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For other uses, see Montserrat (disambiguation).
Montserrat
Flag of Montserrat Coat of arms of Montserrat
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: "God Save the Queen"
Location of Montserrat
Capital Plymouth 1
Brades (de facto)
16°45′N 62°12′W / 16.75, -62.2
Official languages English
Government British Overseas Territory
 -  Queen Elizabeth II
 -  Governor Peter Andrew Waterworth
 -  Chief Minister Lowell Lewis
British overseas territory
 -  British control established 1632 
Area
 -  Total 102 km² (219th)
39 sq mi 
 -  Water (%) negligible
Population
 -  July 2005 estimate 4,488 2 (216th)
GDP (PPP) 2002 estimate
 -  Total $29 million (not ranked)
 -  Per capita $3,400 (not ranked)
HDI  n/a (unranked) (n/a)
Currency East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Time zone (UTC-4)
Internet TLD .ms
Calling code +1 664
1 Abandoned in 1997 following a volcanic eruption. The Flag of Montserrat was adopted on 10 April 1909. It is a Blue Ensign with the Union Flag in the canton and the The Coat of Arms of Montserrat was first adopted in 1909 The Arms consist of a shield featuring a lady in green representing Erin, the female personification A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history traditions and struggles of its people recognized either by a nation's "God Save the Queen", or "God Save the King", is an anthem used in a number of Commonwealth realms It is the National Plymouth was the Capital as well as the only port of entry to Montserrat, an Overseas territory of the United Kingdom located in the Brades (or Brades Estate; approx pop 1000 is the De facto Capital of Montserrat, and is in the Carr's Bay/Little Bay vicinity An official language is a Language that is given a special legal status in a particular Country, State, or other territory English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. The British Overseas Territories are fourteen territories that are under the Sovereignty of the United Kingdom, but which do not form part of the United Kingdom TalkCommonewalth realm.--> The monarchy For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II History In 2003, a petition signed by 200 people in Montserrat called upon the British government to sack the resident Governor at that time Anthony Longrigg The Chief Minister of Montserrat is the Head of government of Montserrat, an island in the Caribbean which is currently an overseas territory The Honourable Lowell Lyttleton Lewis (born August 18, 1952) is the current Chief Minister of Montserrat. The British Overseas Territories are fourteen territories that are under the Sovereignty of the United Kingdom, but which do not form part of the United Kingdom Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. To help compare sizes of different geographic regions we list here Areas between 10 km² (1000 Hectares and 100 km² (10000 hectares This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by total area. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. In Mathematics, a percentage is a way of expressing a number as a Fraction of 100 ( per cent meaning "per hundred" In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology List of countries by population in 2005|List of countries by population in 1907This is a list of countries ordered according to Population. The purchasing power parity ( PPP) theory uses the long-term equilibrium Exchange rate of two currencies to equalize their Purchasing power. There are three lists of Countries of the world sorted by their Gross domestic product (GDP (the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head with Per meaning 'through' or 'by' This article includes three lists of Countries of the world sorted by their Gross domestic product (GDP at Purchasing power parity (PPP Per capita The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP This is a list of countries by Human Development Index as included in the United Nations Development Program 's Human Development Report 2007 A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is The East Caribbean dollar ( Currency code XCD) is the Currency of eight of the nine members of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States ISO 4217 is the International standard describing three-letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established A country This is a list of country calling codes defined by ITU-T recommendation E Government buildings are currently located in Brades, making it the de facto capital. Brades (or Brades Estate; approx pop 1000 is the De facto Capital of Montserrat, and is in the Carr's Bay/Little Bay vicinity
2 An estimated 8,000 refugees left the island following the resumption of volcanic activity in July 1995; some have returned.

