Montjuïc is a hill located in Barcelona, Spain. Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.
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Etymology
Montjuïc is translated as Hill of the Jews in the medieval Catalan language, or as a corruption of Latin Mons Jovicus (that is, hill of Jupiter). Park Güell is a garden complex with architectural elements situated on the hill of El Carmel in the Gràcia district of Barcelona, PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Catalan ˈkætəˌlæn ( català kətəˈla or) is a Romance language, the national and official language of Andorra, and a co-official Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. In Roman mythology, Jupiter was the king of the gods and the god of Sky and Thunder. The name is found in several locations in the Catalan Countries: the Catalan cities of Girona and Barcelona have a Montjuïc, as does the island of Minorca. Different meanings Països Catalans is a polysemic expression and so it has different meanings depending on the context Catalonia (Cataluña Catalunya Aranese: Catalonha) is an Autonomous Community in the northeast part of Spain. Girona ( Catalan: Girona ʒiˈɾonə Spanish: Gerona xeˈɾona is a city located in the northeast of Catalonia, Spain Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia Minorca ( Catalan and Spanish: Menorca; from Latin Balearis Minor, later Minorica "minor island" is one of the When written in a Spanish rather than Catalan context it is generally spelled Montjuich (in the old Catalan spelling before Pompeu Fabra's orthography). Catalan ˈkætəˌlæn ( català kətəˈla or) is a Romance language, the national and official language of Andorra, and a co-official Pompeu Fabra i Poch, ( Barcelona 1868 - Prada de Conflent 1948 was a Catalan Grammarian, the main author of the normative reform of contemporary Catalan
Description
Barcelona's Montjuïc is a broad shallow hill with a relatively flat top overlooking the harbour, to the southeast of the city centre. A harbor or harbour (see spelling differences) or haven, is a place where ships may shelter from the Weather or are stored The eastern side of the hill is almost a sheer cliff, giving it a commanding view over the city's harbour immediately below. The top of the hill (a height of 173 metres) was the site of several fortifications, the latest of which (the Castell de Montjuïc) remains today. Fortifications are Military Constructions and Buildings designed for defense in Warfare Humans have constructed defensive works for The fortress largely dates from the 17th century, with 18th century additions. Fortifications are Military Constructions and Buildings designed for defense in Warfare Humans have constructed defensive works for As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system In 1842 the garrison (loyal to the Madrid government) shelled parts of the city following disturbances. Year 1842 ( MDCCCXLII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Madrid (pronounced in English in Spanish and colloquially in Spain) is the Capital and largest city of Spain. It served as a prison, often holding political prisoners, until the time of General Franco. Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco y Bahamonde (born December 4, 1892 in Ferrol, died November 20, 1975 in Madrid The castle was the site of numerous executions. In 1897 an incident popularly known as Els processos de Montjuïc prompted the execution of anarchist supporters, which in turn lead to a severe repression of the workers' struggle for their rights. Anarchism is a Political philosophy encompassing theories and attitudes which support the elimination of all compulsory Government, i On different occasions during the Spanish Civil War, both Nationalists and Republicans were executed there, each at the time when the site was held by their opponents. The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict in Spain that started after an attempted Coup d'état committed by parts of the army against the government of The Catalan nationalist leader Lluís Companys i Jover was also executed there in 1940, having been extradited to the Franco government by the Nazis. Catalan Nationalism, or Catalanism (from Catalanisme in Catalan) is a political movement advocating for either further political Lluís Companys i Jover ( June 21 1882 &ndash October 14 1940) was a Spanish Catalan Politician Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Although of no obvious military importance nowadays, the fortress on top of the hill is blacked out in Google Maps' high resolution satellite images but is available on Google Earth as of April 2008.
