Monterey, California
Old Fisherman's Wharf, Monterey, California nickname = The Cradle of History, Language Capital of the World, California's "First" City
Flag
Location of Monterey, California
Coordinates: 36°36′0″N 121°53′26″W / 36.6, -121.89056
Country	United States
State	California
County	Monterey
Government
- Mayor	Chuck Della Sala
- Senate	Abel Maldonado (R)
- Assembly	John Laird (D)
- U. S. Congress	Sam Farr (D)
Area
- Total	11. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The US state of California is divided into fifty-eight counties. Monterey County is a county located on the Pacific coast of the U A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government The California State Senate is the upper house of the California State Legislature. Abel Maldonado (born August 21 1967 in Santa Maria California) is a Republican U The California Republican Party is the California affiliate of the national Republican Party. The California State Assembly is the Lower house of the California State Legislature. John Laird ( 14 June 1805 – 29 October 1874) was a Scottish shipbuilder and key figure in the development of the town The California Democratic Party is the local branch of the Democratic Party in the state of California. California's 17th congressional district covers all of Monterey and San Benito counties as well as part of Santa Cruz County. Samuel S Farr (born July 4 1941) American politician has been a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 7 sq mi (30. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 4 km²)
- Land	8. To help compare different Orders of magnitude and geographical regions we list here areas between 100 km² and 1000 km² 4 sq mi (21. 9 km²)
- Water	3. 3 sq mi (8. 5 km²)
Elevation	26 ft (8 m)
Population (2005)
- Total	30,641
- Density	3,631. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 2/sq mi (1,402/km²)
Time zone	PST (UTC-8)
- Summer (DST)	PDT (UTC-7)
ZIP code	93940
Area code(s)	831
Median Home Value	US$775,000[1] (Sept. The Pacific Time Zone observes Standard time by subtracting eight hours from Coordinated Universal Time ( UTC-8) UTC−8 is a band of Timezones separated from the Universal Coordinated Time by 8 hours Daylight saving time ( DST UTC−7 can be observed in Mountain Standard Time Zone Pacific Daylight Time Zone Canada The ZIP code is the system of Postal codes used by the United States Postal Service (USPS A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks California 's area code 831 is a North American area code which covers Salinas, Hollister, Monterey, Santa Cruz and the The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 2007)
GNIS feature ID	1659762
Website: http://www.monterey.org/

The City of Monterey is located on Monterey Bay along the Pacific coast in central California. The Geographic Names Information System ( GNIS) is a database that contains name and locative information about more than two million physical and cultural features located throughout This article is about the bay near Monterey CA For other uses see Monterey Bay Aquarium, California State University Monterey Bay The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. As of 2005, the city population was 30,641. The city is noted for its rich history of resident artists beginning in the late 1800s and its historically famed fishery. For the fishing industry and the practice of fishing see Fishing.

Monterey is home to the Naval Postgraduate School, the Defense Language Institute, the Monterey Institute of International Studies, the former Fort Ord, part of which is now the site of California State University Monterey Bay; Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center, the Monterey Bay Aquarium, the Monterey American Viticultural Area; Cannery Row, Fisherman's Wharf and a Marine Mammal Center field station located in the area. The Naval Postgraduate School (NPS is a research university at the graduate-school level operated by the United States Navy. The Defense Language Institute ( DLI) is a United States Department of Defense (DoD educational and research institution which provides linguistic and cultural The Monterey Institute of International Studies (MIIS pronounced 'Miss' an affiliate of Middlebury College, is a Graduate school in Monterey California Fort Ord was a US Army post on Monterey Bay in California. It was established in 1917 as a maneuver area and field artillery target range and was closed California State University Monterey Bay ( CSUMB) is a small Public university in the California State University system on the site of the former The Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (or FNMOC) known prior to 1995 as the Fleet Numerical Oceanography Center (FNOC is a meteorological and The Monterey Bay Aquarium, which is located on the site of a former sardine cannery on Cannery Row in Monterey California, is one of the largest Aquariums An American Viticultural Area is a designated Wine Grape -growing region in the United States distinguishable by geographic features with boundaries Cannery Row is the waterfront Street in the New Monterey section of Monterey California, the site of a number of now-defunct Sardine canning factories Fisherman's Wharf MontereyJPG|thumb|left|250px|Entering Fisherman's Wharf]] Fisherman's Wharf is an historic Wharf in Monterey California. The Marine Mammal Center is a private non-profit US organization centered on rescue rehabilitation environmental research and education regarding Marine mammals

The semi-hard cheese known as Monterey Jack originated in Monterey, California. Cheese is a Food made from Milk, usually the milk of cows, Buffalo, Goats or sheep, by coagulation.

