Moscow Metro Московский метрополитен Moskovsky metropoliten
Locale	City of Moscow, Russia
Transit type	Rapid transit
Began operation	1935
System length	292. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway or metro(politan system is an electric passenger railway 2 km (181. 6 mi)[1]
No. of lines	12
No. of stations	176
Daily ridership	6. 8 million (average)
Track gauge	1,520 mm (4 ft 11⅞ in)
Operator(s)	Moskovsky Metropoliten

Moscow Metro (Russian: Московский метрополитен), which spans almost the entire Russian capital, is the world's most heavily used metro system. The word million In standard English, the -lli- in million is pronounced with an l-sound followed by a Rail gauge is the distance between the inner sides of the two parallel rails that make up a railway track. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of The most-used metro systems in terms of passenger rides per year Tokyo Subway ( Tokyo Metro and Toei Subway) 2 A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway or metro(politan system is an electric passenger railway It is well known for the ornate design of many of its stations, which contain outstanding examples of socialist realist art. A metro station is a railway station for a Rapid transit system often known by names such as "metro" "underground" and "subway" Socialist realism is a teleologically -oriented style of realistic art which has as its purpose the furtherance of the goals of Socialism and Communism

Contents 1 Description of the Metro 2 The lines of the Moscow Metro 2.1 Metro lines 2.2 Notes 3 Ticketing 4 History 4.1 First stage 4.2 Second stage 4.3 Third stage 4.4 Fourth stage 4.5 During the Cold War 4.6 Fares history 4.7 Recent developments 5 The system 5.1 Numbers of Moscow Metro 6 Metro 2 7 Fatal incidents 7.1 Terrorist bombing of 1977 7.2 Station fires of 1981 7.3 Escalator accident of 1982 7.4 Terrorist bombing of 2004 8 Recent events 9 Expansion plans 9.1 Current 9.2 Distant projects 10 See also 11 Further reading 11.1 Citations 12 External links

Description of the Metro

In total, the Moscow Metro has 292. Kiyevskaya (Киевская named for the nearby Kiyevsky Rail Terminal, is a station on the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. 2 km (181. 6 miles) of route length, 12 lines and 176 stations; on a normal weekday it carries over 7 million passengers. Passenger traffic is considerably lower on weekends bringing the average daily passenger traffic during the year to 6. 8 million passengers per day. The Moscow Metro is a state-owned enterprise. A government-owned corporation, state-owned enterprise or government business enterprise is a legal entity created by a Government to undertake commercial

Each line is identified by an alphanumeric index (usually consisting of just a number), a name, and a colour. The voice announcements refer to lines by name, while in colloquial usage they are mostly referred to by colour, except the Lyublinskaya Line (number 10) and the Kakhovskaya Line (number 11) which have been assigned shades of green similar to that of the Zamoskvoretskaya Line (number 2). Lyublinskaya Line (Люблинская линия is the newest line of the Moscow Metro. Kakhovskaya Line (Кахо́вская ли́ния is a line of the Moscow Metro. The Zamoskvoretskaya Line (Замоскворе́цкая ли́ния formerly Gorkovsko-Zamoskvoretskaya (ru Го́рьковско-Замоскворе́цкая is a Most lines run radially through the city, except the Koltsevaya Line (number 5), which is a 20-km-long ring connecting all the radial lines and a few smaller lines outside. The Koltsevaya Line (Кольцева́я ли́ния is the ring line of the Moscow Metro. On all lines, travellers can determine the direction of the train by the gender of the announcer: on the ring line, a male voice indicates clockwise travel, and a female voice counter-clockwise. On the radial lines, travellers heading toward the centre of Moscow will hear male-voiced announcements, and travellers heading away will hear female-voiced announcements. In addition, there is an abundance of signs showing all the stations that can be reached in a given direction.

The system was built almost entirely underground, although some lines (numbers 1, 2 and 4) cross the Moskva River, while line number 1 also crosses the Yauza River by bridge. The Moskva River (Москва is a river that flows through the Moscow and Smolensk Oblasts in Russia, and is a Tributary of the Oka Yauza (Яуза is a river in Moscow, Russia, a left tributary of the Moskva River and its largest tributary within Moscow city limits Less than 10% of the stations are at or above the surface level. The surface sections of the Metro include the western part of Filyovskaya Line continuing as Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya Line between Kievskaya and Molodyozhnaya (eight surface stations), and the Butovskaya Light Metro Line (L1) with 4 elevated stations. Filyovskaya Line (Филёвская линия a line of the Moscow Metro. The Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya Line (Арба́тско-Покро́вская ли́ния is a line of the Moscow Metro. Kiyevskaya (Киевская is a station on the Filovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro (though it was originally part of the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya Line) Butovskaya Light Metro Line (Бутовская линия Лёгкого Метро or BLLM (ru БЛЛМ is a Light Metro line of the Moscow Metro. The other surface stations are Vykhino, Izmaylovskaya and Vorobyovy Gory (the latter is unique in the world being built into a lower level of a bridge). Vykhino (Выхино is a station on Moscow Metro 's Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya Line. Vorobyovy Gory (Воробьёвы го́ры lit Sparrow Hills) is a station on the Sokolnicheskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. There is also an open way between stations Avtozavodskaya and Kolomenskaya (where a new station Technopark is going to be built) and between Tekstil'shiki and Ryazanskiy Prospekt. Kolomenskoye (Коло́менское is a former royal estate situated several miles to the south-east of Moscow downtown on the ancient road leading to the town Technopark (Технопарк is a projected station on the Moscow Metro 's Zamoskvoretskaya Line, between Avtozavodskaya and Kolomenskaya

The Moscow Metro is open from about 5:30 until 1:00 (the opening time may vary at different stations according to first train schedule but all stations close for entrance simultaneously at 1:00). During peak hours, trains run roughly every 90 seconds on most lines. At other times during the day, they run about every two to three and a half minutes, and every six to ten minutes late at night. As trains are so frequent, there is no timetable available to passengers.

The lines of the Moscow Metro

The colours in the table correspond to the colours of the lines in the map above.

