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Morgan's Raid
Part of the American Civil War

Map of Morgan's route
Date June 11 – July 26, 1863
Location Tennessee, Kentucky, Indiana, Ohio
Result Union victory
Belligerents
United States of America Confederate States of America
Commanders
Ambrose Burnside,
Henry M. Judah		 John Hunt Morgan
Strength
40,000+ 2,462
Casualties and losses
6,000 prisoners paroled 2,000 prisoners taken

Morgan's Raid was a highly publicized incursion by Confederate cavalry into the Northern states of Indiana and Ohio during the American Civil War. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Tennessee ( is a state located in the Southern United States. The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America. The State of Indiana ( was the 19th US state admitted into the union Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads The Union Army was the army that fought for the Union during the American Civil War. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861 Ambrose Everett Burnside (May 23 1824 September 13 1881 was an American soldier railroad executive inventor industrialist and politician from Rhode Island, Henry Moses Judah ( June 12, 1821 &ndash February 14, 1866) was a career officer in the United States Army, serving during the John Hunt Morgan ( June 1, 1825 &ndash September 4, 1864) was a Confederate General and Cavalry officer in the The War Department was established by the Confederate Congress in an act on February 21, 1861. The Cavalry (from French cavalerie) is the second oldest of the Combat Arms, and as Soldiers or Warriors who fought mounted on The Northern United States is a large geographic region of the United States of America. The State of Indiana ( was the 19th US state admitted into the union Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The raid took place from June 11–July 26, 1863, and is named for the commander of the Confederates, Brig. Gen. John Hunt Morgan. Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Brigadier General is the lowest ranking General Officer in some countries usually sitting between the ranks of Colonel and Major General. John Hunt Morgan ( June 1, 1825 &ndash September 4, 1864) was a Confederate General and Cavalry officer in the

For 46 days as they rode over 1,000 miles (1,600 km), Morgan's Confederates covered a region from Tennessee to northern Ohio. Tennessee ( is a state located in the Southern United States. The raid coincided with the Vicksburg Campaign and the Gettysburg Campaign, although it was not directly related to either campaign. The Vicksburg Campaign was a series of maneuvers and battles in the Western Theater of the American Civil War directed against Vicksburg Mississippi, a The Gettysburg Campaign was a series of battles fought in June and July 1863 during the American Civil War. However, it served to draw the attention of tens of thousands of Federal troops away from their normal duties and strike fear in the civilian population of several Northern states. The Union Army was the army that fought for the Union during the American Civil War. Repeatedly thwarted in his attempts to return to the South by hastily positioned Union forces and state militia, Morgan eventually surrendered what was left of his command in northeastern Ohio. The Southern United States &mdashcommonly referred to as the American South, Dixie, or simply the South &mdashconstitutes a large distinctive The term militia is commonly used today to refer to a military force composed of ordinary Citizens to provide defense emergency law enforcement or Paramilitary service

To many Southerners, the daring expedition behind enemy lines became known as The Great Raid of 1863, and was initially hailed in the newspapers. However, along with Gettysburg and Vicksburg, it was another in a string of defeats for the Confederate army that summer. Some Northern newspapers derisively labeled Morgan's expedition as The Calico Raid, in deference to the raiders' propensity for procuring personal goods from local stores and houses.

Contents

Tennessee and Kentucky

General Morgan and his 2,460 handpicked Confederate cavalrymen, along with a battery of light artillery, departed from Sparta, Tennessee, on June 11, 1863, intending to divert the attention of the Union Army of the Ohio from Southern forces in the state. Artillery (from French artillerie) is a military Combat Arm which employs any apparātus machine Sparta is a city in White County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 4599 at the 2000 census Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes. Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Army of the Ohio was the name of two Union armies in the American Civil War. [1] Gen. Braxton Bragg, the regional Confederate commander, had intended for Morgan's cavalrymen to provide a distraction by entering Kentucky. Braxton Bragg (March 22 1817 &ndash September 27 1876 was a career United States Army officer and then a General in the Confederate States Army, a Morgan, however, confided to some of his officers that he had long desired to invade Indiana and Ohio to bring the terror of war to the North. Bragg had given him carte blanche to ride throughout Tennessee and Kentucky, but under no circumstances was he to cross the Ohio River. The Ohio River is the largest Tributary by volume of the Mississippi River. [2] On June 23, the Federal Army of the Cumberland began its operations against General Bragg's Confederate Army of Tennessee in what became known as the Tullahoma Campaign, and Morgan decided it was time to move northward into Kentucky. Events 1180 - First Battle of Uji, starting the Genpei War in Japan 1305 - The Flemish The Army of the Cumberland was one of the principal Union armies in the Western Theater during the American Civil War. The Army of Tennessee was the principal Confederate army operating between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River during the The Battle of Hoover's Gap was the principal battle fought in the Tullahoma Campaign (also known as the Middle Tennessee Campaign) of the American Civil War The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America.

