisted of an area along the Atlantic coast of present-day Nicaragua, named after its native Miskito Indians and long dominated by British interests. Nicaragua (ˌnɪkəˈrɑgwə officially the Republic of Nicaragua () is a representative democratic republic and the largest nation in Central America The Miskitos are a group of Native Americans in Central America. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Mosquito Coast was incorporated into Nicaragua in 1894, however, in 1960 the northern part was granted to Honduras by the International Court of Justice. Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Honduras in Spanish, República de Honduras) is a democratic republic in Central America. See also International Commission of Jurists The International Court of Justice (known colloquially as the World Court or ICJ; Cour ^[1]

Contents 1 History 2 Inhabitants of the Mosquito Coast 3 See also 4 Footnotes 5 Sources and references

History

Although its name sometimes applies to the whole eastern seaboard of Nicaragua — and even to La Mosquitia in Honduras, i. La Mosquitia refers to the northeastern part of Honduras along the Mosquito Coast. Honduras in Spanish, República de Honduras) is a democratic republic in Central America. e. the coast region as far west as the Río Negro or Tinto – the Mosquito Coast more accurately consisted of a narrow strip of territory, fronting the Caribbean Sea, and extending from about 11°45’ to 14°10’ N. The Río Coco, formerly known as the Río Segovia is a river in southern Honduras and northern Nicaragua. For the region see Caribbean. The Caribbean Sea (kəˈrɪbiən or /ˌkærɨˈbiːən/ is a tropical Sea in the Western Hemisphere It stretched inland for an average distance of 40 miles (60 km), and measured about 225 miles (360 km) from north to south. In the north, its boundary skirted the river Wawa; in the west, it corresponded with the eastern limit of the Nicaraguan highlands; in the south, it followed the Río Rama. The chief towns were Bluefields or Blewfields (the largest town, which has a good harbour and is the capital of Nicaragua's Región Autónoma del Atlántico Sur), Magdala on Pearl Cay, Prinzapolka on the river of that name, Wounta near the mouth of the Kukalaya, and Carata near the mouth of the Wawa River. Bluefields is the capital of the Municipality of the same name and of R Región Autónoma del Atlántico Sur ( Spanish for "Autonomous Region of the Southern Atlantic" sometimes shortened to RAAS is one of two Autonomous regions Prinzapolka is a Municipality in the Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte department of Nicaragua. Ethnographers commonly classify Indigenous peoples in the United States and Canada into ten geographical regions with shared cultural traits

The Mosquito Coast is so called from its principal inhabitants, the Miskito Indians, whose name was corrupted into Mosquito by European settlers. The Miskitos are a group of Native Americans in Central America. The Miskito Indians, of whom there are several tribes, are short of stature and very dark-skinned. Their colour is said to be due to intermarriage with shipwrecked slaves. As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another

The first European settlement in the Mosquito country started in 1630, when the agents of the English chartered Providence Company — of which the Earl of Warwick was chairman and John Pym treasurer — occupied two small cays and established friendly relations with the local inhabitants. The English people (from the adjective in Englisc) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to England who predominantly speak English The Providence Company or Providence Island Company was an English Chartered company founded in 1629 by a group of Puritans including Robert Rich 2nd Robert Rich 2nd Earl of Warwick ( June 5 1587 &ndash 19 April 1658) was an English colonial administrator Admiral John Pym (1584 &ndash December 8, 1643) was an English parliamentarian, leader of the Long Parliament and a prominent critic of

From 1655 to 1860, Britain claimed a protectorate over the Miskito Indians; but little success attended the various endeavors to plant colonies, and the protectorate was disputed by Spain, the Central American republics, and the United States. Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located In International law, a protectorate is a autonomous territory that is "protected" by a stronger state or entity hense the protector which engages to protect Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The opposition of the United States was due very largely to the fear that Britain would acquire a privileged position in regard to the proposed interoceanic canal. In 1848, the seizure of Greytown (San Juan del Norte), by the Miskito Indians, with British support, aroused great excitement in the United States, and even involved the risk of war. San Juan de Nicaragua, formerly known as San Juan del Norte and known in English as Greytown, is a town and Municipality in the Río San Juan In 1854, the American ship USS Cyane bombarded Greytown after failing to receive compensation for violence which had been directed against Solon Borland, an American diplomat, and other US citizens. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Solon Borland (1808 &ndash January 1, 1864) was a newspaperman soldier diplomat Democratic United States Senator from the State of Arkansas But through the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty of 1850, both powers pledged themselves not to fortify, colonise or exercise dominion over any part of Central America; in November 1859, Britain delegated its protectorate to Honduras. The Clayton-Bulwer Treaty was a treaty between the United States and Great Britain negotiated in 1850 by John M Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Honduras in Spanish, República de Honduras) is a democratic republic in Central America.