Metro lines

Name	Index and colour	Cyrillic Name	First Opened	Latest addition	Length	Stations
Sokolnicheskaya	1	Сокольническая	1935	1990	26. The Sokolnicheskaya Line (Соко́льническая ли́ния formerly Kirovsko-Frunzenskaya (Кировско-Фрунзенская is the first line of 2 km	19
Zamoskvoretskaya	2	Замоскворецкая	1938	1985	36. The Zamoskvoretskaya Line (Замоскворе́цкая ли́ния formerly Gorkovsko-Zamoskvoretskaya (ru Го́рьковско-Замоскворе́цкая is a 9 km	20
Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya	3	Арбатско-Покровская	1938	2008	37. The Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya Line (Арба́тско-Покро́вская ли́ния is a line of the Moscow Metro. 7 km	17
Filyovskaya	4	Филёвская	1958 1	2006	14. Filyovskaya Line (Филёвская линия a line of the Moscow Metro. 7 km	13
Koltsevaya	5	Кольцевая	1950	1954	19. The Koltsevaya Line (Кольцева́я ли́ния is the ring line of the Moscow Metro. 4 km	12
Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya	6	Калужско-Рижская	1958	1990	37. Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya Line (Калу́жско-Ри́жская ли́ния is a line of the Moscow Metro, that originally existed as two separate radial lines Rizhskaya 6 km	24
Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya	7	Таганско-Краснопресненская	1966	1975	35. The Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya (Таганско-Краснопресненская линия (formerly Zhdanovsko-Krasnopresnenskaya Ждановско-Краснопресненская 9 km	19
Kalininskaya	8	Калининская	1979	1986	13. The Kalininskaya Line is a line of the Moscow Metro. Today it is the only line to be named after a figurehead instead of the area that it serves 1 km	7
Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya	9	Серпуховско-Тимирязевская	1983	2002	41. Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya Line (Серпуховско-Тимиря́зевская ли́ния is a line of the Moscow Metro. 5 km	25
Lyublinskaya	10	Люблинская	1995	2007	21. Lyublinskaya Line (Люблинская линия is the newest line of the Moscow Metro. 2 km	12
Kakhovskaya	11	Каховская	1995 2	1969	3. Kakhovskaya Line (Кахо́вская ли́ния is a line of the Moscow Metro. 4 km	3
Butovskaya	L1*	Бутовская	2003	2003	5. Butovskaya Light Metro Line (Бутовская линия Лёгкого Метро or BLLM (ru БЛЛМ is a Light Metro line of the Moscow Metro. 5 km	5
Total:					292. 2 km	176

Notes

¹ – Four central stations of Filyovskaya Line – Komintern (now - Alexandrovsky Sad), Arbatskaya, Smolenskaya and Kiyevskaya – were originally opened in 1935/37, when they were a branch of Sokolnicheskaya Line. Alexandrovsky Sad (Алекса́ндровский сад is a Moscow Metro station on the Filyovskaya Line. Alexandrovsky Sad (Алекса́ндровский сад is a Moscow Metro station on the Filyovskaya Line. Arbatskaya (Арба́тская is a station on the Filyovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. Smolenskaya (Смоленская is a station on the Filyovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. Kiyevskaya (Киевская is a station on the Filovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro (though it was originally part of the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya Line) Between 1938 and 1953, they were part of Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya Line. The stations were closed between 1953 and 1958 and then reopened as part of the (new) Filyovskaya Line.

² – All 3 stations of the Kakhovskaya Line were built in 1969; initially, they were an integral part of the Zamoskovoretskaya Line until 1983, becoming a branch of it until 1995. In 1995, they were split off from the Zamoskovoretskaya Line and used to form the Kakhovskaya Line.

* – L in L1 does not stand for Light Rail but, somewhat confusingly, for "Light Metro" — lines that are built mainly above-ground and with shorter platforms. For specific light rail systems many of which use the words "light rail" as part of their name see List of light-rail transit systems. These lines, as a result, do not need expensive tunnelling and are supposed to be financially "light". However, "light" and "normal" metro lines use interoperable rolling stock. See Butovskaya Light Metro Line for further explanation. Butovskaya Light Metro Line (Бутовская линия Лёгкого Метро or BLLM (ru БЛЛМ is a Light Metro line of the Moscow Metro.

The Moscow Monorail is a 4. The Moscow Monorail Transit System (MMTS (Моско́вская моноре́льсовая тра́нспортная систе́ма (ММТС - is a Monorail 7 km, 6 station monorail line between Timiryazevskaya and VDNKh opened from January 2008. The Moscow Monorail Transit System (MMTS (Моско́вская моноре́льсовая тра́нспортная систе́ма (ММТС - is a Monorail Timiryazevskaya (Тимиря́зевская is a station on the Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. VDNKh (ВДНХ is a station on the Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya Line of the Moscow Metro, named for the nearby All-Russia Exhibition Centre. Before the official opening, the monorail had operated in an "excursion mode" since 2004 till 2008 with trains leave once every 20 minutes with tickets costing four times normal price (50 rubles, ~$2. 10), and hours restricted to 8:00-20:05. Since 2008 intervals were shortened and price has been made equal to the metro ticket price.

Ticketing

Tickets are available for a fixed number of journeys, irrespective of the distance of travel and the number of lines changed. Monthly and yearly tickets are also available. Once a passenger has entered the Metro system, there are no further ticket checks - one can ride any number of stations and make transfers freely. Fare enforcement takes place entirely at the points of entry.

The Moscow Metro used magnetic cards (contact cards) for tickets with a fixed number of journeys (up to 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 60 and 70 journeys for 30 days from the day of the first journey) until Jan, 2008. Currently (Jan, 2008) the cost of 1 ride is 19 roubles (78 US cents), starting with 5 ride cards there are small discounts. Magnetic cards were introduced in 1993 as a test and were used as unlimited tickets between 1996 and 1998. The sale of magnetic cards stopped 16 January, 2008. In January 2007, Moscow Metropolitan began replacing magnetic cards with fixed number of journeys by contactless cards. A smart card, chip card, or Integrated circuit card ( ICC) is any pocket-sized card with embedded integrated Now contactless cards are available for 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 60 journeys versions. Smartcards are being used in Moscow Metro since 1998 and are called Transport Cards. Transport Cards were available as 'unlimited' and 'social' tickets. The unlimited card can be programmed for 30, 90, and 365 days. The social cards are free for elderly people (who are officially registered as residents of Moscow city or Moscow area) and some privileged categories of citizens; they are available to school pupils and students at a heavily reduced price (180 rub. (about 7 US$ for a month without journey limit). Transport Cards were introduced in 1998 along with a new type of magnetic card. The Moscow Metro became the first metro system in Europe to fully implement smartcards on September 1, 1998. A smart card, chip card, or Integrated circuit card ( ICC) is any pocket-sized card with embedded integrated Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) The sale of tokens ended on 1 January 1999 and they stopped being accepted in February 1999. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar)

History

Main articles: History of the Moscow Metro and Expansion timeline of the Moscow Metro

The first plans for a rapid transit system in Moscow date back in the times of the Russian Empire, but they were postponed by the World War I, the October Revolution and the Russian Civil War. The first plans for a Rapid Transit System in Moscow were formed back in the times of the Russian Empire, when the Tsarist administration impressed by their journeys Below is the history of the expansion of the Moscow Metro in Moscow Russia. Mayakovskaya (Маяковская is a famous station on the Zamoskvoretskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The October Revolution (Октябрьская революция Oktyabrskaya revolyutsiya) also known as the Soviet Revolution The Russian Civil War (1917–1923 was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed It was not before June 1931 that the decision to start construction of the Moscow Metro was taken by the Central Committee of the USSR Communist Party. The first lines were built under the 1930s Moscow general plan designed by Lazar Kaganovich, and the Metro and was initially (until 1955) named after him ("Metropoliten im. L. M. Kaganovicha"). ^[2]

