Montmartre is a hill which is 130 metres high, and also the name of the surrounding district, in the north of Paris in the 18th arrondissement, a part of the Right Bank, primarily known for the white-domed Basilica of the Sacré Cœur on its summit and as a nightclub district. Centre Georges Pompidou (constructed 1971–1977 and known as the Pompidou Centre in English) is a complex in the Beaubourg area of the 4th arrondissement Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city La Rive Droite (the Right bank) is most associated with the Seine in central Paris. The Sacré-Cœur Basilica ( French: Basilique du Sacré-Cœur, "Basilica of the Sacred Heart" is a Roman Catholic Basilica and popular The other, older, church on the hill is Saint Pierre de Montmartre, which claims to be the location at which the Jesuit order of priests was founded. In Paris, Saint Pierre de Montmartre is the lesser known of the two main churches on Montmartre, the other being the Basilica of the Sacré-Coeur. The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order Many artists had studios or worked around the community of Montmartre such as Salvador Dalí, Claude Monet, Pablo Picasso and Vincent van Gogh. Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech 1st Marquis of Púbol (May 11 1904 &ndash January 23 1989 was a Spanish Catalan Surrealist Claude Monet ( French klod mɔnɛ also known as Oscar-Claude Monet or Claude Oscar Monet (14 November 1840 &ndash 5 December 1926 was a founder Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Martyr Patricio Clito Ruíz y Picasso (October 25 1881 &ndash April 8 1973
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Name origin
The toponym Mons Martis ("Mount of Mars") survived into Merovingian times, Christianised as Montmartre,[1] signifying 'mountain of the martyr'; it owes this name to the martyrdom of Saint Denis,[2] who was decapitated on the hill around 250 AD. The Merovingians (also Merovings) were a Salian Frankish dynasty that came to rule the Franks in a region (known as Francia in Latin Saint Denis (also called Dionysius, Dennis, or Denys) is a Christian martyr and Saint. Saint Denis was the Bishop of Paris and is the patron saint of France. The patron saint of a particular group of people is a Saint who would protect and 'love' the group and its members This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.
The hill's religious symbolism is thought to be even older, as it has been suggested as a likely druidic holy place because it is the highest point in the area. A druid was a member of the priestly and learned class in the ancient Celtic societies No archeological evidence supports the claim. [3]
19th century
When Napoleon III and his city planner Baron Haussmann planned to make Paris the most beautiful city in Europe, a first step was to grant large sweeps of land near the center of the city to Haussmann's friends and financial supporters. Napoléon III, also known as Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (full name Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte) (20 April 1808 9 January 1873 was the first President Georges-Eugène Haussmann ( March 27, 1809 &ndash January 11, 1891) who called himself Baron Haussmann, was a French This drove the original inhabitants to the edges of the city — to the districts of Clichy, La Villette, and the hill with a view of the city, Montmartre.
Russians occupied Montmartre when invading Paris. They used the altitude of the hill for artillery bombardment of the city. [4]
There is a memorial sign on one of the restaurants on Montmartre that says: On 30 March 1814 - here the Cossacks first launched their famous "Bistro" and thus on this summit occurred the worthy ancestor of our Bistros. The Cossacks (Каза́ки́ Kazaki; Козаки́ Kozaki; Kozacy are a group of martial people living in the southern Steppe regions of Eastern A bistro, sometimes spelled bistrot, is a small Restaurant serving moderately priced simple meals in a modest setting [5]
LE 30 MARS 1814
LES COSAQUES LANCERENT ICI
EN PREMIER, LEUR TRES FAMEUX "BISTRO"
ET, SUR LA BUTTE, NAQUIT AINSI
LE DIGNE ANCÉTRE DE NOS BISTROTS.
180eme ANNIVERSAIRE
SYNDICAT D'INTIATIVE DU VIEUX MONTMARTRE
Since Montmartre was outside the city limits, free of Paris taxes and no doubt also due to the fact that the local nuns made wine, the hill quickly became a popular drinking area. The area developed into a center of free-wheeling and decadent entertainment at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar The twentieth century of the Common Era began on In the popular cabaret the Moulin Rouge, and at Le Chat Noir, artists, singers and performers regularly appeared including Yvette Guilbert, Marcelle Lender, Aristide Bruant, La Goulue, Georges Guibourg, Mistinguett, Fréhel, Jane Avril, Damia and others. Can-can at the Moulin Rouge The main feature of an evening at the Moulin Rouge is the performance Le Chat Noir ( French for "The Black Cat" was a 19th-century Cabaret in the bohemian Montmartre district of Paris. Yvette Guilbert ( 20 January 1865 in Paris &ndash 3 February 1944 in Aix-en-Provence) was a French Cabaret Marcelle Lender (1862-1926 was a French singer dancer and entertainer made famous in paintings by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. Aristide Bruant ( 6 May 1851 &ndash 10 February 1925) was a French cabaret singer comedian and nightclub owner Louise Weber ( July 13 1866 &ndash January 30, 1929) was a French Can-can dancer who performed under the Stage Georges Guibourg ( June 3, 1891 - January 8, 1970) was a French singer author writer playwright and actor George Guibourg alias Mistinguett ( April 5, 1875 – January 5, 1956 from Enghien-les-Bains, Val-d'Oise, Île-de-France, Fréhel (born Marguerite Boulc'h; July 14, 1891 – February 3, 1951) was a French Singer and actress. Jane Avril (1868 &ndash 1943 was a French Can-can dancer made famous by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec through his paintings Marie-Louise Damien ( December 5, 1889 – January 31 1978 was a French singer and actress better known by the Stage name Damia.