On July 2, hoping to disrupt Union communication lines, Morgan rode into Kentucky, where admiring citizens openly welcomed his cavalrymen. Events 310 - Pope Miltiades is elected 626 - In fear of assassination Li Shimin ambushes and kills his rival Crossing the rain-swollen Cumberland River at Burkesville, Morgan's division advanced to the Green River, where it was deflected by a Union regiment (the 25th Michigan Infantry) at the Battle of Tebbs Bend on July 4. The Cumberland River is an important waterway in the Southern United States. Burkesville is a city in Cumberland County, Kentucky, United States. A division is a large Military unit or formation usually consisting of around ten to thirty thousand soldiers The Green River is a tributary of the Ohio River that rises in Lincoln County in south-central Kentucky. A regiment is a Military unit, composed of a variable number of Battalions – commanded by a Colonel. The Battle of Tebbs' Bend (or Tebbs Bend or Green River) was fought on July 4, 1863, near the Green River in Taylor County Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples Morgan soon surprised and captured the garrison at Lebanon. The Battle of Lebanon occurred July 5, 1863, in Lebanon Kentucky, during Morgan's Raid in the American Civil War. He trapped 400 men from the 20th Kentucky in the town's railroad depot, but the well fortified building provided considerable protection. In a sharp six-hour fight, Federal troops killed Morgan's youngest brother Thomas during the final charge. Morgan finally captured and paroled the Federal troops.

A grieving Morgan continued northward towards Louisville, riding through Springfield, Bardstown, and Garnettsville. Springfield is a city in Washington County, Kentucky, United States. Bardstown is a city in Nelson County, Kentucky, United States. Along the way, the Confederates endured several more small skirmishes with Federals and Kentucky home guard units. The term militia is commonly used today to refer to a military force composed of ordinary Citizens to provide defense emergency law enforcement or Paramilitary service Just south of the city, however, he turned his remaining men to the northwest and headed for the Ohio River. The Ohio River is the largest Tributary by volume of the Mississippi River.

At Springfield, Morgan sent a detachment north and east of Louisville, with the intention of confusing Union forces as to where Morgan was really heading. This detachment crossed the Ohio River at Twelve Mile Island, but they were captured near New Pekin, Indiana, before they could rejoin Morgan. New Pekin is a town in Pierce and Polk townships Washington County, Indiana, United States. To further mislead the Federals on his objectives, Morgan had his telegrapher, "Lightning" Ellsworth, tap telegraph lines and, pretending to be a Union telegrapher, send several messages giving different headings for the raiders and false reports of the size of Morgan's force — sometimes reporting it as high as 7,000 men. George "Lightning" Ellsworth was a Canadian Telegrapher who served in the Confederate army during the American Civil War, specifically Ellsworth did this throughout the journey, especially in Indiana. [3]

Indiana

Historical marker noting Morgan's activities at Brandenburg, Kentucky, where his forces captured two steamboats, the John B. McCombs and the Alice Dean, before crossing the Ohio River into Indiana
Historical marker noting Morgan's activities at Brandenburg, Kentucky, where his forces captured two steamboats, the John B. Brandenburg is a city in Meade County, Kentucky, United States, along the Ohio River. A steamboat or steamship, sometimes called a steamer, is a ship in which the primary method of propulsion is steam power, typically driving a Propeller McCombs and the Alice Dean, before crossing the Ohio River into Indiana