First stage

The first line was opened to public on May 15, 1935 at 7am^[3]. The line was 11 km long, and included 13 stations. It connected Sokolniki to Park Kultury with a branch from Okhotny Ryad to Smolenskaya (the first Metro map is available here: [2]). Sokolniki (Соко́льники is a station on the Sokolnicheskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. Park Kultury (Парк Культу́ры lit Park of Culture) is a station on Moscow Metro 's Sokolnicheskaya Line. Okhotny Ryad (Охотный ряд Hunting Row) is a station on the Sokolnicheskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. Smolenskaya (Смоленская is a station on the Filyovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. The latter branch was extended by one station to Kiyevskaya in March 1937 (crossing the Moskva River by the Smolensky Metro Bridge). Kiyevskaya (Киевская is a station on the Filovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro (though it was originally part of the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya Line) The Moskva River (Москва is a river that flows through the Moscow and Smolensk Oblasts in Russia, and is a Tributary of the Oka Smolensky Metro Bridge (Смоленский метромост Metromost) is a steel Arch bridge that spans Moskva River in Dorogomilovo District The construction of the first stations was based on other underground systems, and only a few original designs were allowed: (Krasniye Vorota, Okhotniy Ryad and Kropotkinskaya). Krasniye Vorota (Красные ворота (literally Red Gates, named after the square where the famous monumental archway Red Gates once stood is a station Okhotny Ryad (Охотный ряд Hunting Row) is a station on the Sokolnicheskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. Kropotkinskaya (Кропоткинская is a station on the Sokolnicheskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. Kiyevskaya station was the first to use national motifs.

The Komsomol was awarded the Order of Lenin by Stalin's suggestion on May 14, 1935 for contribution of the Komsomol members to construction of the first Metro stage^[4]. Komsomol (Комсомол is a Syllabic abbreviation word from the Russian Kom munisticheskiy So yuz Mol odiozhi (Коммунистический Design of the decoration The first design of the Order of Lenin was made of silver with

Second stage

The second stage was completed before the war. The Eastern Front of World War II (die Ostfront 1941-1945, der Rußlandfeldzug 1941-1945 (Russian campaign or der Ostfeldzug 1941-1945 (Eastern Campaign In March 1938 the Arbatskaya branch was split in two and extended to Kurskaya station (now the dark-blue Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya Line). Kurskaya (Курская also known as Kurskaya-Radialnaya is a station on the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. The Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya Line (Арба́тско-Покро́вская ли́ния is a line of the Moscow Metro. In September 1938 the Gorkovskaya Line opened between Sokol and Teatralnaya. The Zamoskvoretskaya Line (Замоскворе́цкая ли́ния formerly Gorkovsko-Zamoskvoretskaya (ru Го́рьковско-Замоскворе́цкая is a Sokol (Со́кол meaning "falcon" is the name of a Moscow Metro station on the Zamoskvoretskaya Line. Teatralnaya (Театра́льная is a station on the Zamoskvoretskaya Line of the Moscow Metro, named for the nearby Teatralnaya Square Here the architecture was based on the most popular of the stations already in existence (Krasniye Vorota, Okhotnyi Ryad and Kropotkinskaya) and the compositions followed the popular art deco style, though merging it with socialist visions. The first deep level Column station Mayakovskaya was built at the same time. Mayakovskaya (Маяковская is a famous station on the Zamoskvoretskaya Line of the Moscow Metro.

Third stage

Building work on the third stage was delayed but not interrupted during the World War II, and two Metro sections were put into service: Teatralnaya - Avtozavodskaya (3 stations, crossing the Moskva river in a deep tunnel) and Kurskaya - Partizanskaya (4 stations) were inaugurated in 1943 and 1944 respectively. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Teatralnaya (Театра́льная is a station on the Zamoskvoretskaya Line of the Moscow Metro, named for the nearby Teatralnaya Square Avtozavodskaya (Автозаво́дская lit auto factory) is a station of Zamoskvoretskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. Kurskaya (Курская also known as Kurskaya-Radialnaya is a station on the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. Partizanskaya (Партизанская known until 2005 as Izmailovskiy Park is a station on the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. War motifs replaced socialist visions in the architectural design of the stations.

During the Siege of Moscow, in the autumn and winter of 1941, metro stations were used as air-raid shelters and the Council of Ministers moved its offices to the platforms of Mayakovskaya, where Stalin made public speeches on several occasions. The Battle of Moscow (Битва под Москвой Romanized: Bitva pod Moskvoy, Schlacht um Moskau is the name given by the Soviet historians to the two Chistiye Prudy station was also walled off and the headquarters of the Air Defence installed there. Chistye Prudy (Чи́стые пруды́ or "Clean Ponds" is a Moscow Metro station located on the Sokolnicheskaya Line.

Fourth stage

After the war, construction started on the fourth stage of the Metro, which included the Koltsevaya Line and a deep part of the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya line from Ploshchad Revolyutsii to Kievskaya, and a surface extension to Pervomaiskaya in the early 1950s. The Komsomolskaya (Комсомо́льская station of the Moscow Metro is the most famous of all those on the Koltsevaya Line and of the whole system The Koltsevaya Line (Кольцева́я ли́ния is the ring line of the Moscow Metro. Ploshchad Revolyutsii (Пло́щадь Револю́ции meaning Revolution Square) is one of the most famous stations of the Moscow Metro. Kiyevskaya (Киевская named for the nearby Kiyevsky Rail Terminal, is a station on the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. Pervomayskaya or Pervomaiskaya (Первомайская was a temporary station on the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro in use between 1954 The exquisite decoration and design of so much of the Moscow Metro is considered to have reached its peak in these stations.

The Koltsevaya Line was planned first as a line running under the Sadovoye Koltso (Garden Ring), a wide avenue encircling the borders of Moscow's city centre. The Koltsevaya Line (Кольцева́я ли́ния is the ring line of the Moscow Metro. The Garden Ring, also known as the "B" Ring (Садо́вое кольцо́ кольцо́ "Б" is a Circular Avenue around The first part of the line - from Park Kultury to Kurskaya (1950) - follows this avenue. Park Kultury (Парк культу́ры is a station on the Koltsevaya Line of the Moscow Metro. KurkayaJPG|thumb|left|200px|The transfer "ardour"]]Kurskaya2 But later plans were changed and the northern part of the ring line deviates 1-1. 5 km outside the Sadovoye Koltso, thus providing service for 7 (out of 9) rail terminals. The next part of the Koltsevaya line opened in 1952 (Kurskaya - Belorusskaya) and in 1954 the ring line was completed. Belorusskaya (Белору́сская is a station on the Moscow Metro 's Koltsevaya Line.