The Basilica of the Sacré Cœur was built on Montmartre from 1876 to 1912 by public subscription as a gesture of expiation after the defeat of 1871 in the Franco-Prussian War. The Sacré-Cœur Basilica ( French: Basilique du Sacré-Cœur, "Basilica of the Sacred Heart" is a Roman Catholic Basilica and popular Year 1876 ( MDCCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting Year 1871 ( MDCCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the 1870 War ( 19 July, 1870 — 10 May, 1871 Its white dome is a highly visible landmark in the city, and just below it artists still set up their easels each day amidst the tables and colorful umbrellas of Place du Tertre. The Place du Tertre is a square in Paris ' XVIIIe arrondissement.
At the beginning of his political career, the future French statesman Georges Clemenceau (1841–1929) was mayor of Montmartre. Georges Benjamin Clemenceau ( Mouilleron-en-Pareds ( Vendée) 28 September 1841 24 November 1929 was a French statesman physician and Journalist For the game see 1841 (board game. Year 1841 ( MDCCCXLI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
Artists gather
In the mid-1800s artists, such as Johan Jongkind and Camille Pissarro, came to inhabit Montmartre. Le Chat Noir ( French for "The Black Cat" was a 19th-century Cabaret in the bohemian Montmartre district of Paris. Johan Barthold Jongkind ( June 3, 1819 &ndash February 9, 1891) was a Dutch painter and printmaker regarded Camille Pissarro ( July 10 1830 &ndash November 13 1903) was a French Impressionist painter. By the end of the century, Montmartre and its counterpart on the Left Bank, Montparnasse, became the principal artistic centers of Paris. For other uses see Left Bank. La Rive Gauche (The Left Bank is the left bank of the Seine River in Paris, as one Montparnasse is an area of Paris, France, on the left bank of the river Seine, centred on the intersection of the Boulevard du Montparnasse A restaurant opened near the old windmill near the top, the Moulin de la Galette. The Moulin de la Galette is a Windmill situated near the top of the district of Montmartre in Paris, France.
Pablo Picasso, Amedeo Modigliani, and other impoverished artists lived and worked in a commune, a building called Le Bateau-Lavoir during the years 1904–1909. Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Martyr Patricio Clito Ruíz y Picasso (October 25 1881 &ndash April 8 1973 Amedeo Clemente Modigliani ( July 12, 1884 &ndash January 24, 1920) was an Italian Artist of Jewish heritage A commune is an Intentional community of people living together sharing common interests Property, possessions Resources, work and Income Le Bateau-Lavoir was a squalid block of buildings in Montmartre, Paris situated at 13 Rue Ravignan (Place Emile Goudeau Year 1904 ( MCMIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting on Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting
Artist associations such as Les Nabis and the Incoherents were formed and individuals including Vincent van Gogh, Pierre Brissaud, Alfred Jarry, Gen Paul, Jacques Villon, Raymond Duchamp-Villon, Henri Matisse, André Derain, Suzanne Valadon, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Edgar Degas, Maurice Utrillo, Toulouse-Lautrec, Théophile Steinlen, and African-American "expatriates" such as Langston Hughes worked in Montmartre and drew some of their inspiration from the area. Les Nabis were a group of Post-Impressionist Avant-garde artists who set the pace for Fine arts and Graphic arts in France in The Incoherents (Les Arts Incohérents was a short-lived French art movement founded by Parisian writer and publisher Jules Lévy in 1882 which anticipated many of the art Pierre Brissaud ( December 23, 1885 - 1964 was a French Art Deco illustrator, painter and engraver. Alfred Jarry ( 8 September 1873 &ndash 1 November 1907) was a French Writer born in Laval, Mayenne Gen Paul ( July 2, 1895 – April 30, 1975) was a French painter and engraver Jacques Villon ( July 31, 1875 - June 9, 1963) was a French Cubist painter and printmaker Raymond Duchamp-Villon ( November 5, 1876 - October 9, 1918) was a French sculptor Henri Matisse (31 December 1869 – 3 November 1954 was a French Artist, known for his use of Colour and his fluid brilliant and original draughtsmanship André Derain ( June 10, 1880 – September 8, 1954) was a French painter and co-founder of Fauvism with Henri Matisse Suzanne Valadon ( 23 September 1865 &ndash 7 April 1938) was a French painter. Pierre-Auguste Renoir ( February 25, 1841 &ndash December 3, 1919) was a French Artist who was a leading painter in Maurice Utrillo, born Maurice Valadon, ( 26 December 1883 - 5 November 1955) was a French painter who specialized Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (ɑ̃ʁi dø tuluz loˈtʁɛk (24 November 1864 &ndash 9 September 1901 was a French painter, printmaker, draftsman Théophile Alexandre Steinlen, frequently referred to as just Steinlen ( November 10, 1859 – December 13, 1923) was a Langston Hughes (February 1 1902 &ndash May 22 1967 was an American Poet, Novelist Playwright, Short story writer and Columnist
Composers, including Satie (who was a pianist at Le Chat Noir), also lived in the area. Alfred Éric Leslie Satie ( Honfleur, 17 May 1866 – Paris, 1 July 1925) was a French Composer and Le Chat Noir ( French for "The Black Cat" was a 19th-century Cabaret in the bohemian Montmartre district of Paris.