Morgan had sent spy Thomas Hines and a party of 25 Confederates (posing as a Union patrol) on a secret mission into Indiana in June to determine if the local Copperheads would support or join Morgan's impending raid. The Alice Dean was the name of two separate Steamboats that sailed on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers in the mid-19th century The Ohio River is the largest Tributary by volume of the Mississippi River. The State of Indiana ( was the 19th US state admitted into the union Thomas Henry Hines (October 8 1838 &ndash January 23 1898 was a Confederate spy during the American Civil War. The Copperheads were a vocal group of Democrats in the Northern United States (see also Union (American Civil War) who opposed the American Civil After visiting the local Copperhead leader, Dr. William A. Bowles, Hines learned that no desired support would be forthcoming. He and his scouts were soon identified as actually being Confederates, and, in a small skirmish near Leavenworth, Indiana, Hines had to abandon his men as he swam across the Ohio River under gunfire. Leavenworth is a town in Jennings Township, Crawford County, Indiana, along the Ohio River. He wandered around Kentucky for a week seeking information on Morgan's whereabouts.

By now reduced to 1,800 men, Morgan's main column had arrived on the morning of July 8 at Brandenburg, Kentucky, a small town along the Ohio River, where Hines rejoined them. Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000 Brandenburg is a city in Meade County, Kentucky, United States, along the Ohio River. Here, the raiders seized two steamboats, the John B. A steamboat or steamship, sometimes called a steamer, is a ship in which the primary method of propulsion is steam power, typically driving a Propeller McCombs and the Alice Dean. The Alice Dean was the name of two separate Steamboats that sailed on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers in the mid-19th century Morgan, against Bragg's strict orders, transported his command across the river to Indiana, landing just east of Mauckport. Mauckport is a town in Heth Township, Harrison County, Indiana, along the Ohio River. A small company of Indiana home guards contested the crossing with an artillery piece, as did a riverboat carrying a six-pounder. The term militia is commonly used today to refer to a military force composed of ordinary Citizens to provide defense emergency law enforcement or Paramilitary service | NOTE Throughout this article "cannon" is used as BOTH the || singular and plural A riverboat is Ship designed for Inland navigation. These vessels are usually less sturdy than ships built for the open seas with limited navigational and Morgan chased off the local defenders, capturing a sizeable portion as well as their guns. After burning the Alice Dean and sending the John B. The Alice Dean was the name of two separate Steamboats that sailed on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers in the mid-19th century McCombs downriver with instructions not to pursue him, Morgan headed away from the river.

Governor Oliver P. Morton worked feverishly to organize Indiana's defense, calling for able-bodied men to take up arms and form militia companies. List of Governors of Indiana Territory List of Governors of the State of Indiana Thousands responded and organized themselves into companies and regiments. Col. Lewis Jordan took command of the 450 members of the Harrison County Home Guard (Sixth Regiment, Indiana Legion), consisting of poorly trained civilians with a motley collection of arms. Colonel ( RP ˈkɜnəl GA ˈkɜrnəl is a Military rank of a Commissioned officer, with corresponding ranks existing in almost every country Harrison County is a County located in the south-central part of the U His goal was to delay Morgan long enough for Union reinforcements to arrive.