There is an interesting urban legend about the origin of the ring line. An urban legend or urban myth is a form of modern Folklore consisting of stories thought to be factual by those circulating them A group of engineers approached Stalin with plans for the Metro, to inform him of current progress and of what was being done at that moment. Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party As he looked at the drawings, Stalin poured himself some coffee and spilt a small amount over the edge of the cup. When he was asked whether or not he liked the project so far, he put his cup down on the centre of the Metro blueprints and left in silence. The bottom of the cup left a brown circle on the drawings. The planners looked at it and realized that it was exactly what they had been missing. Taking it as a sign of Stalin's genius, they gave orders for the building of the ring line, which on the plans was always printed in brown. This legend, of course, may be attributed to Stalin's cult of personality. A cult of personality or personality cult arises when a country's leader uses Mass media to create a heroic public image through unquestioning flattery and praise In fact the line was never shown as a circle on the Metro map until 1980, long after Stalin's death. Prior to this time, the line was depicted much closer to the shape of the actual route.

During the Cold War

The beginning of the Cold War led to the construction of a deep part of the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya Line. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the The Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya Line (Арба́тско-Покро́вская ли́ния is a line of the Moscow Metro. The stations on this line are very deep and were planned as shelters in the event of nuclear war. After finishing the line in 1953, the upper tracks between Ploshchad Revolyutsii and Kiyevskaya were closed and later reopened in 1958 as a part of the Filyovskaya Line. Ploshchad Revolyutsii (Пло́щадь Револю́ции meaning Revolution Square) is one of the most famous stations of the Moscow Metro. Kiyevskaya (Киевская is a station on the Filovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro (though it was originally part of the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya Line) Filyovskaya Line (Филёвская линия a line of the Moscow Metro. In the further development of the Metro, the term "stages" was not used any more, although sometimes the stations opened in 1957–1959 are referred to as the "fifth stage".

During the late 1950s, the architectural extravagance of new metro stations was significantly toned down, and decorations at some stations, like VDNKh and Alexeyevskaya, were greatly simplified compared with original plans. VDNKh (ВДНХ is a station on the Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya Line of the Moscow Metro, named for the nearby All-Russia Exhibition Centre. Alexeyevskaya (Алексе́евская is a station on the Moscow Metro 's Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya Line. This was done on the orders of Nikita Khrushchev, who favoured a more spartan decoration scheme. Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (April 17 1894 – September 11 1971 served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 following A typical layout (which quickly became known as "Sorokonozhka" - "Centipede", which comes from the fact that early designs had 40 concrete columns in two rows) was developed for all new stations, and the stations were built to look almost identical, differing from each other only in colours of the marble and ceramic tiles. Most of these stations were built with simplified, cheaper technologies which were not always quite suitable and resulted in extremely utilitarian design. For example, walls paved with cheap and simplistic ceramic tiles proved to be susceptible to vibrations caused by trains, with some tiles eventually falling off. It was not always possible to replace the missing tiles with the ones of the same color, which eventually led to infamous "variegated" parts of the paving. Not until the mid-1970s the architectural extravagance was restored, and original designs once again became popular. However, newer design of "centipede" stations, with 26 columns with wider ranges between them and more sophisticated, continued to dominate.

Fares history

The cost of journeys has been steadily rising after 1991. Under Soviet control, the cost of a single journey was 5 kopecks, practically a free ride (1/20th of a Soviet ruble - and worth about US $0. The ruble or rouble (in Russian: рубль rubl') is a unit of currency The ruble or rouble (рубль see below for other Soviet languages) was the currency of the Soviet Union. 002 at today's exchange rate^[5], $0. 08 at the Soviet official exchange rate). With the fall of socialism, the price rapidly rose to 1 ruble. The ruble or rouble (рубль rublʹ, plural ru рубли́ rubli; see note on English spelling and Russian plurals with numbers Subsequent inflation caused the price in rubles to rise considerably to the current (2008) 9 to 19 rubles per trip (taking into account the 1998 denomination of the ruble involving a factor of 1000).

Recent developments

Since the turn of the century, several projects have been completed, and more are underway. The first one was the Annino-Butovo extension, which consisted of extending the Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya Line from Prazhskaya to Ulitsa Akademika Yangelya (2000), Annino (2001) and Bulvar Dmitriya Donskogo (2002). Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya Line (Серпуховско-Тимиря́зевская ли́ния is a line of the Moscow Metro. Bulvar Dmitriya Donskogo (Бульвар Дмитрия Донского is the southern terminus and the newest station of the Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya Line of the Afterwards a new elevated Butovskaya Light Metro Line was inaugurated in 2003. Butovskaya Light Metro Line (Бутовская линия Лёгкого Метро or BLLM (ru БЛЛМ is a Light Metro line of the Moscow Metro.

Another major project was the reconstruction of the Vorobyovy Gory station, which initially opened in 1959 was forced to close in 1983 after the concrete used to build the bridge turned out to be defective. Vorobyovy Gory (Воробьёвы го́ры lit Sparrow Hills) is a station on the Sokolnicheskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. After many years, the station was rebuilt anew and re-opened in 2002.

A more recent major project included building a branch off the Filyovskaya Line to the Moscow International Business Centre. Filyovskaya Line (Филёвская линия a line of the Moscow Metro. This included Delovoy Tsentr (2005) and Mezhdunarodnaya, opened in 2006. Vystavochnaya (Выставочная literally "Exhibition" is a station on the Filyovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. Mezhdunarodnaya (Международная literal meaning "international" is a station on the Filyovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro.

After many years of building the long-awaited Lyublinskaya Line extension was inaugurated with Trubnaya in August 2007, with Sretensky Bulvar in December of that year. Lyublinskaya Line (Люблинская линия is the newest line of the Moscow Metro. Trubnaya (Трубная is a station of the Lyublinsko-Dmitrovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. Sretensky Bulvar (Сретенский Бульвар is a station on the Lyublinsko-Dmitrovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro in Russia.

The major Strogino-Mitino extension (see future plans below) began with Park Pobedy in 2003. The Strogino Mitino extension also known as the Strogino-Mition Line (Строгинско-Митинская линия is one of the largest projects that Moscow Metro is The first stations: an expanded Kuntsevskaya and Strogino opened in January 2008. Kuntsevskaya (Кунцевская is a station of the Moscow Metro serving as a Cross-platform transfer between the Filyovskaya and the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya

Newest stations

Strogino (2008)

Sretensky Bulvar (2007)

Trubnaya (2007)

Mezhdunarodnaya (2006)