Montserrat (pronounced /ˌmɒntsəˈræt/) is a British overseas territory located in the Leeward Islands, part of the chain of islands called the Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean Sea. The British Overseas Territories are fourteen territories that are under the Sovereignty of the United Kingdom, but which do not form part of the United Kingdom The Leeward Islands are the northern islands of the Lesser Antilles chain of islands part of the West Indies. The Lesser Antilles, also known as the Caribbees, are part of the Antilles, which together with the Bahamas and Greater Antilles form the For the region see Caribbean. The Caribbean Sea (kəˈrɪbiən or /ˌkærɨˈbiːən/ is a tropical Sea in the Western Hemisphere It measures approximately 16 km (10 miles) long and 11 km (7 miles) wide, giving 40 kilometres (25 mi) of coastline. [1] Montserrat was given its name by Christopher Columbus on his second voyage to the New World in 1493, after its namesake located in Catalonia. Christopher Columbus (1451 &ndash May 20 1506 was an Italian Navigator, colonizer This is the mountain in Catalonia For other uses see Montserrat (disambiguation. Catalonia (Cataluña Catalunya Aranese: Catalonha) is an Autonomous Community in the northeast part of Spain. Montserrat is often referred to as the Emerald Isle of the Caribbean, due both to its resemblance to coastal Ireland and to the Irish descent of most of its early European settlers. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world

Its Georgian era capital city of Plymouth was destroyed and two-thirds of the island's population forced to flee abroad by an eruption of the previously dormant Soufriere Hills volcano that began on July 18, 1995. The arts Especially during the mid-18th century the period was marked by cultural vibrancy with the establishment of the British Museum in 1753 and the contributions Plymouth was the Capital as well as the only port of entry to Montserrat, an Overseas territory of the United Kingdom located in the The Soufrière Hills volcano ( French "Sulphur" Hills is an active complex Stratovolcano with many lava domes forming its summit on Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 [2] The eruption continues today on a much reduced scale, the damage being confined to the areas around Plymouth including its docking facilities and the former W.H. Bramble Airport. WH Bramble Airport, also known as Blackburne Airport, was a small international Airport on the east coast of the island of Montserrat, a British An exclusion zone extending from the south coast of the island north to parts of the Belham Valley has been closed because of an increase in the size of the existing volcanic dome. This zone includes St. George's Hill which provided visitors with a spectacular view of the volcano and the destruction it has wrought upon the capital. A new airport at Gerald's in the northern part of the island opened in 2005. Gerald's Airport is a small international Airport located on the island of Montserrat, a British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean. The village of Brades currently serves as the de facto center of government. Brades (or Brades Estate; approx pop 1000 is the De facto Capital of Montserrat, and is in the Carr's Bay/Little Bay vicinity

Contents

History

Main article: History of Montserrat

Montserrat was populated by Arawak and Carib people when it was claimed by Christopher Columbus on his second voyage for Spain in 1493, naming the island Santa María de Montserrate, after the Blessed Virgin of the Monastery of Montserrat, which is located on the Mountain of Montserrat, in Catalonia. The term Arawak (from aru, the Lokono word for Cassava flour was used to designate the Amerindians encountered by the Spanish in Cariban languages Carib, Island Carib or Kalinago people after whom the Caribbean Sea was named live in the Lesser Antilles islands Christopher Columbus (1451 &ndash May 20 1506 was an Italian Navigator, colonizer Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. This is the mountain in Catalonia For other uses see Montserrat (disambiguation. Catalonia (Cataluña Catalunya Aranese: Catalonha) is an Autonomous Community in the northeast part of Spain. The island fell under English control in 1632 when a group of Irish fleeing anti-Roman Catholic sentiment in Saint Kitts and Nevis settled there. The Kingdom of England was a State (927-1707 located in Western Europe dating from the ninth or tenth century to the early eighteenth century when it was legally Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world The Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis (also known as the Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis) located in the Leeward Islands, is a federal two-island The import of slaves, common to most Caribbean islands, mainly coming from West Africa, followed during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and an economy based on sugar, rum, arrowroot and Sea Island cotton was established. Slavery is a social-economic system under which certain persons — known as slaves — are deprived of personal freedom and compelled to perform labour or services West Africa or Western Africa is the Westernmost Region of the African Continent. Sugar is a class of edible Crystalline substances mainly Sucrose, Lactose, and Fructose. Rum is a Distilled beverage made from Sugarcane by-products such as Molasses and sugarcane Juice by a process of fermentation Arrowroot, or obedience plant ( Maranta arundinacea) is a large perennial Herb of genus Maranta found in Rainforest Pima cotton ( Gossypium barbadense) also known as Extra Long Staple South American Creole Sea Island cotton Egyptian Algodon pais and West Indische katoen Cotton is a soft staple Fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant ( Gossypium sp

In 1782, during the American Revolutionary War, Montserrat was briefly captured by France. In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. It was returned to the United Kingdom under the Treaty of Paris which ended that conflict. The Treaty of Paris, signed on September 3, 1783, and approved by the Congress of the Confederation on January 14, 1784, formally A failed slave uprising on 17 March 1798 led to Montserrat later becoming one of only four places in the world that celebrates St Patrick's Day as a public or bank holiday (the others being the Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland and the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador). Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Year 1798 ( MDCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Saint Patrick's Day (Lá ’le Pádraig or Lá Fhéile Pádraig) colloquially St Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Newfoundland and Labrador (ˈnuːfɨn(dlənd ən(d ˈlæbrəˌdɔr (Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador is a province of Canada, the tenth and latest to join the Confederation Slavery was finally abolished in Montserrat in 1834, presumably as a result of the general emancipation of slaves within the British Empire in that same year.

Falling sugar prices during the nineteenth century had an adverse effect on the island's economy and in 1869 the philanthropist Joseph Sturge of Birmingham formed the Montserrat Company to buy sugar estates that were no longer economically viable. Joseph Sturge ( 1793 - May 14, 1859) son of a farmer in Gloucestershire, was an English Quaker and founder of the The company planted limes starting production of the island's famous lime juice, set up a school, and sold parcels of land to the inhabitants of the island, with the result that much of Montserrat came to be owned by smallholders. [3]

From 1871 to 1958 Montserrat was administered as part of the Federal Colony of the Leeward Islands, becoming a province of the short-lived West Indies Federation from 1958 to 1962. The Leeward Islands are the northern islands of the Lesser Antilles chain of islands part of the West Indies. The West Indies Federation, also known as the Federation of the West Indies, was a short-lived Caribbean Federation that existed from January 3 1958

A Montserrat sunset.
A Montserrat sunset.
Montserrat's coastline.
Montserrat's coastline.

With the completion of Beatles producer George Martin’s AIR Studios Montserrat in 1979, the island attracted world-famous musicians who came to record in the peace and quiet and lush tropical surroundings of Montserrat. The Beatles were a pop and rock band from Liverpool, England formed in 1960 Sir George Henry Martin CBE (3 January 1926 is a British record producer arranger and Composer. Associated Independent Recording (AIR, an independent recording company was founded in London in 1965 by Beatles producer George Martin and his partner [4] The last several years of the 20th century, however, brought two events which devastated the island.

In September 1989, Hurricane Hugo struck Montserrat with full force, damaging over 90 percent of the structures on the island. Hurricane Hugo was a destructive Category 5 Hurricane that struck Guadeloupe, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, St AIR Studios closed, and the tourist trade upon which the island depended was nearly wiped out. Within a few years, however, the island had recovered considerably—only to be struck again by disaster.

Volcano eruption from space, looking south from the northern tip of the island
Volcano eruption from space, looking south from the northern tip of the island

In July 1995, Montserrat's Soufriere Hills volcano, dormant throughout recorded history, rumbled to life and began an eruption which eventually buried the island's capital, Plymouth, in more than 40 feet (12 m) (12 m) of mud, destroyed its airport and docking facilities, and rendered the southern half of the island uninhabitable. The Soufrière Hills volcano ( French "Sulphur" Hills is an active complex Stratovolcano with many lava domes forming its summit on This forced more than half of the population to flee the island because they lacked housing. After a period of regular eruptive events during the late 1990s including one on June 25, 1997 in which 19 people lost their lives, the volcano's activity in recent years has been confined mostly to infrequent ventings of ash into the uninhabited areas in the south. Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Volcanic ash consists of small Tephra, which are bits of pulverized rock and glass created by volcanic eruptions less than in diameter However, this ash venting does occasionally extend into the populated areas of the northern and western parts of the island. As an example, on May 20, 2006, the lava dome that had been slowly building collapsed, resulting in an ashfall of about an inch (2. Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. 5 cm) in Old Towne and parts of Olveston. There were no injuries or significant property damage.

View of the dome of Montserrat's Soufriere Hills Volcano, taken from MVO (April 2007).
View of the dome of Montserrat's Soufriere Hills Volcano, taken from MVO (April 2007).
Montserrat's Soufriere Hills Volcano.
Montserrat's Soufriere Hills Volcano.

Long referred to as "The Emerald Isle of the Caribbean" for both its Irish heritage and its resemblance to coastal Ireland, Montserrat today remains lush and green. A new airport, opened officially by the Princess Royal Princess Anne in February 2005, received its first commercial flights on July 11, 2005, and docking facilities are in place at Little Bay where a new capital is being constructed out of reach of any further volcanic activity. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

The people of Montserrat were granted full residency rights in the United Kingdom in 1998, and citizenship was granted in 2002. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located

Primary schools

Parishes

Main article: Parishes of Montserrat

Montserrat is divided into three parishes:

Villages

Geography

Map of Montserrat
Map of Montserrat
Main article: Geography of Montserrat

The island of Montserrat is located approximately 480 km (300 miles) east-southeast of Puerto Rico and 48 km (30 miles) Southwest of Antigua. Montserrat is divided into three Parishes: Saint Anthony Parish Saint Georges Parish Saint Peter A parish is a Local church; it is an administrative unit typically found in episcopal or presbyterian churches Saint Anthony is one of Montserrat 's three administrative parishes. Saint Georges is one of Montserrat 's three administrative parishes. Saint Peter is one of Montserrat 's three administrative parishes. Brades (or Brades Estate; approx pop 1000 is the De facto Capital of Montserrat, and is in the Carr's Bay/Little Bay vicinity Plymouth was the Capital as well as the only port of entry to Montserrat, an Overseas territory of the United Kingdom located in the Location Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, southeast of Puerto Rico Geographic coordinates: Map references Puerto Rico (ˌpwertoˈriko officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ("Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico" {{lang-en|"Associated Free State of Puerto Rico"}} Antigua (ænˈtiːgə an-TEE-gah) is an Island in the West Indies, in the Leeward Islands in the Caribbean region the main It comprises only 104 km² (40 square miles) and is increasing gradually owing to volcanic deposits on the southeast coast of the island; it is 16 km (10 miles) long and 11 km (7 miles) wide, with dramatic rock faced cliffs rising 15 to 30 m (50-100 feet) above the sea and smooth bottomed sandy beaches scattered among coves on the west side of the island. A cove is a circular or Oval Coastal Inlet with a narrow entrance Montserrat has been a quiet haven of extraordinary scenic beauty and near perfect climate.

Montserrat has only two islets: Little Redonda and Virgin. For human anatomy see Islets of Langerhans An islet is a small Island.

The Soufrière Hills or Montserrat volcano is an active complex stratovolcano with many lava domes forming its summit on this island of Montserrat. The Soufrière Hills volcano ( French "Sulphur" Hills is an active complex Stratovolcano with many lava domes forming its summit on After a long period of dormancy it became active in 1995, and eruptions have continued up to the present. The last eruption was in July 2003.

Economy

Main article: Economy of Montserrat

It was formerly the home of a branch of George Martin's AIR Studios (and other amenities) that made the island popular with working and vacationing musicians and other celebrities, celebrities often went there to record their songs in the recording studios. Severe volcanic activity which began in July 1995 has affected the small Economy of Montserrat. Sir George Henry Martin CBE (3 January 1926 is a British record producer arranger and Composer. Associated Independent Recording (AIR, an independent recording company was founded in London in 1965 by Beatles producer George Martin and his partner

Famous Montserratians

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of Montserrat

Population: 8,400 (2002 estimate)

Note: an estimated 8,000 refugees left the island following the resumption of volcanic activity in July 1995; few have returned. Population 8400 (2002 estimate note an estimated 8000 refugees left the island following the resumption of volcanic activity in July 1995 many have returned Pre-eruption population was 13,000 in 1994.

Age structure:

Median age:

Population growth rate: 4. 5% (2003 est. )

Birth rate: 17. 57 births/1,000 population (2003 est. )

Death rate: 7. 34 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est. )

Net migration rate: 195. 35 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2000 est. )

Sex ratio:

Infant mortality rate:

Life expectancy at birth:

Total fertility rate: 1. 8 children born/woman (2003 est. )

HIV/AIDS—adult prevalence rate: NA%

HIV/AIDS—people living with HIV/AIDS: NA

HIV/AIDS—deaths: NA

Nationality:

Ethnic groups: black, white—mainly of mixed Irish and African descent

Religions: Anglican, Methodist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal, Seventh-Day Adventist, other Christian denominations

Languages: English

Literacy:

Culture

Main article: Culture of Montserrat
See also: Music of Montserrat

Cricket is a popular sport in Montserrat. Montserrat is a dependency of the United Kingdom. The influence of Irish traditions is apparent in Montserrat's symbols and heritage especially the Set dance -like Although not many players from Montserrat have played for West Indies they are in fact eligible to play for the West Indies Cricket Team. The West Indian cricket team, also known colloquially as The Windies or The West Indies, is a multi-national Cricket team representing Jim Allen was the first to play for West Indies and he represented the World Series Cricket West Indians. James Charles "Jim" Allen (born 15 August 1951 is a former Montserratian first-class Cricketer who represented the World Series Cricket West Indians World Series Cricket (WSC was a break away professional Cricket competition staged between 1977 and 1979 and organised by Kerry Packer for his Australian television No other player from Montserrat has gone on to represent West Indies.

Montserrat has its own FIFA Affiliated Football Team, and has twice competed in the World Cup qualifiers. The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (French for International Federation of Association Football) The Montserrat national football team represents the small Caribbean island of Montserrat in the CONCACAF football region A field for the team was built near the airport by FIFA. The Montserrat team are currently tied for 201st place in the FIFA world rankings with seven other teams, including American Samoa and Guam. In 2002, the team competed in a friendly with the second-lowest-ranked team in FIFA at that time, Bhutan, in The Other Final- the same day as the final of the 2002 World Cup. The Bhutan national football team is the national team of Bhutan and is controlled by the Bhutan Football Federation. The Other Final is a 2003 Documentary film, directed by Johan Kramer, about a football match between Bhutan The 2002 FIFA World Cup, the 17th staging of the World Cup, was held in South Korea and Japan from May 31 to June 30. Bhutan won 4-0.

Miscellaneous topics

Operation Montserrat

Currently, American and British elementary and middle school students are eligible to participate in an Operation Montserrat live simulation. This article concerns communications in Montserrat. Montserrat possesses a number of communications systems including mobile and main line Telephone, Radio Antilles was a radio station founded in 1963 located on the Caribbean island of Montserrat. Railways 0 km Highways total 269 km paved 203 km unpaved 66 km (1995 Waterways none Ports and harbours Montserratian British' people are citizens or resident of the United Kingdom whose ethnic origins lie fully or partially in the Caribbean island and This is a videoconference program based on events of 1996 in which a hurricane approaches and a volcanic eruption occur nearly at the same time. The students are responsible for rescuing all of the people. In the weeks leading up to this, they practice the skills they need in their classroom. [5]

References

  1. ^ Montserrat CIA World Factbook, 19 September, 2006. Retrieved 1 October 2006. Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
  2. ^ Montserrat Volcano Observatory Retrieved 2 October 2006. Events 1187 - Siege of Jerusalem: Saladin captures Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader rule Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
  3. ^ Commonwealth Secretariat website: Montserrat. Retrieved 30 January 2007. Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain
  4. ^ George Martin Music: Montserrat
  5. ^ e-Mission: Operation Montserrat The Operation Montserrat website. Retrieved 1 May 2007

External links

Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide.

Dictionary

Montserrat

-proper noun

  1. Overseas territory of the United Kingdom; placed in the Caribbean. Official name: Montserrat.
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