Maj. Gen. Ambrose Burnside, commander of the Department of the Ohio with headquarters in Cincinnati, Ohio, quickly organized local Federal troops and home militia to cut off Morgan's routes back to the South. Major General or Major-General is a Military rank used in many countries Ambrose Everett Burnside (May 23 1824 September 13 1881 was an American soldier railroad executive inventor industrialist and politician from Rhode Island, The Department of the Ohio was an administrative military district created by the United States War Department early in the American Civil War to administer the troops Morgan headed northward on Mauckport Road, with another brother, Col. Richard Morgan, leading the forward elements. On July 9, one mile south of Corydon, the county seat of Harrison County, his advance guard encountered Jordan's small force, drawn in a battle line behind a hastily thrown up barricade of logs. Events 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Corydon is a town in Harrison Township, Harrison County, Indiana, United States and a former capital of the State of Indiana A county seat is a term for an Administrative center for a County, primarily used in the United States. A barricade is any object or structure that creates a barrier or obstacle to control block passage or force the flow of Traffic in the desired direction The colonel attacked, and in a short but spirited battle of less than an hour, he simultaneously outflanked both Union wings, completely routing the hapless militia. In Military tactics, a flanking maneuver, also called a flank attack, is an attack on the sides of an opposing force Accounts vary as to the number of casualties of the Battle of Corydon, but the most reliable evidence suggests that 4 of Jordan's men were killed, 10-12 were wounded, and 355 were captured. The Battle of Corydon took place July 9, 1863, in Harrison County Indiana, during Morgan's Raid in the American Civil War. Morgan counted 11 dead and 40 wounded raiders. Among the dead Federals was the civilian toll keeper who perished near his tollgate. Raiders killed a Lutheran minister on his farm, four miles (6 km) from the battlefield and stole horses from several other farmers. Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther In Christian churches, a minister is someone who is authorized by a church or religious organization to perform clergy functions such as teaching of beliefs A farmer is a person who raises living organisms for food or raw materials

General Morgan led his division into Corydon, where he paroled his demoralized prisoners and ransomed the town for cash and supplies. Morgan's soldiers then traveled east and reached Vienna on July 10, where they burned a railroad bridge and depot, and tapped a telegraph line. Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. After spending the night in Lexington, they headed to the northeast, terrorizing the small towns along the way, including Vernon, Dupont, New Pekin, Salem, and Versailles. Dupont is a town in Lancaster Township, Jefferson County, Indiana, United States. New Pekin is a town in Pierce and Polk townships Washington County, Indiana, United States. Salem is a city in Washington Township, Washington County, Indiana, United States. Versailles (pronounced ver-sales) is a town in Johnson Township, Ripley County, Indiana, United States.

In Versailles a group of freebooters invaded the local Masonic Lodge and lifted the Lodge's silver coin jewelry. Versailles (pronounced ver-sales) is a town in Johnson Township, Ripley County, Indiana, United States. Morgan, himself a Mason, ordered the Jewels returned and punished the thievery of his own men.

On July 11, while crossing Blue River near New Pekin, Confederate Capt. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. William J. Davis and some of his men were captured by 73rd Indiana Infantry and a detachment of the 5th U. S. Regulars. Davis and several other soldiers were taken to New Albany and secured in the county jail. New Albany (nuː ˈɑlbəni is a city in Floyd County, Indiana, United States, situated along the Ohio River opposite Louisville Kentucky

Entering Salem the next day, Morgan immediately took possession of the town and placed guards over the stores and streets. His cavalrymen burned the large brick depot, along with all the railcars on the track and the railroad bridges on each side of town. They demanded taxes from area flour and grist mills. After looting stores and taking about $500, they departed in the afternoon. Morgan finally left Indiana at Harrison, closely pursued by Federal cavalry. West Harrison is a town in Harrison Township, Dearborn County, Indiana, United States.

Ohio

The Confederates entered Ohio on July 13, destroying bridges, railroads, and government stores. Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Morgan's Raid spread terror across southern and central Ohio, and wild rumors persisted as to his destination. Harper's Weekly, a leading Northern newspaper, reported:

The raid of the rebel Morgan into Indiana, which he seems to be pursuing with great boldness, has thoroughly aroused the people of that State and of Ohio to a sense of their danger. Harper's Weekly ( A Journal of Civilization) was an American political Magazine based in New York City. On 13th General Burnside declared martial law in Cincinnati, and in Covington and Newport on the Kentucky side. All business is suspended until further orders, and all citizens are required to organize in accordance with the direction of the State and municipal authorities. There is nothing definite as to Morgan's whereabouts; but it is supposed that he will endeavor to move around the city of Cincinnati and cross the river between there and Maysville. The militia is concentrating, in obedience to the order of Governor Tod.