The system

The Moscow Metro has a broad gauge of 1520 mm, like ordinary Russian railways, and a third rail supply of 825V AC. Strogino (Строгино is the terminus station of the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya Line of the Moscow metro. Sretensky Bulvar (Сретенский Бульвар is a station on the Lyublinsko-Dmitrovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro in Russia. Trubnaya (Трубная is a station of the Lyublinsko-Dmitrovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. Mezhdunarodnaya (Международная literal meaning "international" is a station on the Filyovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. Butovskaya Light Metro Line (Бутовская линия Лёгкого Метро or BLLM (ru БЛЛМ is a Light Metro line of the Moscow Metro. Broad gauge Railways use a Rail gauge (distance between the rails greater than the Standard gauge of. "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. A third rail is a method of providing Electricity to power a railway through a continuous rigid conductor alongside the railway track or between the rails The volt (symbol V) is the SI derived unit of electric Potential difference or Electromotive force. An alternating current ( AC) is an Electric current whose direction reverses cyclically as opposed to Direct current, whose direction remains constant The average distance between stations is 1800 m, the shortest (502 metres) section being between Delovoy Center and Mezhdunarodnaya and the longest (3,413 metres) between Volgogradskiy Prospekt and Tekstilshchiki. Vystavochnaya (Выставочная literally "Exhibition" is a station on the Filyovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. Mezhdunarodnaya (Международная literal meaning "international" is a station on the Filyovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. Volgogradsky Prospekt (Волгоградский Проспект Volgograd Avenue is a station on Moscow Metro 's Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya Line. Tekstilshchiki (Текстильщики is a station on Moscow Metro 's Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya Line. The long distances between stations have the positive effect of a commercial cruising speed of 41. 7 km/h.

Since the beginning of Moscow metro, platforms have been built to be at least 155 m long, so as to accommodate eight-car trains. A railway platform is a section of pathway alongside Rail tracks at a Train station, Metro station or Tram stop, at which passengers may board The only exceptions are certain stations of Filyovskaya line: Delovoi Tsentr, Mezhdunarodnaya, Studencheskaya, Kutuzovskaya, Fili, Bagrationovskaya, Filyovsky Park, Pionerskaya, which only allow six-car trains (note that this list includes all ground-level stations of Filyovskaya line, except Kuntsevskaya). Vystavochnaya (Выставочная literally "Exhibition" is a station on the Filyovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. Mezhdunarodnaya (Международная literal meaning "international" is a station on the Filyovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. Studencheskaya (Студенческая is a surface level station on the Filyovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. Kutuzovskaya (Кутузовская is a Moscow Metro station Fili (Фили is a surface-level station on the Filyovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. Bagrationovskaya (Багратио́новская is a Moscow Metro station located on the surface portion of the Filyovskaya Line. Filyovsky Park (Филёвский парк is a station on the Filyovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. Kuntsevskaya (Кунцевская is a station of the Moscow Metro serving as a Cross-platform transfer between the Filyovskaya and the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya

Trains on lines 2, 6, 7 and 9 consist of eight cars, on lines 1, 3, 8, 10 of seven cars and on lines 4, 5 and 11 of six cars. All cars (both older E-series and newer 81-series) are 19. 6 m long with four doors on either side.

The Moscow Metro train is identical to those used in all other ex-Soviet Metro cities (St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Minsk, Kiev, Kharkov, etc. Saint Petersburg Metro (Петербу́ргский метрополите́н is an underground Rapid transit system in Saint Petersburg, Russia Novosibirsk Metro is a metro system in Novosibirsk, Russia. History River Ob2 The Minsk Metro (Мінскае метро Минское метро is a Rapid-transit system that serves the capital of Belarus, Minsk. The Kiev Metro (Київський метрополітен or Київське метро Киевский метрополитен Киевское метро is a metro The Kharkiv Metro (Харківське метро Харьковское метро is the metro system that serves the city of Kharkiv (Kharkov the second ) and in Budapest, Prague, Sofia and Warsaw. The Budapest Metro (Hungarian Budapesti metró) is the metro system in the Hungarian capital Budapest. The Prague Metro is a subway underground Public transportation network in Prague, Czech Republic. The Sofia Metropolitan (Софийско метро Sofiysko metro) is the underground urban railway network servicing the Bulgarian capital Sofia. The Warsaw Metro (Polish Metro warszawskie) is one of Europe 's newest metro systems and Poland 's first (and the only one so far

Line L1 is called the "Light metro". It was designed to its own standards and has shorter (96 m) platforms. It employs newer Rusich trains, which consist of three articulated cars, but it can also be served by traditional four-car trains. Rolling stock on the Filyovskaya Line is also replaced with four-car Rusich trains.

The Moscow metro comprises 176 stations, of which 72 are deep-level, and 87 are shallow. Of the deep stations, 55 are pylon-type, 16 are column-type and one is "single-vault" (Leningrad technology). The shallow stations comprise 65 of the pillar-type (a large portion of them following the infamous "sorokonozhka" design), 19 "single-vaults" (Kharkov technology) and three single-decked. In addition there are 10 ground-level stations and four above ground. Two of the stations exist as double halls, and two have three tracks. Five of the stations have side platforms (only one of them-subterranean). The station Vorobyovy Gory is on a bridge. Vorobyovy Gory (Воробьёвы го́ры lit Sparrow Hills) is a station on the Sokolnicheskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. Three other metro bridges exist but are covered or hidden. In addition there are two closed stations and one that is derelict.

There are also four stations, reserved for future service: Volokolamskaya of Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya line, Delovoi Tsentr of Kalininskaya and Solntsevskaya lines and Park Pobedy of Solntsevskaya line. Stadion Spartak (Стадион Спартак - Spartak Stadium, former name Volokolamskaya Волоколамская) is an unopened station on the Vystavochnaya (Выставочная literally "Exhibition" is a station on the Filyovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. Besides these, there are two abandoned stations: old Kaluzhskaya and old Pervomayskaya.

Numbers of Moscow Metro

From the official website.

Metro 2

Main article: Moscow Metro 2

Although this has not been officially confirmed, many independent studies suggest that a second, deeper metro system exists under military jurisdiction and was designed for emergency evacuation of key city personnel in case of nuclear attack during the Cold War. Metro-2 in Moscow, Russia is a purported secret underground metro system which parallels the public Moscow Metro. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the It is believed that it consists of a single track and connects the Kremlin, chief HQ (Genshtab), Lubyanka (FSB Headquarters) and the Ministry of Defence, as well as numerous other secret installations. The Moscow Kremlin ( Russian: Московский Кремль Moskovskiy Kreml) usually referred to as simply The Kremlin, is a historic fortified The Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation ( FSB) ( Russian: ФСБ Федера́льная слу́жба безопа́сности Federalnaya There are also entrances to the system from several civilian buildings such as the Russian State Library, Moscow State University (MSU) and at least two stations of the regular metro. Not to be confused with the Russian National Library, located in St Petersburg. It is speculated that these would allow for the evacuation of a small number of randomly chosen civilians, in addition to most of the elite military personnel. The only known junction between the secret system and normal Metro is behind the station Sportivnaya of the Sokolnicheskaya Line. Sportivnaya (Спорти́вная is a Metro station on the Sokolnicheskaya Line in Moscow, Russia. The Sokolnicheskaya Line (Соко́льническая ли́ния formerly Kirovsko-Frunzenskaya (Кировско-Фрунзенская is the first line of The final section of this system was completed in 1997. ^[6])

