| Morarji Desai | |
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| In office 24 March 1977 – 15 July 1979 |
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| President | Basappa Danappa Jatti and Neelam Sanjiva Reddy |
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| Preceded by | Indira Gandhi |
| Succeeded by | Choudhary Charan Singh |
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| In office 21 August 1967 – 26 March 1970 |
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| Preceded by | T. T. Krishnamachari |
| Succeeded by | Indira Gandhi |
| In office 15 August 1959 – 29 May 1964 |
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| Preceded by | Jawaharlal Nehru |
| Succeeded by | T. T. Krishnamachari |
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| Born | 29 February 1896 Bhadeli, Bombay Presidency, British India |
| Died | April 10, 1995 (aged 99) New Delhi, India |
| Political party | Congress (up to 1969), Congress(O) (1969-1977), Janata Party |
| Occupation | Civil servant, Activist |
| Religion | Hindu |
Morarji Ranchhodji Desai (Hindi: मोरारजी देसाई) (February 29, 1896 – April 10, 1995) was an Indian independence activist and the Prime Minister of India from 1977-79. The Prime Minister of India is head of the Council of Ministers, appointed by the President to assist the latter in the administration of the affairs of the executive Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) Basappa Danappa Jatti ( Kannada:ಬಸಪ್ಪ ದಾನಪ್ಪ ಜತ್ತಿ)(September 10 1912–June 7 2002 was born to Kannada family at Neelam Sanjiva Reddy (నీలం సంజీవ రెడ్డి) ( May 19 1913 - June 1 1996) was an Indian statesman Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi ( Indirā Priyadarśinī Gāndhī) ( Née: Nehru (19 November 1917 - 31 October 1984 was the Prime Minister of the Chaudhary Charan Singh (23 December 1902 &ndash 29 May 1987 was the seventh Prime Minister of the Republic of India serving from 28 July 1979 until 14 January 1980 The Finance Minister of India is a Cabinet position in the Government of India. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan. Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Tiruvellore Thattai Krishnamachariar ( 1899 - 1974) was the Indian Finance Minister from 1956 - 1958 and from 1964 - Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi ( Indirā Priyadarśinī Gāndhī) ( Née: Nehru (19 November 1917 - 31 October 1984 was the Prime Minister of the Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian defeats the Sassanid army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. Jawaharlal Nehru (जवाहरलाल नेहरू ʤəʋäɦəɾläl nɛɦɾu (14 November 1889 27 May 1964 was a major political leader of the Congress Party Tiruvellore Thattai Krishnamachariar ( 1899 - 1974) was the Indian Finance Minister from 1956 - 1958 and from 1964 - Leap years Although the modern calendar counts a year as 365 days a complete revolution around the sun takes approximately 365 days and 6 hours Year 1896 ( MDCCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year The Bombay Presidency was a former province of British India. For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British Events 879 - Louis III becomes King of the Western Franks. 1407 - the lama Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 New Delhi (नई दिल्ली ਨਵੀਂ ਦਿੱਲੀ نئی دلی is the Capital city of India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Janata Party (जनता पार्टी People's Party in Hindi) was an Indian Political party that contested the Indian Emergency See also Bureaucrat The term civil service has two distinct meanings Branch of governmental service in which individuals are hired on the basis Activism, in a general sense can be described as intentional action to bring about social or political change A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is Leap years Although the modern calendar counts a year as 365 days a complete revolution around the sun takes approximately 365 days and 6 hours Year 1896 ( MDCCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 879 - Louis III becomes King of the Western Franks. 1407 - the lama Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 This is a listing of people who campaigned against or are considered to have campaigned against foreign domination and cultural imposition on the Indian sub-continent The Prime Minister of India is head of the Council of Ministers, appointed by the President to assist the latter in the administration of the affairs of the executive He was the first Indian Prime Minister who did not belong to the Indian National Congress. Indian National Congress-I (also known as the Congress Party and abbreviated INC) is a major Political party in India. He is the only Indian to receive the highest civilian awards from both India and Pakistan, namely the Bharat Ratna and Nishaan-e-Pakistan. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Bharat Ratna (translates to Jewel of India or Gem of India in English) is India 's highest Civilian award, awarded for the The Nishan-e-Pakistan is the highest of civil awards and decorations given by the Government of Pakistan for the highest degree of service to the state
Contents |
Early life
Morarji Desai was born into an Anavil Brahmin family in Bhadeli, Valsad in Bombay Presidency (now in Gujarat). Indian National Congress-I (also known as the Congress Party and abbreviated INC) is a major Political party in India. The Bombay Presidency was a former province of British India. Anavil Brahmin is one of the sub-castes of Brahmin Caste. Anavil Brahmins are from and the majority of them are still located in the area including Brahmin ( Brāhmaṇa, sa ब्राह्मणः is the class of educators scholars and preachers in Brahminical Hinduism. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Valsad, also known as Bulsar, is a city and a Municipality in the Valsad district The Bombay Presidency was a former province of British India. After graduating from Wilson College, Mumbai, he joined the civil service in Gujarat. Wilson College is a degree college affiliated to the University of Mumbai in Mumbai. Gujarat (ગુજરાત Gujǎrāt, pronounced) is a state in western India. Later, he left the service of the British in 1924 and joined the civil disobedience movement against British rule in India in 1930. Civil disobedience is the active refusal to obey certain Laws demands and commands of a Government, or of an occupying power, without resorting to physical The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He spent many years in jail during the freedom struggle and owing to his sharp leadership skills and tough spirit, he became a favourite amongst freedom-fighters and an important leader of the Indian National Congress in Gujarat. The term " Indian independence movement " is diffuse incorporating various national and regional campaigns agitations and efforts of both Nonviolent and Militant Indian National Congress-I (also known as the Congress Party and abbreviated INC) is a major Political party in India. Gujarat (ગુજરાત Gujǎrāt, pronounced) is a state in western India. When provincial elections were held in 1934 and 1937, Desai was elected and served as the Revenue Minister and Home Minister of the then Bombay Presidency. Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Bombay Presidency was a former province of British India.