Developments
Naturally wooded, the slopes of the Montjuïc were traditionally used to grow food and graze animals by the people of the neighbouring Ciutat Vella. Ciutat Vella is a district of Barcelona, numbered District 1. In the 1890s the forests were partially cleared, opening space for parklands. The 1890s were sometimes referred to as the " Mauve Decade" because William Henry Perkin 's aniline dye allowed the widespread use of that The site was selected to host the 1929 International Exposition (a World's Fair), for which the first large-scale construction on the hill was begun. Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Expo (short for "exposition" and also known as World Fair and World's Fair) is the name given to various large public exhibitions held since the The surviving buildings from this effort include the grand Palau Nacional, the Estadi Olímpic (the Olympic stadium), the ornate Font Màgica fountains, and a grand staircase leading up from the foot of the Montjuïc at the south end of the Avenida de la Reina Maria Cristina, past the Font Màgica and through the Plaça del Marquès de Foronda and the Plaça de les Cascades to the Palau Nacional. The National Art Museum of Catalonia (Museo Nacional de Arte de Cataluña Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya abbreviated as MNAC, is a Museum of Catalan The Poble Espanyol, a "Spanish village" of different buildings built in different styles of Spanish architecture, also survives, located on the western side of the hill. The term architecture (from Greek αρχιτεκτονικήarchitektoniki) can be used to mean a process a profession or documentation Mies van der Rohe's German national pavilion was constructed at the foot of the hill, near the Plaça del Marquès de Foronda. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (ˈlʊdvɪç miːs faːn dɛʀ ˈʀoːɐ born Maria Ludwig Michael Mies ( March 27, 1886 &ndash August 17, 1969 The Barcelona Pavilion, designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, was the German Pavilion for the 1929 International Exposition in Barcelona It was demolished in 1930 but was rebuilt in 1988. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
Also completed in 1929, the Olympic stadium was intended to host an anti-fascist alternative Olympics in 1936, in opposition to the 1936 Berlin Olympics. Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Anti-fascism is the opposition to fascist ideologies organizations governments and people Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The 1936 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XI Olympiad, an International Multi-sport event which was held in 1936 in Berlin These plans were cancelled due to the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War. The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict in Spain that started after an attempted Coup d'état committed by parts of the army against the government of The stadium serves as the home for football team Espanyol (the club is scheduled to leave for a new stadium in Cornellà/El Prat upon completion in 2008. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered RCD Espanyol de Barcelona (Reial Club Deportiu Espanyol de Barcelona is a Sports club based in Barcelona. Cornellà de Llobregat is a Municipality in the ''comarca'' of the Baix Llobregat in Catalonia, Spain. El Prat is the name of the following places The town El Prat de Llobregat. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common )
The roads in the slopes facing the city were once the Montjuïc circuit Formula One racing circuit, hosting the Spanish Grand Prix on four occasions. The Montjuïc circuit is a former racing circuit located on the Montjuïc mountain in Barcelona, Catalonia. This is a list of circuits which have hosted a FIA World Championship race from 1950 to 2008. The Spanish Grand Prix ( Español Gran Premio de España, Català Gran Premi d'Espanya) is a Formula One However, a terrible accident in the 1975 race saw Rolf Stommelen's car crash into the stands, killing four people; as a result the Spanish Grand Prix never returned to Montjuïc circuit. An accident is a specific identifiable unexpected unusual and unintended external event which occurs in a particular time and place without apparent or deliberate The 1975 Spanish Grand Prix was a Formula One race held at Montjuïc circuit on April 27, 1975, remembered as one of the most controversial Rolf Stommelen ( 11 July 1943 - 24 April 1983) was a Racing driver from Siegen Germany. The Montjuïc circuit is a former racing circuit located on the Montjuïc mountain in Barcelona, Catalonia.
The Montjuïc was selected as the site for several of the venues of the 1992 Summer Olympics, centred around the Olympic stadium. The 1992 Summer Olympic Games, officially known as the Games of the XXV Olympiad, were an International Multi-sport event held in Barcelona, Extensively refurbished and renamed the Estadi Olímpic Lluís Companys, the 65,000-seat stadium saw the opening and closing ceremonies and hosted many events. The Estadi Olímpic Lluís Companys (formerly known as the Estadi Olímpic de Montjuïc) is a Stadium in Barcelona, Spain. Around it was build the Anella Olímpica (the "Olympic Ring") of sporting venues, including the Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya, a centre of sports science; the Piscines Bernat Picornell, the venue for swimming and diving events; and the striking telecommunications tower, designed by the architect Santiago Calatrava. Sport Science is a discipline that studies the application of scientific principles and techniques with the aim of improving sporting performance Swimming is the movement by humans or animals through Water, usually without artificial assistance Diving off a deck into the Great South Bay of Long Islandjpg|thumb|A man dives into the Great South Bay of Long Island. Santiago Calatrava Valls (born July 28, 1951) is an internationally recognized and award-winning Valencian Spanish Architect, Of the Piscines (swimmimg pools), the diving pool was selected as the setting for the "Slow" music video recorded in 2003 by the Australian artist Kylie Minogue. Diving off a deck into the Great South Bay of Long Islandjpg|thumb|A man dives into the Great South Bay of Long Island. " Slow " is a pop &ndash dance song written by Australian singer-songwriter Kylie Minogue, Mr A music video is a Short film or video that accompanies a complete piece of music most commonly a Song with lyrics Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Kylie Ann Minogue, OBE, born 28 May 1968 is an Australian pop Singer - Songwriter and occasional Actress.