Fatal incidents

Although the Metro is a complex system, it has a very low rate of accidents. On March 30, 1983, several passengers were killed when two trains collided in the Belorusskaya station on the Koltsevaya Line. Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) Belorusskaya (Белору́сская is a station on the Moscow Metro 's Koltsevaya Line. The Koltsevaya Line (Кольцева́я ли́ния is the ring line of the Moscow Metro. A senior official of the Moscow metro told foreign reporters there had been no accident and that the closing of the station had been due to a breakdown of rolling stock. List of Russian rail accidents includes 1988 Forst Zinna, East Germany - a Soviet tank gets stuck on a level crossing and is hit Rolling Stock was a Newspaper of ideas and a chronicle of the 1980s published in Boulder, Colorado

Terrorist bombing of 1977

On January 8, 1977, a bomb was reported to have killed seven and seriously injured 33. Events 871 - Battle of Ashdown - Ethelred of Wessex defeats a Danish invasion army Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays It went off on a crowded train between Izmailovskaya and Pervomaiskaya stations. ^[7][8][9] Three Armenians were later arrested, charged and executed in connection with the incident. The Armenians (Հայեր Hayer) are a Nation and Ethnic group originating in the Caucasus and in the Armenian Highlands A large

Station fires of 1981

In June 1981, seven bodies were seen being taken out of Oktyabrskaya station during a fire at the station. Oktyabrskaya (Октябрьская ~ October Station is a station on the Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. A fire was also reported at Prospekt Mira station around that time. Prospekt Mira (Проспект Мира ~ Avenue of Peace is a station on the Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. ^[10]

Escalator accident of 1982

Main article: Aviamotornaya

A fatal accident took place on 17 February 1982 due to an escalator collapse at the Aviamotornaya station of the Kalininskaya Line. Aviamotornaya (Авиамоторная is a station on the Kalininskaya line of the Moscow Metro subway system Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) An escalator is a Conveyor transport device for transporting people consisting of individual linked steps that move up or down on tracks which keep the treads Aviamotornaya (Авиамоторная is a station on the Kalininskaya line of the Moscow Metro subway system The Kalininskaya Line is a line of the Moscow Metro. Today it is the only line to be named after a figurehead instead of the area that it serves That day 8 people lost their lives, and 30 more were seriously injured, due to the pile-up caused by the faulty emergency brakes. ^[11]

Terrorist bombing of 2004

On February 6, 2004, an explosion wrecked a train between Avtozavodskaya and Paveletskaya stations on line 2 of the metro, killing 42 and wounding 250. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Avtozavodskaya (Автозаво́дская lit auto factory) is a station of Zamoskvoretskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. Chechen terrorists were immediately blamed. The Chechen Republic (ˈʧɛʧɨn rɪˈpʌblɨk Чече́нская Респу́блика Chechenskaya Respublika; Нохчийн Республика Noxçiyn Respublika Later investigation concluded that a Karachay-Cherkessian resident, an Islamic militant, had committed a suicide bombing. Karachay-Cherkess Republic (Карача́ево-Черке́сская респу́блика Karachay-Balkar: Къарачай-Черкес Республика For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation.

Recent events

On May 25, 2005, a city-wide blackout halted some lines. Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The following lines continued operations: Sokol'nicheskaya, Zamoskvoretskaya from Avtozavodskaya to Rechnoy Vokzal, Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya, Filyovskaya, Kol'tsevaya, Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya from Bitsevskiy Park to Oktyabrskaya-Radialnaya and from Prospekt Mira-Radialnaya to Medvedkovo, Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya, Kalininskaya, Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya from Serpukhovskaya to Altufyevo, Lyublinskaya from Chkalovskaya to Dubrovka. Rechnoi Vokzal (Речной вокзал literally "River Station" is the northernmost station on the Zamoskvoretskaya Line of the Moscow Metro Bitsevsky Park (Би́тцевский парк is the southern terminus of the Moscow Metro 's Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya Line. Oktyabrskaya (Октябрьская ~ October Station is a station on the Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. Prospekt Mira (Проспект Мира ~ Avenue of Peace is a station on the Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. Medvedkovo (Медведково is the northern terminus of the Moscow Metro 's Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya Line. Serpukhovskaya is a station on the Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya Line of the Moscow Metro subway system Altufyevo (Алтуфьево is the northern terminus of the Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya Line of the Moscow Metro, and the northermost station of the entire system Chkalovskya (Чка́ловская is a station in on the Moscow Metro 's Lyublinskaya Line. Dubrovka may refer to Dubrovka Bryansk Oblast, an urban-type settlement in Bryansk Oblast, Russia Dubrovka Leningrad Oblast, an Trains did not run on Kakhovskaya and Butovskaya lines.

On March 19, 2006, a construction pile from an unauthorized billboard installation was driven through the roof of the tunnel hitting a train between the Sokol and Voikovskaya stations on the Zamoskvoretskaya Line. Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Sokol (Со́кол meaning "falcon" is the name of a Moscow Metro station on the Zamoskvoretskaya Line. Voykovskaya (Войковская is a station in the northern part of the Zamoskvoretskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. The Zamoskvoretskaya Line (Замоскворе́цкая ли́ния formerly Gorkovsko-Zamoskvoretskaya (ru Го́рьковско-Замоскворе́цкая is a No injuries were reported. ^[12]

Expansion plans

Current

Official site. As of 2008-2010 metro expansion program.

Presently, the Moscow Metro has a set expansion programme that is due to be completed by 2015. Major projects include:

• Strogino-Mitino extension: The first stage of the extension opened in January 2008. The Strogino Mitino extension also known as the Strogino-Mition Line (Строгинско-Митинская линия is one of the largest projects that Moscow Metro is The second stage will further extend the line to Myakininskaya and Volokolamskaya in 2009 (4. 2 km), part of the track will include a new Metro Bridge across the Moskva River. The Moskva River (Москва is a river that flows through the Moscow and Smolensk Oblasts in Russia, and is a Tributary of the Oka The third and final part will be Mitino itself with two more stations, Mitino and Rozhdestveno and a new depot, to be completed by 2011. Two stations will be left out initially and will later be completed, these are Slavyansky Bulvar (to be completed by May 2008) and Troitse-Lykovo (no date announced yet). Slavyansky Bulvar (Славянский бульвар literally Slavic Boulevard) is a station on the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. Troitse-Lykovo (Троице-Лыково is a future station of the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro.

• Lyublinsko-Dmitrovskaya Line: The long-delayed second and third stages of the line are finally being built. Lyublinskaya Line (Люблинская линия is the newest line of the Moscow Metro. The Second stage will finish with the stations Dostoyevskaya and Marina Roshcha in 2009 (3. 0 km). The Third stage will be the Dmitrovsky Radius which will first open in 2013 with four stations: Sheremetyevskaya, Butyrsky Khutor, Petrovsko-Razumovskaya and Likhobory (8. 0 km) along with a new depot. From there it is expected that another extension will follow though the final positions of the stations have not been confirmed nor their names: Seligerskaya, Yubileynaya, Degunino and Severnaya. This will open after 2015.