Contents 1 History 2 Attractions 3 Environmental features and geography 4 Climate 5 Demographics 6 Arts 7 Media 8 Education 9 Notable Residents 10 References 11 Gallery 12 External links

History

In prehistoric times the Rumsen Ohlone tribe, one of seven linguistically distinct Ohlone groups in California, inhabited the area now known as Monterey. The Rumsen (also known as the Rumsien) are one of eight divisions of the Ohlone (Coastanoan Native American people of Northern California The Ohlone people also known as the Costanoan and as the Muwekma, are the indigenous people of Northern California who have lived in the Linguistics is the scientific study of Language, encompassing a number of sub-fields They lived a subsistent life of hunting, fishing and gathering in what has been deduced as a biologically rich Monterey Peninsula. Hunting is the practice of pursuing Animals for Food, Recreation, or Trade. For the computer security term see Phishing. Fishing is the activity of catching Fish. Foundations of modern biology There are five unifying principles The Monterey Peninsula in central California comprises the cities of Monterey, Carmel, Pacific Grove, some unincorporated area of Monterey The most prominent archaeological resources extant here are shell middens, the garbage dumps of these early peoples. Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos A midden, also known as a kitchen midden, or a shell heap, is a dump for domestic waste. We can infer from midden contents that the Rumsen Ohlone consumed mussel and abalone as the chief marine staples. The common name mussel is used for members of several different families of Clams or Bivalve Molluscs, from both saltwater and freshwater habitats Abalone (from Spanish Abulón) are medium-sized to very large edible sea Snails marine Gastropod Mollusks in the The principal archaeological sites that have been mapped are located between the Monterey Bay Aquarium and the Naval Postgraduate School, within about 2000 feet (610 m) of the coastline.

First established in 1770 by Father Junípero Serra and Gaspar de Portolà, Monterey served as the capital of California from 1777 to 1849, under the flags of Spain and Mexico. Fra Junípero Serra ( November 24, 1713 &ndash August 28, 1784) was a Spanish Franciscan Friar who founded Gaspar de Portolà i Rovira (1716 1784 was a soldier Governor of Baja and Alta California (1767&ndash1770 Explorer and founder of Year 1777 ( MDCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1849 ( MDCCCXLIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Portola erected the Presidio of Monterey to defend the port against an expected Russian invasion. The Presidio of Monterey, located in Monterey California, is an active US Army installation It was also the site of the July 7, 1846, Battle of Monterey during the Mexican-American War. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death For the game see 1846 (board game. Year 1846 ( MDCCCXLVI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display The Battle of Monterey, at Monterey California (sometimes confused with the Battle of Monterrey, in Nuevo León) was waged on July 7, It was on this date that John D. Sloat, Commodore in the United States Navy, raised the U.S. flag over the Monterey Customs House and claimed California for the United States. John Drake Sloat ( July 6, 1781 November 28, 1867) was a commodore in the United States Navy and in 1846 Flags of the United States The Flag of the United States of America consists of 13 equal horizontal stripes of Red (top and bottom alternating In addition, many California "firsts" occurred in Monterey. These include California's first theater, brick house, publicly funded school, public building, public library, and printing press. California's first constitution was also drafted here in October 1849.