The ornate Palau Nacional houses the Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya, an extensive showcase of Catalan painting and sculpture. The National Art Museum of Catalonia (Museo Nacional de Arte de Cataluña Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya abbreviated as MNAC, is a Museum of Catalan
The top of the hill can be reached using the Funicular de Montjuïc, a funicular railway that operates as part of the Barcelona Metro, and then a aerial cableway. The Funicular de Montjuïc, or Montjuïc funicular, is a funicular railway in the the city of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain. A funicular, also known as a funicular railway, incline, inclined railway, inclined plane, or cliff railway, is a type of self-contained The Barcelona Metro ( Catalan and Spanish: Metro de Barcelona) part of the Mass transit Public transport system of An aerial tramway is a type of Aerial lift in which a cabin is suspended from a cable and is pulled by another cable Part of the slopes are covered with a well attended park and gardens. A park is a protected area of Land and Water, usually in its natural or semi-natural (landscaped state and set aside for some purpose often to do with human A garden is a planned space usually outdoors set aside for the display cultivation and enjoyment of Plants and other forms of Nature. The hill is often used for amateur cycling. Cycling is the use of Bicycles or - less commonly - Unicycles Tricycles Quadricycles and other similar wheeled Human powered vehicles
Also on the Montjuïc
- Fundació Joan Miró, a modern art museum centring around a large collection of the works of Joan Miró
- Cementiri del Sud-Oest, a cemetery containing many of Barcelona's rich and celebrated, including Lluís Companys and his predecessor as President of Catalonia Francesc Macià, as well as artist Joan Miró, dancer Carmen Amaya and poet/priest Jacint Verdaguer. The Montjuic Communications Tower ( Torre Telefónica) is a Telecommunication Tower in the Montjuïc neighborhood of Barcelona The Fundació Joan Miró Centre d'Estudis d'Art Contemporani ( Joan Miró Foundation) is a museum of Modern art honoring Joan Miró and located on History of Modern art Roots in the 19th century Although modern Sculpture and Architecture are reckoned to have emerged at the end of the nineteenth Joan Miró i Ferrà ( April 20, 1893 &ndash December 25, 1983) was an ethnic Catalan (of Spanish nationality A cemetery is a place in which dead bodies and cremated remains are buried. The functions of the President of the Generalitat de Catalunya have varied considerably over history in parallel with the attributions of the Generalitat itself Francesc Macià i Llussà ( October 21, 1859 - December 25, 1933) was a Catalan soldier politician and President of the Joan Miró i Ferrà ( April 20, 1893 &ndash December 25, 1983) was an ethnic Catalan (of Spanish nationality Carmen Amaya ( November 2, 1913 - November 19, 1963) was a Flamenco dancer and singer born in the Somorrostro slum Jacint Verdaguer i Santaló (Folgueroles May 17, 1845 - Vallvidrera June 10, 1902) is one of the greatest poets of Catalan literature Numerous unmarked graves hold those executed in the fortress.
- The botanic gardens.
- The museum of ethnology
- The Catalan museum of archaeology (housed in the 1929 exhibition's palace of graphic arts)
- The Olympic museum
See also
References
- Information on the Montjuïc
- Photo guide to Montjuic
- A recreation of the Montjuich Park F1 track for Grand Prix Legends
- Google Map of Montjuic depicting censorship on fortress
External links
Ethnology (from the Greek ἔθνος, ethnos meaning "habit custom convention" is the branch of Anthropology that compares and The Four Columns were four Ionic columns created by Puig i Cadafalch.Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic