| Moshe Dayan | |
|---|---|
| May 20, 1915–October 16, 1981 | |
Moshe Dayan |
|
| Place of birth | Degania, Jordan Valley, Vilayet of Beirut (then part of the Ottoman Empire) |
| Place of death | Tel Aviv, Israel |
| Allegiance | British Army Haganah Israel Defence Forces |
| Years of service | 1932 - 1974 |
| Rank | Brigade commander Lieutenant General Chief of Staff |
| Battles/wars | World War II 1948 Arab-Israeli War Suez Crisis Six-Day war Yom Kippur War |
Moshe Dayan (Hebrew: משה דיין, born 20 May 1915, died 16 October 1981) was an Israeli military leader and politician. Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 456 - Magister militum Ricimer defeats the Emperor Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the western Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Degania Alef (דגניה א' was the first Kibbutz established by Jews in the areas of the Land of Israel then under Ottoman rule The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Tel Aviv-Yafo (תֵּל ־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ تل أبيب Tal ʾAbīb) (usually Tel Aviv) is the second-largest city in Israel For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. Haganah ( Hebrew: "The Defense" ההגנה was a Jewish Paramilitary organization in what was then the British Mandate of Palestine The Israel Defense Forces ( IDF) (צְבָא הַהֲגָנָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, lit A brigade is a Military unit Echelon: is Lieutenant General is a Military rank used in many countries The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Suez Crisis, also referred to as the Tripartite Aggression, (أزمة السويس - العدوان الثلاثي Crise du canal de Suez מבצע קדש Kadesh Background Suez Crisis aftermath The Suez Crisis of 1956 represented a military defeat but a political victory for Egypt The Yom Kippur War, Ramadan War or October War (מלחמת יום הכיפורים transliterated: Milkhemet Yom HaKipurim or מלחמת יום Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 456 - Magister militum Ricimer defeats the Emperor Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the western Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. The fourth Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces (1953–1958), he became a fighting symbol to the world of the new State of Israel. The Israel Defense Forces ( IDF) (צְבָא הַהֲגָנָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, lit For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics.
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Moshe Dayan was born on Kibbutz Degania Alef near the shores of Lake Kinneret (Sea of Galilee) in pre-Mandate Palestine. A kibbutz ( Hebrew: קיבוץ קִבּוּץ lit "gathering clustering" plural kibbutzim) is a collective community in The Sea of Galilee, also Sea of Genneseret, Lake Kinneret or Lake Tiberias (Hebrew ים כנרת) (Arabic بحيرة طبريا) Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. His parents were Shmuel and Devorah, Jewish immigrants from Ukraine. Shmuel Dayan (שמואל דיין born 8 August 1891, died 11 August 1968) was a Zionist activist during the British Mandate Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. He was the second child to be born on the kibbutz (after Gideon Baratz). At the age of 14, he joined the newly formed Jewish militia known as the Haganah. Haganah ( Hebrew: "The Defense" ההגנה was a Jewish Paramilitary organization in what was then the British Mandate of Palestine One of his military heroes was the British Zionist officer Orde Wingate, whom he served as second-in-command. History of Zionism|Timeline of Zionism|World Zionist Organization|Zionist political violence Zionism is an international political movement that originally supported the Major-General Orde Charles Wingate, DSO and two bars ( February 26, 1903 &ndash March 24, 1944) was a
He was arrested by the British ten years later in 1939 (when the Haganah was outlawed), but released after two years in February 1941, as part of Haganah cooperation with the British during World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including
Dayan was assigned to a small Australian-Palmach-Arab reconnaissance task force,[1] formed in preparation for the Allied invasion of Syria and Lebanon and attached to the Australian 7th Division. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The Syria-Lebanon campaign, also known as Operation Exporter, was the Allied invasion of Vichy French -controlled Syria and Lebanon The 7th Division of the Australian Army was formed to serve in World War II, as part of the Second Australian Imperial Force (2nd AIF Using his home kibbutz of Hanita as a forward base, the unit frequently infiltrated Vichy French Lebanon, wearing traditional Arab dress, on covert surveillance missions. Hanita (חניתה is a Kibbutz in northern in Israel. Located in the western Galilee approximately 15 kilometres northeast of Nahariya Vichy France, or the Vichy regime are the common terms used to describe the government of France from July 1940 to August 1944 The French Mandate of Lebanon was a League of Nations Mandate created at the end of World War I.
On June 7, the night before the invasion, the unit crossed the border and secured two bridges over the Litani River. Events 1099 - The First Crusade: The Siege of Jerusalem begins The Litani River (نهر الليطاني transliterated: Nahr al-Līţānī classical name Leontes is an important waterway in southern Lebanon When they were not relieved as expected, at 04:00 on June 8, the unit perceived that it was exposed to possible attack and — on its own initiative — assaulted a nearby Vichy police station, capturing it in a firefight. Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable A few hours later, as Dayan was using binoculars they were struck by a French bullet, propelling metal and glass fragments into his left eye and causing it severe damage. Binocular telescopes, or binoculars (also known as field glasses are two identical or Mirror - symmetrical telescopes mounted side-by-side and Six hours passed before he could be evacuated and Dayan lost the eye. In addition, the damage to the extraocular muscles was such that Dayan could not be fitted with a glass eye, and he was forced to adopt the black eyepatch that became his trademark. The extraocular muscles are the six Muscles that control the movements of the (human eye. An ocular prosthesis or Artificial eye (a type of Craniofacial prosthesis) replaces an absent natural Eye following an Enucleation, evisceration An eyepatch is a small patch that is worn in front of one eye On the recommendation of an Australian officer, he received the Distinguished Service Order, one of the British Commonwealth's highest military honours and a medal which is awarded to junior officers only in exceptional circumstances. The Distinguished Service Order ( DSO) is a Military decoration of the United Kingdom, and formerly of other Commonwealth countries awarded for The term junior officer is sometimes used to make clear that an officer in a Military or Paramilitary unit is not in overall command
In the years immediately following, the disability caused him some psychological pain. [2] Dayan wrote in his biography: "I reflected with considerable misgivings on my future as a cripple without a skill, trade, or profession to provide for my family. " He added that he was "ready to make any effort and stand any suffering, if only I could get rid of my black eye patch. The attention it drew was intolerable to me. I preferred to shut myself up at home, doing anything, rather than encounter the reactions of people wherever I went. "
During the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, Dayan occupied various important positions, first as the commander of the defense in the Jordan valley; he was then given command over a number of military units on the central front. He was extremely well-liked by Israel's founding Prime Minister, David Ben-Gurion and became his protégé, together with Shimon Peres (a future Prime Minister and President). (שמעון פרס born Szymon Perski on August 2 1923, is the ninth President of the State of Israel. The President of the State of Israel (נשיא המדינה Nesi HaMedina, lit
After the war, Dayan began to rise rapidly through the ranks. From 1953 to 1958, he was the Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces. The Israel Defense Forces ( IDF) (צְבָא הַהֲגָנָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, lit In this capacity, he personally commanded the Israeli forces fighting in the Sinai during the 1956 Suez Crisis. The Suez Crisis, also referred to as the Tripartite Aggression, (أزمة السويس - العدوان الثلاثي Crise du canal de Suez מבצע קדש Kadesh It was during Dayan's tenure as Chief of Staff that he delivered his famous eulogy of Roi Rutenberg, a young Israeli killed in 1956. Nahal Oz (נַחַ"ל עֹז lit Strength of the Nahal) is a Kibbutz in southern Israel.