The last of the bohemian Montmartre artists was Gen Paul (1895–1975), born in Montmartre and a friend of Utrillo, Paul's calligraphic expressionist lithographs, sometimes memorializing picturesque Montmartre itself, owe a lot to Raoul Dufy. The term bohemian, of French origin was first used in the English language in the nineteenth century to describe the untraditional lifestyles of marginalized and impoverished Artists Gen Paul ( July 2, 1895 – April 30, 1975) was a French painter and engraver Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Raoul Dufy ( 3 June 1877 – 23 March 1953) was a French Fauvist painter
Contemporary Montmartre
In La Bohème (1965), perhaps the best-known song by popular singer-songwriter Charles Aznavour, a painter recalls his youthful years in a Montmartre that has ceased to exist: Je ne reconnais plus/Ni les murs, ni les rues/Qui ont vu ma jeunesse/En haut d'un escalier/Je cherche l'atelier/Dont plus rien ne subsiste/Dans son nouveau décor/Montmartre semble triste/Et les lilas sont morts ('I no longer recognize/Neither the walls nor the streets/That had seen my youth/At the top of a staircase/I look for an atelier/Of which nothing survives/In its new décor/Montmartre seems sad/And the lilacs are dead'). La Bohème is a song written by Jacques Plante and Armenian - French artist Charles Aznavour. Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. Charles Aznavour OC ( Armenian: Շառլ Ազնավուր born Shahnour Varenagh Aznavourian (Շահնուր Վաղինակ Ազնավուրյան The song is a farewell to what, according to Aznavour, were the last days of Montmartre as a site of bohemian activity.
The Dubstar song La Bohème, released as a filler track for the single "No More Talk", from the album Goodbye is remake of the French song in English, also as a wistful recollection of young adulthood spent in the Montmartre area. Dubstar are a successful British dance - pop band, formed in 1992 by Steve Hillier and Chris Wilkie in Newcastle-upon-Tyne Goodbye Dubstar 's second album It was released in September 1997 on the Food Records label a division of EMI that was also home to Blur
The Musée de Montmartre is in the house where the painter Maurice Utrillo lived and worked in a second-floor studio. Maurice Utrillo, born Maurice Valadon, ( 26 December 1883 - 5 November 1955) was a French painter who specialized The mansion in the garden at the back is the oldest hotel on Montmartre, and one of its first owners was Claude Roze, also known as Roze de Rosimond, who bought it in 1680. Roze was the actor, who replaced Molière, and, like his predecessor, died on stage. Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, also known by his Stage name, Molière, ( January 15, 1622 – February 17 1673) was a French The house was Pierre-Auguste Renoir's first Montmartre address and many other names moved through the premises. Pierre-Auguste Renoir ( February 25, 1841 &ndash December 3, 1919) was a French Artist who was a leading painter in
Just off the top of the butte, Espace Dalí showcases surrealist artist Salvador Dalí's work. L'Espace Dali is an art museum in Paris, France. Dedicated to the work of the surrealist artist Salvador Dalí, the museum contains many of his Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech 1st Marquis of Púbol (May 11 1904 &ndash January 23 1989 was a Spanish Catalan Surrealist Nearby, day and night, tourists visit such sights as the artists in Place du Tertre and the cabaret du Lapin Agile. The Place du Tertre is a square in Paris ' XVIIIe arrondissement. Lapin Agile is a famous Montmartre Cabaret, at 22 Rue des Saules Paris, France. Many renowned artists are buried in the Cimetière de Montmartre and the Cimetière Saint-Vincent. Montmartre Cemetery ( Fr: Cimetière de Montmartre is a famous cemetery located at 37 Avenue Samson in the 18th ''arrondissement'' of Paris Saint-Vincent Cemetery ( Fr:Cimetière Saint-Vincent at 6 rue Lucien-Gaulard in the Montmartre Quarter of Paris, France was opened on January
The movie Amélie is set in an exaggeratedly quaint version of contemporary Montmartre. Amélie is a 2001 French film directed by Jean-Pierre Jeunet and starring Audrey Tautou.