In government
Before the independence of India, he became Bombay's Home Minister and later was elected as Chief Minister of Bombay in 1952. The State of Bombay is a former state of India. During British rule, portions of the western coast of India under direct British rule were part of the Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The state was home to Marathi linguistic movements, with calls for the creation of a separate linguistic state. Considered as a tough leader, Desai was also known for pioneering beliefs and enforcing strict discipline and authority and thus possessed a radical mindset. By Desai's orders in 1960, a demonstration by the Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti was fired upon by the police resulting in the deaths of 105 demonstrators. Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti ( Marathi: संयुक्त महाराष्ट्र समिति roughly translated as United Maharashtra Committee, was 105 demonstrators were killed in the incident leading to public outrage that shook the central government. The incident led to the formation of the present State of Maharashtra.
As Home Minister, Desai outlawed any portrayals of indecency (which included "kissing" scenes) in films and theatrical productions. Although a staunch Gandhian, Desai was socially conservative, pro-business, and in favour of free enterprise reforms, as opposed to Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru's socialistic policies. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi ( Gujarati: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી moɦən̪d̪äs kəɾəmʧən̪d̪ gän̪d̪ʱi (2 October 1869 – 30 January Jawaharlal Nehru (जवाहरलाल नेहरू ʤəʋäɦəɾläl nɛɦɾu (14 November 1889 27 May 1964 was a major political leader of the Congress Party
Rising in Congress leadership, Desai was at odds with Prime Minister Nehru and his allies, and with Nehru's age and health failing, he was considered as a possible contender for the position of Prime Minister. Outflanked in the leadership contest after Nehru's death in 1964 by the Nehruvian Lal Bahadur Shastri, Desai remained content to build support within the ranks. Lal Bahadur Shastri ( Hindi लालबहादुर शास्त्री (2 October 1904 - 11 January 1966 was the third (second and acting being Gulzarilal Nanda
After Shastri's death in 1966, he contested for Prime Minister and fought a closely-contested election with Indira Gandhi. Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi ( Indirā Priyadarśinī Gāndhī) ( Née: Nehru (19 November 1917 - 31 October 1984 was the Prime Minister of the Desai obtained 169 votes but lost to Indira Gandhi who garnered 351.
Split of 1969
Initially Desai stayed out of the Cabinet, biding his time. As the young Indira Gandhi s government became embroiled in controversy following a poor harvest, currency devaluation, and rising disenchantment in the country, Desai's influence grew in strength and he returned to the Cabinet in 1967. Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. He demanded the powerful position as the Minister for Home Affairs, but he settled for the Ministry for Finance, with the added title of Deputy Prime Minister. The Deputy Prime Minister of India is a member of the Indian cabinet in the Indian government. Relations between Desai and the young Prime Minister were strained at best.
In 1969, Indira Gandhi and her allies engineered a major schism in the Congress Party, and her leftist supporters within the Congress Party formed the Congress (R), later to become the Congress (I) Party. Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Desai and the rest of the Congress establishment cohered to form the Congress (O) Party. But in the General Elections held in 1971, the Congress (O) was drubbed owing to Indira Gandhi's popularity. Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar.
When Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was convicted in June 1975 of wrongfully using government machinery for election work and corruption, Desai joined Jaya Prakash Narayan in organising mass protests throughout the country calling for her resignation. Jayaprakash Narayan ( Devanāgarī: जयप्रकाश नारायण October 11, 1902 - October 8, 1979) widely known In a show of intolerance towards any sort of opposition, Indira Gandhi declared Emergency and had all the opposition leaders including Desai arrested. Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi ( Indirā Priyadarśinī Gāndhī) ( Née: Nehru (19 November 1917 - 31 October 1984 was the Prime Minister of the See also State of Emergency in India The Indian Emergency of June 1975–21st March 1977 was a 21-month period when President
When Indira called for elections in January 1977, many opposition groups, including the Congress (O), joined with longtime rivals, regional parties and blocs of rival ideologies to form the Janata Party. The Janata Party (जनता पार्टी People's Party in Hindi) was an Indian Political party that contested the Indian Emergency It won 356 seats, close to 2/3 majority, and for the first time since independence, the dominance of the ruling Congress Party was broken. Morarji Desai finally came into office as the Prime Minister when Jaiprakash Narayan picked him as the man most likely to keep the coalition united.