| Moshe Dayan | |
|---|---|
| Knesset(s) | 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th |
| Party | Telem |
| Former parties | Mapai, Rafi, Alignment |
| Gov't roles (current in bold) |
Minister of Agriculture Minister of Defense Minister of Foreign Affairs |
In 1959, a year after he retired from the IDF, Dayan joined Mapai, the leftist party in Israeli politics, then led by David Ben-Gurion. Elections for the fourth Knesset were held in Israel on 3 November 1959 Elections for the fifth Knesset were held in Israel on 15 August 1961 Elections for the sixth Knesset were held in Israel on 1 November 1965 Elections for the seventh Knesset were held in Israel on 28 October 1969 The Elections for the eighth Knesset were held on 31 December 1973. The Elections for the ninth Knesset were held on 17 May 1977. Elections for the tenth Knesset were held in Israel on 30 June 1981 Telem (תל"ם an acronym for Tenoa'a LeHithadshut Mamlakhtit (Hebrew תנועה להתחדשות ממלכתית lit for the town in Mozambique see Mapai Mozambique Mapai (מפא"י an acronym for Mifleget Poalei Eretz Yisrael (מפלגת Rafi (רפ"י an acronym for Reshimat Poalei Yisrael (רשימת פועלי ישראל lit The Alignment (המערך HaMa'arakh) was an alliance of the major left-wing parties in Israel between the 1960s and 1990s The Agriculture Minister of Israel (שר החקלאות Sar HaHakla'ut) is the political head of the Israeli Ministry of Agriculture and a relatively minor position The Defense Minister of Israel (שר הביטחון Sar HaBitahon lit The Foreign Affairs Minister of Israel (שר החוץ Sar HaHutz) is the political head of the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs. for the town in Mozambique see Mapai Mozambique Mapai (מפא"י an acronym for Mifleget Poalei Eretz Yisrael (מפלגת Until 1964, he served as the Minister of Agriculture. The Agriculture Minister of Israel (שר החקלאות Sar HaHakla'ut) is the political head of the Israeli Ministry of Agriculture and a relatively minor position Dayan joined with the group of Ben-Gurion loyalists who defected from Mapai in 1965 to form Rafi. Rafi (רפ"י an acronym for Reshimat Poalei Yisrael (רשימת פועלי ישראל lit The Prime Minister Levi Eshkol disliked Dayan; however, when tensions began to rise in early 1967, Eshkol appointed the charismatic and popular Dayan as Minister of Defense in order to raise public morale and widen his government's support by establishing a unity government. (לֵוִי אֶשְׁכּוֹל born Levi Školnik (לֵוִי שׁקוֹלנִיק on 25 October 1895, died 26 February 1969)
Although Dayan did not take part in most of the planning before the Six-Day War of June 1967, his appointment as defense minister contributed to the Israeli success. Background Suez Crisis aftermath The Suez Crisis of 1956 represented a military defeat but a political victory for Egypt He personally oversaw the capture of East Jerusalem during the June 5-June 7 fighting. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem Events 1099 - The First Crusade: The Siege of Jerusalem begins Following the war, Dayan, whose virtues did not include modesty, invested in public relation efforts to take credit for much of the fighting. During the years following the war, Dayan enjoyed enormous popularity in Israel and was widely viewed as a potential Prime Minister. At this time, Dayan was the leader of the hawkish camp within the Labor government, opposing a return to anything like Israel's pre-1967 borders. He once said that he preferred Sharm-al-Sheikh (an Egyptian town on the southern edge of the Sinai Peninsula overlooking Israel's shipping lane to the Red Sea via the Gulf of Aqaba) without peace to peace without Sharm-al-Sheikh. Sharm el Sheikh (شرم الشيخ Sharm al-Shaykh) often known simply as "Sharm" is a city situated on the southern tip of the Sinai Peninsula, in The Sinai Peninsula or Sinai ( Coptic: sina; Egyptian Arabic: sina سينا Arabic, sina'a سيناء The Red Sea is a Salt water Inlet of the Indian Ocean between Africa and Asia. The Gulf of Aqaba ( Arabic: خليج العقبة transliterated: Khalyj al-'Aqabah in Israel known as the Gulf of Eilat ( Hebrew He modified these views later in his career and played an important role in the eventual peace agreement between Israel and Egypt. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics.
In a 1976 interview by Israeli journalist Rami Tal, Dayan claimed that 80 percent of the cross-border clashes between Israel and Syria in the years before the war were a result of Israeli provocation. Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية He said, "I made a mistake in allowing the [Israeli] conquest of the Golan Heights. Borders of Israel The Golan Heights ( الجولان al-Jawlān, הגולן ha-Golan) is a strategic Plateau and mountainous As defense minister I should have stopped it because the Syrians were not threatening us at the time. "[3][4]
After Golda Meir became Prime Minister in 1969 following the death of Levi Eshkol, Dayan remained Minister of Defense. (מְנַחֵם בְּגִין Mieczysław Biegun Менахем Вольфович Бегин 16 August 1913 – 9 March 1992 was the sixth prime minister of the State of Israel Andrews Air Force Base is a United States Air Force base in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Golda Meir ( גּוֹלְדָּה מֵאִיר جولدا مائير born Golda Mabovitch, 3 May 1898 - 8 December 1978 known as Golda Myerson from 1917-1956 (לֵוִי אֶשְׁכּוֹל born Levi Školnik (לֵוִי שׁקוֹלנִיק on 25 October 1895, died 26 February 1969) He was still in that post when the Yom Kippur War began catastrophically for Israel on October 6, 1973. The Yom Kippur War, Ramadan War or October War (מלחמת יום הכיפורים transliterated: Milkhemet Yom HaKipurim or מלחמת יום For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. As the highest-ranking official responsible for military planning, Dayan may bear part of the responsibility for the Israeli leadership having missed the signs for the upcoming war. [5] In the hours preceding the war, Dayan chose not to order a full mobilization or a preemptive strike against the Egyptians and the Syrians. [5] He assumed that Israel would be able to win easily even if the Arabs attacked and, more importantly, did not want Israel to appear as the aggressor, as it would have undoubtedly cost it the invaluable support of the United States (who would later mount a massive airlift to rearm Israel, a major turning point of the war).
