A monument is a statue, building, or other edifice created to commemorate a person or important event. They are frequently used to improve the appearance of a city or location. Cities that are planned such as Washington D.C., New Delhi and Brasília are often built around monuments. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D New Delhi (नई दिल्ली ਨਵੀਂ ਦਿੱਲੀ نئی دلی is the Capital city of India. Brasília (bɾaˈziliɐ is the Capital of Brazil. The city and its District are located in the Central-West region of the country along a Plateau The Washington Monument's location (and vertical geometry, though not physical detail) was conceived to help organize public space in the city before it was ever connected with George Washington. The Washington Monument is a large tall sand-colored Obelisk near the west end of the National Mall in Washington D George Washington (February 22 1732 December 14 1799 served as the first President of the United States of America (1789&ndash1797 and led the Older cities have monuments placed at locations that are already important or are sometimes redesigned to focus on one. As Shelley suggested in his famous poem "Ozymandias" ("Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!"), the purpose of monuments is very often to impress or awe. Percy Bysshe Shelley (August 4 1792 – July 8 1822 ˈpɝːsɪ ˈbɪʃ ˈʃɛlɪ was one of the major English Romantic poets and is widely considered to be among In English the word "monumental" is often used in reference to something of extraordinary size and power. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The word comes from the Latin "monere," which means 'to remind' or 'to warn. '
Functional structures made notable by their age, size or historic significance can also be regarded as monuments. This can happen because of great age and size, as in the case of the Great Wall of China, or because an event of great import occurred there such as the village of Oradour-sur-Glane in France. The Great Wall of China ( or ( is a series of stone and earthen Fortifications in China, built rebuilt and maintained between the 6th century BC and the 16th Oradour-sur-Glane (Orador de Glana is a town and commune in the Haute-Vienne département of central-western France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.
Monuments are also often designed to convey historical or political information. They can be used to reinforce the primacy of contemporary political power, such as the column of Trajan or the numerous statues of Lenin in the Soviet Union. Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus, commonly known as Trajan ( September 18 53 &ndash August 9 117) was a Roman Emperor who The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 They can be used to educate the populace about important events or figures from the past, such as in the renaming of the old General Post Office Building in New York City to the James A. Farley Building (James Farley Post Office), after former Postmaster General James Farley. The James A Farley Building, New York City 's General Post Office, is located at 421 Eighth Avenue, between 31st Street and 33rd James Aloysius "Jim" Farley ( May 30, 1888 &ndash June 9, 1976) was an American Politician, business executive
Monuments have been created for thousands of years, and they are often the most durable and famous symbols of ancient civilizations. The Egyptian Pyramids, the Greek Parthenon, and the Moai of Easter Island have become symbols of their civilizations. Ancient Egypt was an Ancient Civilization in eastern North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now A pyramid is a Building where the upper surfaces are triangular and converge on one point The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca The Parthenon ( Ancient Greek:) is a temple of the Greek goddess Athena, built in the 5th century BC on the Athenian Acropolis Moai (or mo‘ai) (ˈmoʊаɪ are Monolithic human figures carved from rock on the Polynesian island of Rapa Nui (Easter Island In more recent times, monumental structures such as the Statue of Liberty and Eiffel Tower have become iconic emblems of modern nation-states. Liberty Enlightening the World (La liberté éclairant le monde commonly known as the Statue of Liberty (Statue de la Liberté was presented The Eiffel Tower (Tour Eiffel /tuʀ ɛfɛl/ is an Iron Tower built The term monumentality relates to the symbolic status and physical presence of a monument.
Until recently, it was customary for archaeologists to study large monuments and pay less attention to the everyday lives of the societies that created them. Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos New ideas about what constitutes the archaeological record have revealed that certain legislative and theoretical approaches to the subject are too focused on earlier definitions of monuments. The archaeological record is a term used in Archaeology to denote all archaeological evidence, including the physical remains of past human activities which Archaeologists An example has been the United Kingdom's Scheduled Ancient Monument laws. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located In the United Kingdom, a Scheduled Monument is a 'nationally important' Archaeological site or historic building given protection against unauthorised change
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Famous Monuments
Argentina
Brazil
- Cantareira Station, Niterói
- Carioca Aqueduct, Rio de Janeiro
- Cristo Redentor (Christ the Redeemer), Rio de Janeiro
- MAC (Museu de Arte Contemporânea), Niterói
- National Congress of Brazil, Brasília
- Quinta da Boa Vista, Rio de Janeiro
Chile
- Monumento a Hernando de Magallanes, Punta Arenas
England
- Castle Hill, Huddersfield
- Monument tube station & Monument to the Great Fire of London
- Nelson's Column (London)
Italy
United States
- Statue of Liberty (New York Harbor)
- Liberty Bell (Philadelphia)
- Independence Hall (Philadelphia)
- Washington Monument (Washington, D.C.)
- Lincoln Memorial (Washington, D.C.)
- Jefferson Memorial (Washington, D.C.)
- Vietnam Memorial (Washington, D.C.)