• Brateyevo-Zyablikovo extension: A simultaneous project of the Zamoskvoretskaya and Lyublinskaya Lines. The Zamoskvoretskaya Line (Замоскворе́цкая ли́ния formerly Gorkovsko-Zamoskvoretskaya (ru Го́рьковско-Замоскворе́цкая is a Lyublinskaya Line (Люблинская линия is the newest line of the Moscow Metro. The former will extend by one station to Brateyevo (2. 9 km) along with a new depot, and the latter by three: Borisovo, Shipilovskaya and Zyablikovo (4. 3 km), with a transfer point at Krasnogvardeyskaya-Zyablikovo. Krasnogvardeyskaya (Красногварде́йская lit The new stations will considerably relieve the south end of the Zamoskvoretskaya Line. Construction has began back in the late 1990s, but since 2001 was frozen, it is due to be restarted in 2008 with the potential of opening in 2010.

• Zhulebino-Kosino extension. Originally reserved for Light Metro lines, the questionable success of the BLLM, meant that in an attempt to relieve one of the busiest terminus stations of the Perovsky and Tagansky radii (Novogireyevo and Vykhino respectively), both lines would extend by one station beyond the MKAD: Kalininskaya Line to Novokosino in 2011 (3. Butovskaya Light Metro Line (Бутовская линия Лёгкого Метро or BLLM (ru БЛЛМ is a Light Metro line of the Moscow Metro. Novogireevo (Новогиреево is a Moscow Metro station on Kalininskaya Line. Vykhino (Выхино is a station on Moscow Metro 's Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya Line. MKAD is a Beltway encircling the City of Moscow. The name is a transliteration of the Russian word МКАД, an Acronym The Kalininskaya Line is a line of the Moscow Metro. Today it is the only line to be named after a figurehead instead of the area that it serves 2 km) and Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya Line to Zhulebino in 2012 (3. The Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya (Таганско-Краснопресненская линия (formerly Zhdanovsko-Krasnopresnenskaya Ждановско-Краснопресненская Zhulebino (Жулебино is a future eastern terminus on Moscow Metro 's Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya Line. 4 km). Both regions are territorially within the municipality of Moscow but lie outside the Moscow Orbital Highway. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of MKAD is a Beltway encircling the City of Moscow. The name is a transliteration of the Russian word МКАД, an Acronym

• Light Metro lines. Originally developed as a way of reducing costs by building an elevated Metro path that would bring the Metro to distant regions of Moscow, the first, and only one of these, the Butovskaya Light Metro Line has received a fare share of criticism from various sectors. Butovskaya Light Metro Line (Бутовская линия Лёгкого Метро or BLLM (ru БЛЛМ is a Light Metro line of the Moscow Metro. The fate of the BLLM's expansion remains under question, whilst the Solntsevskaya Light Metro Line initially planned to be begin construction in 2004 and be opened in 2006, having eight stations,. However in 2005 the project was altered and two stations were dropped out of its 11. 9 km stretch, and the opening year was revised to 2010. However in 2008 the SLLM project was cancelled altogether in favour of a conventional underground Solntsevskaya Line (see below). The BLLM extensions, also constantly revised and postponed, inlcude constructing an underground extension northwards to Bitsevsky Park which will offer a transfer to the Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya Line (5. Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya Line (Калу́жско-Ри́жская ли́ния is a line of the Moscow Metro, that originally existed as two separate radial lines Rizhskaya 0 km), and a southwards three station extension (also 5. 0 km in length) that would include a new depot: Ulitsa Staropotapovskaya, Ulitsa Ostafyevskya, Novokuryanovo. Presently all of the of the listed BLLM work has been taken off Moscow Metro's priority expansion programme (until 2015), and there are speculations that Moscow Metro might even consider dismantaling the system in favour of a conventional two-three station replacement by the Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya Line. Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya Line (Серпуховско-Тимиря́зевская ли́ния is a line of the Moscow Metro.

• Solntsevskaya Line, following the cancellation of the SLLM, the Moscow Metro reverted to an old project of bringing the Metro to the Solntsevo district outside Moscow. Solntsevskaya Line (Солнцевская линия is a future Moscow Metro line that will see the expansion of the metro to the Solntsevo District in Moscow Solntsevo may refer to Solntsevo District, a district in Western Administrative Okrug, Moscow, Russia Solntsevo (urban-type Initially foreseen as part of a major Solntsevo-Mytischinskaya Chordial Line, the current stretch in question suggests using the second set of tracks at Park Pobedy and then having the line curve out to along the Michurin Avenue with initially four stations: Mosfilmovskaya, Lomonosovsky Prospekt, Michurinsky Prospekt and Olimpiyskaya Derevnya. This is annuounced for 2014, and would appear to be the first stage of the line. The second stage would compromise reaching Solntsevo itself. In the original chordial project this included three stations, although the present plan still calls for the line to follow the Light Metro's path. The project would also allow to expand the line in the other direction junctioning with the Delovoy Tsentr station in Moscow City. Vystavochnaya (Выставочная literally "Exhibition" is a station on the Filyovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. It is unclear what will be the faith of the line afterwards, and whether it will continue its old Chordial path, as there is a project that has replaced it.

• Kalininskaya Line's western extension, has the most probable chance of being realised, the line will extend from Tretyakovskaya to Ostozhenka, Kadashevskaya, reunite the Smolenskaya stations in one single transfer unit, and then continue westwards through the Moscow-City business centre, where an empty set of platforms has already been built, and then along the Khoroshovo Highway. The Kalininskaya Line is a line of the Moscow Metro. Today it is the only line to be named after a figurehead instead of the area that it serves The project is not yet clear how it will pass onto it, but it will eventually dock with Strogino, where a provision for the second parallel station is being constructed right now with the opening of the first station, and annex the line up to Mitino which will be built by then.