Following the heavy defeats of the first two days, Dayan's views changed radically; he was close to announcing "the downfall of the "Third Temple" at a news conference, but was forbidden to speak by Meir. This article is about a potential but unbuilt future temple For Herod the Great 's massive renovation of the Second Temple see Herod's Temple. Etymology The Hebrew name given in Scripture for the building is Beit HaMikdash or "The Holy House" and only the Temple in Jerusalem is referred to by this name Moshe Dayan further backed from high level political role, and turned publicly as symbol for Israel independence and hope for Third Temple to be rebuilt. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. This article is about a potential but unbuilt future temple For Herod the Great 's massive renovation of the Second Temple see Herod's Temple.
Dayan suggested options at the beginning of the war, including a plan to withdraw to the Mitleh mountains in Sinai and a complete withdrawal from the Golan Heights in order to carry the battle over the Jordan, abandoning the core strategic principles of Israeli war doctrine, which says that war must be taken into enemy territory as soon as possible. The Chief of Staff, David Elazar, objected to these plans and was proved correct. David "Dado" Elazar (1925 – 1976 was the ninth Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces, serving in that capacity from 1972 to 1974 Israel broke through the Egyptian lines on the Sinai front, crossed the Suez canal, and encircled the 3rd Egyptian Army. The Sinai Peninsula or Sinai ( Coptic: sina; Egyptian Arabic: sina سينا Arabic, sina'a سيناء The Suez Canal is a Canal in Egypt. Opened in 1869 it allows Water transportation between Europe and Asia without circumnavigation Israel also counterattacked on the Syrian front, successfully repelling the Jordanian and Iraqi expeditionary forces and shelling the outskirts of Damascus, ending the war on favorable terms. Damascus ( دمشق,, also commonly known as الشام ash-Shām) is the capital and largest city of Syria.
According to those who knew him, the war deeply depressed Dayan. He went into political eclipse for a time. In 1977, despite having been re-elected to the Knesset for the Alignment, he accepted an offer to become Foreign Minister in the new Likud government led by Menachem Begin. The Elections for the ninth Knesset were held on 17 May 1977. The Alignment (המערך HaMa'arakh) was an alliance of the major left-wing parties in Israel between the 1960s and 1990s Likud (ליכוד lit Consolidation) is the major centre-right political party in Israel. (מְנַחֵם בְּגִין Mieczysław Biegun Менахем Вольфович Бегин 16 August 1913 – 9 March 1992 was the sixth prime minister of the State of Israel He was expelled from the Alignment, and sat as an independent MK. As Begin's foreign minister, he was instrumental in drawing up the Camp David Accords, a peace agreement with Egypt. The Camp David Accords were signed by Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin on September 17, Dayan withdrew in 1980 (joined by Ezer Weizman, who then defected to Labor), because of a disagreement with Begin over whether the Palestinian territories were an internal Israeli matter (the Camp David treaty included provisions for future negotiations with the Palestinians; Begin, who didn't like the idea, did not put Dayan in charge of the negotiating team). (עזר ויצמן ( June 15, 1924 - April 24, 2005) was the seventh President of Israel, serving a seven-year term from 1993 to In 1981 he founded a new party, Telem, which advocated unilateral separation from the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Telem (תל"ם an acronym for Tenoa'a LeHithadshut Mamlakhtit (Hebrew תנועה להתחדשות ממלכתית lit The West Bank (الضفة الغربية, הגדה המערבית Hagadah Hamaaravit) also referred to in Israel as " Judea and Samaria The Gaza Strip (قطاع غزة, רצועת עזה Retzu'at 'Azza) is a coastal strip of land along the Mediterranean Sea, bordering Egypt on the south-west
Telem won two seats in the 1981 elections, but Dayan died shortly thereafter, in Tel Aviv, from a massive heart attack. Nahalal-12jpg|thumb|right|250px|The main square of Nahalal in the 1930s]] Nahalal (נהלל is a Moshav in northern Israel. Elections for the tenth Knesset were held in Israel on 30 June 1981 Tel Aviv-Yafo (תֵּל ־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ تل أبيب Tal ʾAbīb) (usually Tel Aviv) is the second-largest city in Israel Myocardial infarction ( MI or AMI for acute myocardial infarction) also known as a heart attack, occurs when the blood supply He was in ill-health since 1980 when he was diagnosed with colon cancer late that year. Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) Colorectal cancer, also called colon cancer or large bowel cancer, includes Cancerous growths in the colon, Rectum and He is buried in Nahalal in the moshav (a collective village) where he was raised. Nahalal-12jpg|thumb|right|250px|The main square of Nahalal in the 1930s]] Nahalal (נהלל is a Moshav in northern Israel.