– Harper's Weekly, July 25, 1863

Sidestepping Burnside's forces that protected Cincinnati, Morgan decided to head for the southern tip of Ohio, where there was a ford at Buffington Island that would allow him to cross over into Kentucky. Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Buffington Island is an Island in the Ohio River in Jackson County, West Virginia, United States, east of Racine Ohio Burnside correctly guessed Morgan's intentions. Federal columns under Edward H. Hobson and Henry M. Judah and river gunboats swiftly converged to contest any river crossing. Edward Henry Hobson (July 11 1825 &ndash September 14 1901 was a merchant banker politician tax collector railroad executive and an officer in the United States Army Henry Moses Judah ( June 12, 1821 &ndash February 14, 1866) was a career officer in the United States Army, serving during the A gunboat is literally a Boat carrying one or more Guns The term is rather broad and the usual connotation has changed over the years (sometimes encompassing Burnside also sent a militia regiment from Marietta, Ohio, to hold the ford until the Federal forces could arrive. Marietta is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Washington County. Morgan arrived on the evening of July 18, but decided not to attack the militia in the gathering darkness. Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, It proved to be a mistake.

By morning, the cavalry and gunboats had arrived, blocking Morgan's escape route. At the subsequent Battle of Buffington Island, Union troops won a decisive victory and captured 750 of Morgan's men, including his brother Richard and noted cavalryman Col. The Battle of Buffington Island, also known as the St Georges Creek Skirmish, was an American Civil War engagement in Meigs County Ohio, on Basil W. Duke. Basil Wilson Duke (May 28 1838 &ndash September 16 1916 was a Confederate General officer during the American Civil War, most noted for his service Cut off from safety by the Union gunboats, Morgan and his remaining cavaliers headed northeast, still within Ohio. A second attempt at crossing twenty miles (32 km) upriver (opposite Belleville, West Virginia) also failed, with several of Morgan's men drowning in the swirling river as the gunboats and Union cavalry again drove off the raiders. Col. Adam "Stovepipe" Johnson and over 300 raiders did escape into West Virginia and safety, but General Morgan chose to remain on the Ohio side with the rest of his dwindling force. He was turned away at skirmishes in Gallia County at Coal Hill and Hockingport, losing more of his force. Gallia County (pronunciation GAL-yuh) is a County located in the state of Ohio, United States.

As Morgan with 400 remaining men headed away from the river into the interior of southern Ohio, he paused at Nelsonville, a small town on the Hocking Canal. Nelsonville is a city in northwestern Athens County, Ohio, United States. The Hocking Canal was a small 19th Century Canal in southern Ohio that once linked Athens to Lancaster and the Ohio and Erie His men burned ten wooden canal boats and set a covered bridge ablaze to slow their pursuers. A covered bridge is a Bridge, often single-lane with enclosed sides and a roof However, as soon as Morgan's raiders rode off, citizens rushed to save the burning span. Two hours later, Union cavalry arrived, delighted to find that the townspeople had prepared a feast for them.

Morgan's Raiders enter Washington, Ohio
Morgan's Raiders enter Washington, Ohio

With his men somewhat rested on Weaver's homestead near Triadelphia on the 22nd of July, and guided down Island Run by young John Weaver who was held hostage, Morgan forded the broad Muskingum River at Eaglesport, just south of Zanesville, before turning northward in Guernsey County. The Muskingum River is a tributary of the Ohio River, approximately 111 miles (179 km long in southeastern Ohio in the United States. Zanesville is a city in and the County seat of Muskingum County, Ohio, United States. Guernsey County is a County located in the state of Ohio. As of 2000 the population was 40792 He still hoped to cross the Ohio River at some point and head through West Virginia to safety. At the village of Old Washington, Morgan's weary men fought a skirmish in the streets before hastily departing, pursued by Union cavalry under Brig. Old Washington is a village in Guernsey County, Ohio, United States. Gen. James M. Shackelford. On July 26, Union forces defeated Morgan at the Battle of Salineville and finally caught him that afternoon near West Point in Columbiana County. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus The Battle of Salineville occurred July 26, 1863, near Salineville Ohio during Morgan's Raid in the American Civil War. Lisbon is a village in Center Township, Columbiana County, Ohio, United States. | seat wl = Lisbon | largest city wl = East Liverpool | area_total_sq_mi =535 | area_land_sq_mi =532 | area_water_sq_mi =3 | area percentage = 0 They escorted Morgan and his officers to the Ohio Penitentiary in Columbus, rather than to a prisoner-of-war camp because of reports that captured Union officers had received similar treatment. The prison variously referred to as the Ohio Penitentiary, or the Ohio State Penitentiary, or (informally the Ohio Pen or State Pen, operated in Columbus is the Capital and the largest city of the US state of Ohio. A prisoner-of-war camp is a site for the containment of enemy combatants captured by the enemy in time of war and is similar to an Internment camp which is used for civilian Many of his enlisted men ended up in the Camp Douglas stockade in Chicago. Camp Douglas was a Union training camp and later Prisoner-of-war camp in Chicago Illinois, USA during the American