This caused great dissatisfaction among the Indians, who shortly afterwards revolted; and on 28 January 1860 Britain and Nicaragua concluded the treaty of Managua, which transferred to Nicaragua the suzerainty over the entire Caribbean coast from Cabo Gracias a Dios to Greytown (now San Juan del Norte) but granted autonomy to the Indians in the more limited Mosquito Reserve (the area described above). Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting Managua is the Capital city of Nicaragua as well as the department and municipality by the same name Suzerainty (ˈsjuːzərənti RP or /ˈsjuːzəreɪnti/ RP) (/ˈsuːzərənti/ GA) is a situation in which a Region or people is a Cabo Gracias a Dios is a cape located in the middle of the east coast of Central America, within what is variously called the Mosquito Coast and La San Juan de Nicaragua, formerly known as San Juan del Norte and known in English as Greytown, is a town and Municipality in the Río San Juan The local chief accepted this change on condition that he should retain his local authority, and receive a yearly subvention of £1000 until 1870. In Politics, authority ( Latin Auctoritas, used in Roman law as opposed to Potestas and Imperium In Economics, a subsidy (also known as a subvention is a form of financial assistance paid to a business or economic sector But on his death in 1864, Nicaragua refused to recognize his successor.

The reserve nevertheless continued to be governed by an elected chief, aided by an administrative council, which met in Bluefields; and the Indians denied that the suzerainty of Nicaragua connoted any right of interference with their internal affairs. The question was referred for arbitration to the Habsburg emperor of Austria, whose award (published in 1880) upheld the contention of the Indians, and affirmed that the suzerainty of Nicaragua was limited by the Indians right of self-government. An emperor (from the Latin " Imperator " is a (male Monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an Empire or another type of Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Year 1880 ( MDCCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Self-governance is an abstract concept that refers to several scales of Organization. After enjoying almost complete autonomy for fourteen years, the Indians voluntarily surrendered their privileged position, and on 20 November 1894 their territory formally became incorporated in that of the republic of Nicaragua by Nicaraguan president José Santos Zelaya. Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs, Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common José Santos Zelaya López ( November 1, 1853 - May 17, 1919) was President of Nicaragua from 1893 to 1909 The former Mosquito Coast was established as the Nicaraguan department of Zelaya. In the Terminology of Political geography and Historiography a National department (département departamento is an administrative Zelaya is a former department in Nicaragua. The capital was Bluefields. During the 1980s, the department disappeared, substituted by RAAN (Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte) and RAAS (región Autónoma del Atlántico Sur), autonomous regions with a certain degree of self-government. Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte ( Spanish for "Autonomous Region of the Northern Atlantic" sometimes shortened to RAAN is one of two Autonomous regions Región Autónoma del Atlántico Sur ( Spanish for "Autonomous Region of the Southern Atlantic" sometimes shortened to RAAS is one of two Autonomous regions

The first version of the Mosquito Coast flag was adopted 1834. A flag is a piece of Cloth, often flown from a pole or mast, generally used Symbolically for signaling or identification The second was adopted in 1860 when the Nicaraguan flag replaced the Union Flag in the canton. The Union Flag, also known as the Union Jack, is the national flag of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Inhabitants of the Mosquito Coast

The Mosquito Coast of Nicaragua has a population of 118,000 inhabitants, consisting of 57% Miskito, 22% Creoles (Afro-Europeans) 15% Ladinos, 4% Sumu (Amerindian), 1% Garifuna (Afro-Indians), 0. Nicaragua (ˌnɪkəˈrɑgwə officially the Republic of Nicaragua () is a representative democratic republic and the largest nation in Central America The Miskitos are a group of Native Americans in Central America. For the languages see Creole language. For other meanings see Creole (disambiguation. Ladino is a Spanish term used to describe various socio-ethnic categories in Latin America, principally in Central America. The Sumo (also known as Sumu or Mayangna) are a people that live on the eastern coasts of Nicaragua and Honduras, an area commonly known as the The Garinagu (singular Garifuna) are an ethnic group of mixed ancestry who live primarily in Central America. 5% Chinese and 0. Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. 5% Rama (Amerindian). The Rama are an indigenous people of Nicaragua. The 900 ethnic Rama live within a thirty mile radius of the Rama Cay island on the Caribbean [1]

Miskito	Creole	Ladino	Sumo	Garifuna	Chinese	Rama
57%	22%	15%	4%	1%	. 5%	. 5%

See also

• Garifuna
• Miskito
• La Mosquitia
• Nicaragua

Footnotes

Sources and references

• http://www.flag.de/FOTW/flags/ni-mc.html - Mosquito Coast flag
• RoyalArk-Mosquitos
• A Bibliography of the Mosquito Coast of Nicaragua by Courtney de Kalb, in Bulletin of the American Geographic Society. , vol. xxvi. (1894)
• Studies of the Mosquito Shore in 1892 by the same author, and in the same publication, vol. xxv. (I893)
• A Forgotten Puritan Colony in No. 165 of Blackwood's Magazine (Edinburgh, 1898), described the attempt at colonization made in 1630. Blackwood's Magazine was a British Magazine and Miscellany printed between 1817 and 1980
• See also Der Streit um die Mosquito-Küste by J. Richter, in Zeitschrift f. Gesellschaft d. Erdkunde, No. 30 (Berlin, 1895).
• Mitla: A Narrative of Incidents and Personal Adventures on a Journey in Mexico, Guatemala and Salvador in the years 1853 to 1855 by G. F. Von Tempsky (London, 1858)
• Von Tempsky: Adventurer by W. Major Gustavus Ferdinand von Tempsky ( 15 February 1828 - 7 September 1868) was an Prussian adventurer artist newspaper T. Parham (Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1969) SBN 340 10798 7 (Chapters 2 & 6 are on the Mosquito Coast)
• The War in Nicaragua by W. Walker (New York, 1860)

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone

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