At the time, he was 81 years old but still healthy and vigorous, without any particular ailments.
Prime Minister
Desai led a fractious coalition government, and thus failed to achieve much owing to continuous in-wrangling and much controversy. With no party in leadership of the coalition, rival groups vied to unseat Desai. Controversial trials of prominent Congress leaders, including Indira Gandhi over Emergency-era abuses worsened the fortunes of his administration. Desai worked to improve relations with neighbour and arch-rival Pakistan and restored normal relations with China, for the first time since the 1962 war. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The Sino-Indian War ( Hindi: भारत-चीन युद्ध Bhārat-Chīn Yuddh) also known as the Sino-Indian Border Conflict, was a war between He communicated with Zia-ul-Haq and established friendly relations and diplomatic relations were also re-established with China. General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq ( Arabic: محمد ضياء الحق) (b China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National His government undid many amendments made to the constitution during emergency and made it difficult for any future government to impose national emergency.
Since India's first nuclear test in 1974, Desai kept India's nuclear reactors stating "they will never be used for atomic bombs, and I will see to it if I can help it". [1] In 1977, the Carter administration sold India, heavy water and uranium for its nuclear reactors but required American on-site inspection of nuclear materials. James Earl "Jimmy" Carter Jr (born October 1 1924 was the thirty-ninth President of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981 and the recipient of the 2002 Heavy water is water which contains a higher proportion than normal of the Isotope Deuterium, as deuterium oxide, D2O or ²H2O Uranium (jʊˈreɪniəm is a silvery-gray Metallic Chemical element in the Desai declined, seeing the American stance as contradictory, in light of its own nuclear arsenal. [2]
Retirement and death
In 1979, Charan Singh pulled out of the Janata Party, forcing Desai to resign from office and retire from politics at the age of 83. Chaudhary Charan Singh (23 December 1902 &ndash 29 May 1987 was the seventh Prime Minister of the Republic of India serving from 28 July 1979 until 14 January 1980 Desai campaigned for Janata Party in 1980 General Election as a senior politician but did not contest the election himself.
In retirement, he lived in Bombay, and died at the age of 99. Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial He had been honoured much in his last years a freedom-fighter of his generation.
Kanti Desai, Morarji Desai's son, was often falsely criticized for being corrupt and using his father's name as an influence. During Desai's retirement, the family was wrongfully evicted from their apartment in Mumbai by a court order issued by Justice Chandrachud.
Morarji Desai was a strict follower of Mahatma Gandhi's principles and a moralist. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi ( Gujarati: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી moɦən̪d̪äs kəɾəmʧən̪d̪ gän̪d̪ʱi (2 October 1869 – 30 January Moralism is the firm belief that humans are instilled with morals which govern themselves and by following these morals humans can achieve a more meaningful life than they would if
Feud with RAW
Morarji Desai had described the RAW as the praetorian guard of Indira Gandhi and had promised to stop all activities of the RAW after becoming prime minister. B. Raman, the former head of the Counter-Terrorism Division of India's external intelligence agency, the Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW),reveals that, in an unguarded moment, Indian prime minister Morarji Desai indiscreetly told Pakistani President Zia ul-Haq that he was aware of Islamabad's nuclear schemes. Research and Analysis Wing ( RAW or R&AW) is India 's external Intelligence agency.
Auto urine therapy
Morarji Desai practised "auto urine therapy" (drinking one's own urine) to keep fit. In an interview, he stated that he was afflicted with piles in his 40s and was advised to try out drinking shivambu. (shiv=holy, ambu=water; in the therapy, urine is called 'shivambu'. ) He felt benefits of the therapy within a week, and was soon completely cured. He continued the therapy for the rest of his life and argued for its curative effects on health.
Social Service
Morarji Desai was a true Gandhian follower, social worker, institution builder and a great reformer. He was the Chancellor of Gujarat Vidyapith (university established by Mahatma Gandhi). Even during his term as the Prime Minister he used to visit and stay at Vidyapith during the month of October. He exemplified simplicity and used to write post cards himself even when he held the office of Prime Minister. Sardar Patel deputed him to conduct meetings of farmers in Kaira district which finally led to the establishment of the AMUL Cooperative movement. During his rule, he withdrew intervention in Public Distribution System and rationing shops were literally lost due to cheap sugar and oil available in the market.
References
External links
- Moraji Desai Biography
- The Return of the Rosebud TIME - Jan 28, 1966
| Preceded by Jawaharlal Nehru |
Finance Minister of India 1959–1964 |
Succeeded by Tiruvellore Thattai Krishnamachariar |
| Preceded by Tiruvellore Thattai Krishnamachariar |
Finance Minister of India 1967–1970 |
Succeeded by Indira Gandhi |
| Preceded by Indira Gandhi |
Prime Minister of India 1977–1979 |
Succeeded by Choudhary Charan Singh |
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