- Mount Rushmore (South Dakota)
- Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historic Site (Kentucky)
- General Grant National Memorial (New York City)
- Stone Mountain (Georgia)
- Monument Avenue (Richmond, Virginia)
- Monument Valley
- Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument (newest & largest marine protected area in the world)
International
- Seven Wonders of the World
Types of monuments
- Buildings designed as iconic landmarks
- Church monuments to commemorate the dead, above or near their grave, often featuring an effigy
- Cenotaphs and memorials to commemorate the dead, usually war casualties - e. The Patagones or Patagonian giants are a mythical race of people who first began to appear in early European accounts of the then little-known region and coastline In Architecture, Construction, Engineering and real estate development the word building may refer to one of the following Any man-made A church monument is an architectural or sculptural Memorial to a dead person or persons located within a Christian church An effigy is a representation of a person especially in the form of Sculpture. A cenotaph is a tomb or a Monument erected in honour of a person or group of persons whose remains are elsewhere A memorial is an object which serves as a memory of something usually a person (who has died or an event g. Vimy Ridge Memorial and India Gate
- Columns, often topped with a statue - e. The Canadian National Vimy Memorial is a Canadian National Historic Site and one of Canada 's most important overseas war memorials. The India Gate is one of the largest War memorials in India. Situated in the heart of New Delhi, India Gate is prominent landmark in Delhi A column in Structural engineering is a vertical structural element that transmits through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural g. Nelson's Column in London
- Grave stones constitute small monuments to a dead person
- Mausoleums and tombs to inter the dead - e. Nelson's Column is a Monument in Trafalgar Square, London, England. A headstone, tombstone or gravestone is a marker normally carved from stone, placed over or next to the site of a Burial A mausoleum ( plural: mausolea is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the interment space or burial chamber of a deceased person or persons For the New York prison see The Tombs. A Tomb is a repository for the remains of the dead. g. the Great Pyramid and Taj Mahal
- Monoliths erected for religious or commemorative purposes - e. The Great Pyramid of Giza, also called Khufu's Pyramid or the Pyramid of Khufu, and Pyramid of Cheops, is the oldest and largest of the three The Taj Mahal (tɑdʒ A monolith is a geological feature such as a Mountain, consisting of a single massive stone or rock or a single piece of rock placed as or within a monument g. Stonehenge
- Obelisks usually erected to commemorate great leaders - e. Stonehenge is a Prehistoric Monument located in the English county of Wiltshire, about west of Amesbury and north of Salisbury An obelisk (from Greek ὀβελίσκος - obeliskos, diminutive of ὀβελός - obelos, "spit nail pointed pillar" g. the Washington Monument
- Statues of famous individuals or symbols - e. The Washington Monument is a large tall sand-colored Obelisk near the west end of the National Mall in Washington D A statue is a Sculpture in the round representing a person or persons an animal or an event normally full-length as opposed to a bust, and at least close to life-size g. Statue of Liberty
- Terminating vista, layout design for urban monuments
- Triumphal arches, almost always to commemorate military successes - e. Liberty Enlightening the World (La liberté éclairant le monde commonly known as the Statue of Liberty (Statue de la Liberté was presented In Urban design, a terminating vista is a Building or Monument that stands at the end or in the middle of a Road, so that when one is looking A triumphal arch is a structure in the shape of a monumental Archway, in theory built to celebrate a victory in war actually used to celebrate a ruler g. the Arc de Triomphe
- Entire areas established as memorials to commemorate wartime atrocities or notably bloody battles - e. The Arc de Triomphe is a monument in Paris, France that stands in the centre of the Place Charles de Gaulle also known as the Place de l'Étoile. g. Oradour-sur-Glane or the battlefields at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania and Borodino
- On occasion, monuments also refer to areas of special natural beauty
See also
- List of monuments in the United States
- Memorial
- National memorial
- National monument
- National Monuments Record the public archive of English Heritage, holds data on England's monuments
External links
Oradour-sur-Glane (Orador de Glana is a town and commune in the Haute-Vienne département of central-western France. Gettysburg is a borough 38 miles (68 km south by southwest of Harrisburg in Adams County, Pennsylvania, USA, of which it is the Borodino (Бородино is a Village in Moscow Oblast, Russia, 12 km southwards of Mozhaysk. The Arch of Constantine (Italian Arco di Costantino is a Triumphal arch in Rome, situated between the Colosseum and the Palatine Hill. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus (27 February ca. 272 &ndash 22 May 337 commonly known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine This is a list of Monuments (statue building or other edifice created to commemorate a person or important event in the United States. A memorial is an object which serves as a memory of something usually a person (who has died or an event National Memorial is a designation in the United States for a Protected area that commemorates a historic person or event The National Monuments Record (NMRis the public Archive of English Heritage, located in Swindon. English Heritage is a Non-departmental public body of the United Kingdom government ( Department for Culture Media and Sport) with a broad remit ofDictionary
monument
-noun
- A structure built for commemorative or symbolic reasons, or as a memorial; a commemoration.
- An important site owned by the community as a whole.
- An exceptionally or prideful achievement.
- An important burial vault or tomb.
- A legal document.
- A surveying reference point marked by a permanently fixed marker (a survey monument).
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