• Ghost Stations. Moscow Metro does not have ghost stations in the conventional definition as of the three stations that were closed, two Pervomayskaya (1954-61) and Kaluzhskaya (1964-74), were built as temporary inside a depot, and closed after the parent line extended and one Leninskiye Gory, was built on a bridge, that due to faulty concrete had to be closed and new flyovers built to let the trains by-pass, was rebuilt anew and opened in 2002 as Vorobyovy Gory. Ghost stations is the usual English translation for the German word Geisterbahnhöfe. Pervomayskaya or Pervomaiskaya (Первомайская was a temporary station on the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro in use between 1954 The Old Kaluzhskaya Metro Station (станция метро Калужская was a temporary station of the Moscow Metro on the Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya Line (The Number Vorobyovy Gory (Воробьёвы го́ры lit Sparrow Hills) is a station on the Sokolnicheskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. However there were several stations that were left out, some later completed yet some to this day exist as provisions. The most famous of these was Volokolamskaya, which was actually built but never open due to a lack of need for it. Stadion Spartak (Стадион Спартак - Spartak Stadium, former name Volokolamskaya Волоколамская) is an unopened station on the (Right now it is planned that it might be opened sometime in 2015-2020 after the empty Tushino airfield is re-developed). Tushino (Ту́шино is a former village and town to the north of Moscow, which has been part of the city's area since 1960 Other stations that have high chance of openings are Maroseyka on the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya Line that will offer transfer to Kitay-Gorod, Yakimanka on the Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya Line (transfer to Polyanka) and Suvorovskaya on the Koltsevaya Line that was to be built with Dostoyevskaya but has since been put off until the Third stage of the LDL is complete. The Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya Line (Арба́тско-Покро́вская ли́ния is a line of the Moscow Metro. Kitay-Gorod (Кита́й-го́род is a cross-platform transfer point of the Moscow Metro serving both the Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya Line and Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya Line (Калу́жско-Ри́жская ли́ния is a line of the Moscow Metro, that originally existed as two separate radial lines Rizhskaya The Koltsevaya Line (Кольцева́я ли́ния is the ring line of the Moscow Metro. An exception is Tekhnopark which will be built on the Zamoskvoretskaya Line's surface stretch in 2009, the first station that is wholly sponsored by private investors. Technopark (Технопарк is a projected station on the Moscow Metro 's Zamoskvoretskaya Line, between Avtozavodskaya and Kolomenskaya The Zamoskvoretskaya Line (Замоскворе́цкая ли́ния formerly Gorkovsko-Zamoskvoretskaya (ru Го́рьковско-Замоскворе́цкая is a

Distant projects

It is unknown when and if these will be built, but nonetheless they do exist:

• Chordial Lines Projects for these appeared in the mid-1980s, which called for creating conventional radii lines, but instead of passing through the city centre within the Koltsevaya Line they would bypass them on the outside (see map). The Koltsevaya Line (Кольцева́я ли́ния is the ring line of the Moscow Metro. After four of these were completed, they would be used to form the new Second Ring (see below) service. Construction began only on the Mitino-Butovskaya Line in the early 1980s. The Strogino Mitino extension also known as the Strogino-Mition Line (Строгинско-Митинская линия is one of the largest projects that Moscow Metro is . . In the wake of the 1990s crises, these massive and ambtious projects were abandoned, and instead replaced by more cost-effective means, including the Light Metro lines, and using existent segments. However despite the Mitino-Butovo chord now replaced, the other three still have chances, the Solntsevsky radius of the Solntsevo-Mytishchinskaya Line has now been regenerated in its original path. It is unknown whether it would take its intended shape by crossing up along all the northern radii before travelling to the adjacent city of Mytishchi along the Yaroslav Highway, as there is now a fast connection to Mytishchi via the Sputnik rail link from the Yaroslavsky Rail Terminal, and now a new programme was announced to build a line from Delovoy Tsentr to Savyolovskaya which would effectively duplicate the path. Mytishchi (Мыти́щи mɨ'tʲiɕɕi is the second-largest city (according to the 2002 census) in Moscow Oblast, Russia, adjacent to Yaroslavsky Rail Terminal (Яросла́вский вокза́л Yaroslavsky vokzal) is one of the nine railway terminals in Moscow, situated Vystavochnaya (Выставочная literally "Exhibition" is a station on the Filyovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. Savyolovskaya (Савёловская alternatively spelled Savelovskaya, is a station on Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. The fates of the Balashikha-Troparevskaya (south west bypass) as well as the Khimsko-Lyuberetskaya (north east bypass) chordial lines are unknown.
• Second (large) Ring Possibly the most famous of the projects which dates back to the 1960s, and it does what it says, to build a second ring line.
  • The original 1960s project called for a ring 3-6 stations on the radii distance, and several provisions for the future line were built including free space for the transfer at Bratislavskaya, the whole of the Kakhovskaya Line (originally intended to close following the opening of the Orekhovo extension in 1984, had a flooded tunnel not kept it open since) as well as the segment Cherkizovskaya - Ulitsa Podbelskogo of the Sokolnicheskaya Line (allowing it to in turn expand westwards into Izmaylovo). Bratislavskaya (Братиславская is a station on the Moscow Metro 's Lyublinskaya Line. Kakhovskaya Line (Кахо́вская ли́ния is a line of the Moscow Metro. Cherkizovskaya (Черки́зовская is a station of the Moscow Metro, located on the Sokolnicheskaya Line. Ulitsa Podbelskogo (У́лица Подбе́льского is a station on the Moscow Metro 's Sokolnicheskaya Line. The Sokolnicheskaya Line (Соко́льническая ли́ния formerly Kirovsko-Frunzenskaya (Кировско-Фрунзенская is the first line of [3]
  • During the 1980s chordial line programmes, the ring was instead to be formed out of the space enclosed by them, with a circular service operating at off-peak hours. [4].
  • In 2006 Moscow Metro announced plans for a second transfer contour which would build a line from Delovoy Tsentr to Savyolovskaya on a large diameter that would in the future become fully enclosed into a ring one-three stations away along the radii distance. Vystavochnaya (Выставочная literally "Exhibition" is a station on the Filyovskaya Line of the Moscow Metro. Savyolovskaya (Савёловская alternatively spelled Savelovskaya, is a station on Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya Line of the Moscow Metro.
  • However even the latter project seems to be under question, and in light of the major priority developments in the above sections, it is clear that the second ring is as distant today as it looked 40 years ago.

See also

• 2005 Moscow power blackouts
• List of rapid transit systems
• Moscow Metro 2
• Moscow Metro Ridership Statistics (detailed per-station statistics; Russian Wikipedia)

Further reading

• Oberg, James E. On 25 May 2005, Moscow 's power supplies were the centre of a major incident which resulted in the supply being outed for several hours in many of City of Moscow This is a list of rapid transit systems around the world Such systems are commonly called metros subways elevated railways rapid rail or underground railways Metro-2 in Moscow, Russia is a purported secret underground metro system which parallels the public Moscow Metro. Uncovering Soviet Disasters: Exploring the Limits of Glasnost. New York:Random House, 1988.

Citations

External links

• (Russian) (English) Official website
• (Russian) Metro.ru — Information, history, maps, art
• (Russian) MetroWalks Moscow Photos of all metro stations
• (Russian) Metro.Molot.ru — Lines, stations, plans, articles
• (Russian) Моё Метро ("My Metro") — Stations, cars, links
• (Russian) Metronews — News of Moscow metropolitan
• (Russian) Molnet Metro Map — Dynamic metro map to calculate travel time from A to B
• (English) Moscow Metro
• (Hungarian) 81-717 Pictures about 81-717 type trains
• (English) UrbanRail.Net
• (English) Moscow Metro Photos — "faithful rendering of the decorations of the Moscow metro, through some 450 photos and 27 panoramas"
• (English) KartaMetro.info — Lines, stations, and exits on Moscow map and satellite imagery. Public transportation near metro stations.
• (English) interactive Moscow Subway map with search — finds the best way and time of travel between stations on the map of Moscow metro.

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