The general and six officers made a daring escape on November 27 by tunneling from an air shaft beneath their cells into the prison yard and scaling the walls. Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont [4] Only two of Morgan's men were recaptured, and he and the rest soon returned to the South. Morgan was killed less than a year later in Tennessee by a Union cavalryman while surrendering.

Impact

During his daring raid, Morgan and his men captured and paroled about 6,000 Union soldiers and militia, destroyed 34 bridges, disrupted the railroads at more than 60 places, and diverted tens of thousands of troops from other duties. He spread terror throughout the region, and seized thousands of dollars worth of supplies, food, and other items from local stores, houses, and farms. Since the timing somewhat coincided with the Gettysburg Campaign and raids towards Pittsburgh by John D. Imboden's cavalry, many assumed at the time that Morgan's Raid was part of a coordinated effort to threaten the Ohio River commerce and spread the war to the North. The Gettysburg Campaign was a series of battles fought in June and July 1863 during the American Civil War. John Daniel Imboden ( February 16, 1823 &ndash August 15, 1895) was a lawyer teacher Virginia state legislator Few in the North realized that Morgan's adventure was a violation of his orders and had nothing to do with Robert E. Lee's simultaneous movement into Pennsylvania. Robert Edward Lee (January 19 1807 &ndash October 12 1870 was a career United States Army officer, an Engineer, and among the most celebrated The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern

In Ohio alone, approximately 2,500 horses were stolen and nearly 4,375 homes and businesses were raided. Morgan's Raid cost Ohio taxpayers nearly $600,000 in damages and over $200,000 in wages paid to the 49,357 Ohioans called up to man 587 companies of local militia. [5]

To Morgan's men, the long raid had accomplished much, despite their military defeat and high casualties. Col. Basil Duke later wrote, "The objects of the raid were accomplished. General Bragg's retreat was unmolested by any flanking forces of the enemy, and I think that military men, who will review all the facts, will pronounce that this expedition delayed for weeks the fall of East Tennessee, and prevented the timely reinforcement of Rosecrans by troops that would otherwise have participated in the Battle of Chickamauga. "[6]

Memorialization

Kentucky and Indiana have well-marked John Hunt Morgan Heritage Trails that allow tourists to follow the route of Morgan's Raid through their states, along with websites and written tour guides. [7] Ohio's plans for a similar formal trail have not yet come to fruition, but the state has erected more than 100 separate historical markers commemorating specific actions or towns visited by the raiders. [8] In November 2001, the state placed a John Hunt Morgan historical marker on the site of the Ohio State Penitentiary, remembering his imprisonment and daring escape. [9] An equestrian statue of General Morgan was erected and dedicated in 1910 in downtown Lexington, Kentucky. The John Hunt Morgan Memorial in Lexington Kentucky, is a tribute to Confederate General John Hunt Morgan, who was from Lexington and is buried in nearby Lexington Lexington (officially Lexington-Fayette Urban County is the second-largest city in Kentucky and the 68th largest in the United States. [10]

References

Notes

  1. ^ Official Records
  2. ^ Kelsey, page 323; Official Records. The Official Records of the American Civil War or often more simply the Official Records or ORs, constitute the most extensive collection of Primary sources
  3. ^ Mosgrove account in SHSP
  4. ^ Ohio Historical Society
  5. ^ Harper, page 23.
  6. ^ Duke, page 460.
  7. ^ Indiana's John Hunt Morgan Heritage Trail
  8. ^ Ohio's plans for a Morgan trail
  9. ^ Ohio Historical Society
  10. ^ Morgan's Men Association; Photo of dedication of Morgan monument

External links

Further reading

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