Montmartre is an officially designated historic district with limited development allowed in order to maintain its historic character.
A funicular railway, the Funiculaire de Montmartre, operated by RATP, ascends the hill from the south while the Montmartre Bus circles the hill. A funicular, also known as a funicular railway, incline, inclined railway, inclined plane, or cliff railway, is a type of self-contained The Montmartre funicular is a Funicular railway serving the Montmartre neighborhood of Paris, France, in the Eighteenth arrondissement The Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens ( RATP/Autonomous Operator of Parisian Transports) is the major transit operator responsible for Public transportation
Downhill to the southwest is the red-light district of Pigalle. A red-light district is a neighborhood where Prostitution and other businesses in the Sex industry flourish Pigalle is an area in Paris around Place Pigalle on the border between the 9th and the 18th ''arrondissements''. That area is, today, largely known for a wide variety of sex shops and prostitutes. sex shop, erotic shop is a shop that sells products such as Sex toys Pornography, erotic Lingerie, erotic books and Safer sex Prostitution is the act of performing Sexual activity in exchange for Money. It also contains a great number of stores specializing in instruments for rock music. There are also several concert halls, also used for rock music.
See also
References
Notes
- ^ Bailey K. The Moulin de la Galette is a Windmill situated near the top of the district of Montmartre in Paris, France. Young, "Archaeology in an Urban Setting: Excavations at Saint-Pierre-de-Montmartre, Paris, 1975-1977" Journal of Field Archaeology 5. 3 (Autumn 1978:319-329) p 321: "The tradition that a Temple of Mars stood on the south bluff and a Temple of Mercury farther west was known to Eatly Modern érudits.
- ^ The "place called the mont of Mars, nowby a happy mutation known as the Mont of Martyrs", Miracles of Saint Denis (831) quoted in Young 1978:321 note5.
- ^ Young (1978:312) reports of Saint Pierre de Montmartre, the oldest institution on the butte "Though we know that impressive vestiges of antique walls stood into modern times, archaeological testimony is meagre. In Paris, Saint Pierre de Montmartre is the lesser known of the two main churches on Montmartre, the other being the Basilica of the Sacré-Coeur. "
- ^ Leonid Parfyonov. Leonid Gennadievich Parfyonov (Леонид Геннадьевич Парфёнов b Russian Empire: Vol. 2, Disk 4, Part 2 (Alexander I) [DVD]. Alexander I of Russia ( Russian: Александр I Павлович / Aleksandr I Pavlovich (23 December 1777 – November 19 1825 served as Emperor of Russia: NTV. NTV ( НТВ in Cyrillic) is a Russian television channel. As a subsidiary of Vladimir Gusinsky 's company Media-Most, it Event occurs at 00:27:40.
- ^ Leonid Parfyonov. Leonid Gennadievich Parfyonov (Леонид Геннадьевич Парфёнов b Russian Empire: Vol. 2, Disk 4, Part 2 (Alexander I) [DVD]. Alexander I of Russia ( Russian: Александр I Павлович / Aleksandr I Pavlovich (23 December 1777 – November 19 1825 served as Emperor of Russia: NTV. NTV ( НТВ in Cyrillic) is a Russian television channel. As a subsidiary of Vladimir Gusinsky 's company Media-Most, it Event occurs at 00:28:53.
Bibliography
Vie quotidienne a Montmartre au temps de Picasso, 1900-1910 (Daily Life on Montmartre in the Times of Picasso) was written by Jean-Paul Crespelle, an author-historian who specialized in the artistic life of Montmartre and Montparnasse. Jean-Paul Crespelle (born December 24, 1910 in Nogent-sur-Marne, Île-de-France, France) is a Journalist and author
Other sources
Russian Empire by filmmaker Leonid Parfyonov [1]
External links
- Official site of Montmartre
- Montmartre website: Forget the well-trodden path
- Audio tour of Sacre Coeur to download
- Montmartre artists
- The Prophets of Montmartre, Ashe Journal article on Montmartre as a cradle of art and innovation by Alamantra
- Movie tour of Montmartre in English
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