Dayan was very complicated and controversial; his opinions were never strictly black and white. He had few close friends; his mental brilliance and charismatic manner were combined with cynicism and lack of restraint. The word charisma (origin from the Greek word χάρισμα (kharisma, "gift" or "divine favor" from kharizesthai, "to favor" Ariel Sharon noted about Dayan:
Dayan combined a kibbutznik's secular identity and pragmatism with a deep love and appreciation for the Jewish people and the land of Israel --but not a religious identification. For other uses see Israel (disambiguation The Land of Israel ( Hebrew: אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל Eretz Yisrael) is In one recollection, having seen rabbis flocking on the Temple Mount shortly after Jerusalem was captured in 1967, he asked "what is this? Vatican?" Dayan later ordered the Israeli flag removed from the Dome of the Rock, and gave administrative control of the Temple Mount over to the Waqf, a Muslim council. Rabbi (pronunciation, although in English usually) in Judaism, means a religious ‘teacher’ or more literally ‘my great one’ when addressing any master The Temple Mount ( הַר הַבַּיִת, Har haBáyit) also called the Noble Sanctuary ( الحرم القدسي الشريف, al-haram The Dome of the Rock ( Arabic: مسجد قبة الصخرة translit A waqf ( plural, awqāf; vakıf wæqəf is an inalienable religious endowment in Islam, typically devoting a building or plot of land for Muslim A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion Dayan believed that the Temple Mount was more important to Judaism as a historical than a holy site.
Dayan was also an author and an amateur archaeologist, the latter hobby leading to some controversy as his amassing of historical artifacts, often with the help of his soldiers, broke a number of laws. A writer is anyone who creates a written work although the word usually designates those who write creatively or professionally as well as those who have written in many different forms Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos Moshe Dayan's habit of pilfering newly discovered archaeological sites, before arrival of the Antiquities Authority and State-authorized archaeologists, once almost cost him his life and left him with a slight permanent impairment. Shortly after the Six-Day War Dayan heard of a new archaeological find near Holon, due south of Tel Aviv. Holon (חוֹלוֹן, Ḥōlōn is a City in Israel, on the central coastal strip south of Tel Aviv. Not wanting to arouse suspicion, he entered the dig alone, and started to look for artifacts, when suddenly the entire dig caved in upon him, burying him alive. Only a hand remained visible. Shortly thereafter, a group of playing kids passed and saw a human hand protruding from the caved-in hole in the ground. They managed to dig him out alive, but due to possible oxygen deficientcy in his brain, he remained with a speech impairment during the rest of his life, as well as with a partially paralyzed hand. Upon his death, his extensive archaeological collection was sold to the state.
His daughter, Yael Dayan is a novelist. Yaël Dayan (יעל דיין born 2 December 1939) is an Israeli writer and political figure She followed him into politics and has been a member of several Israeli leftist parties over the years. She has served in the Knesset and on the Tel Aviv City Council. For Beit Knesset a Jewish Place of worship, see Synagogue. The Knesset (כנסת lit Tel Aviv-Yafo (תֵּל ־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ تل أبيب Tal ʾAbīb) (usually Tel Aviv) is the second-largest city in Israel
His son, Assi Dayan, is an actor and a movie director. Asaf "Assi" Dayan (born November 23, 1945) is an Israeli film Actor, Producer and Director.
Main article Israel Defense Forces. The history of the Israel Defense Forces is intertwined with history of the establishment of the Find A Grave is a Website allowing its users to access maintain and expand an online Database of Burial records