Monterey had long been famous for the abundant fishery in Monterey Bay. That changed in the 1950s, when the local fishery business collapsed due to overfishing. The 1950s Decade refers to the years of 1950 to 1959 inclusive A few of the old fishermen's cabins from the early twentieth century have been preserved as they stood along Cannery Row (photo below). Cannery Row is the waterfront Street in the New Monterey section of Monterey California, the site of a number of now-defunct Sardine canning factories The famous Cannery Row has now been turned into a tourist attraction, with restaurants and shops in the historical site. It is also the location of the Monterey Bay Aquarium. The Monterey Bay Aquarium, which is located on the site of a former sardine cannery on Cannery Row in Monterey California, is one of the largest Aquariums In June 1967 the city was the venue of the Monterey Pop Festival. Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. The Monterey International Pop Music Festival was a three-day concert event held June 16 to June 18 1967 at the Monterey County Fairgrounds in Monterey

Monterey has a noteworthy history as a center for California painters in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Such painters as Arthur Frank Mathews, Armin Hansen, Xavier Martinez, Rowena Meeks Abdy and Percy Gray lived or visited to pursue painting in the style of either En plein air or Tonalism. Arthur Frank Mathews (1860-1945 was an American Tonalist painter who was one of the founders of the American Arts and Crafts movement. Armin Hansen (1886-1957 native of San Francisco is prominent American Painter of the En plein air school best known for his marine canvases Xavier Timoteo Martínez ( February 7, 1869 &ndash January 13 1943) was a California artist who flourished in the late 19th and Rowena Meeks Abdy ( April 24, 1887 - August 18, 1945) was an American painter who flourished in Northern California in the early 20th Henry Percy Gray (1869-1952 was an American painter Gray was born into a San Francisco family endowed with a broad literary and artistic background En plein air is a French expression which means "in the open air" and is particularly used to describe the act of Painting outdoors Tonalism (about 1880 to 1915 is an artistic style that emerged in the 1880s when American artists began to paint Landscape forms with an overall tone of colored atmosphere or

In addition to painters many noted authors through the years have also lived in and around the Monterey area such as John Steinbeck, Robinson Jeffers, Robert A. Heinlein, Henry Miller, Ed Ricketts, and Robert Louis Stevenson. John Steinbeck III (February 27 1902—December 20 1968 was one of the best-known and most widely read American writers of the 20th century John Robinson Jeffers ( January 10 1887 &ndash January 20 1962) was an American Poet, known for his work about the central Robert Anson Heinlein (July 7 1907 – May 8 1988 was an American Novelist and Science fiction Writer. Henry Valentine Miller (December 26 1891 &ndash June 7 1980 was an American writer and painter. Edward Flanders Robb Ricketts ( May 14, 1897 - May 11, 1948) commonly known as Ed Ricketts, was an American Marine Robert Louis Balfour Stevenson (13 November 1850–3 December 1894 was a Scottish novelist poet and travel writer, and a representative of Neo-romanticism in

More recently, Monterey has been recognized for its significant involvement in post-secondary learning of languages other than English and its major role in delivering translation and interpretation services around the world. In November 1995, California Governor Pete Wilson proclaimed Monterey as "The Language Capital of the World". California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Peter Barton Wilson (born August 23 1933 is an American Politician from California.

Attractions

Monterey is steeped in history^[1] and famed for the abundance and diversity of its marine life, which includes sea lions, sea otters, harbor seals, bat rays, kelp (seaweed) forests, pelicans and dolphins. For other uses of the term "sea lion" see Sea lion (disambiguation. The sea otter ( Enhydra lutris) is a Marine mammal native to the coasts of the northern and eastern North Pacific Ocean. The bat ray, Myliobatis californica, is an Eagle ray found in muddy or sandy sloughs Estuaries and bays Kelp beds and rocky-bottomed shoreline Kelp are large Seaweeds ( Algae) belonging to the Brown algae and classified in the order Laminariales A pelican is a large water Bird with a distinctive pouch under the beak belonging to the Bird family Pelecanidae. Dolphins are Marine mammals that are closely related to Whales and Porpoises There are almost forty species of dolphin in seventeen genera.

The Monterey Bay Aquarium, one of the largest in North America, hosts several important marine science laboratories. An aquarium (plural aquariums or aquaria) is a Vivarium consisting of at least one transparent side in which Water -dwelling Plants Oceanography (from the greek words Ωκεανός meaning Ocean and γράφω meaning to write also called oceanology or Monterey's geographic location gives scientists access to the deep sea within hours, and only a few miles offshore is Monterey Canyon, the largest and deepest (3. Monterey Canyon, or Monterey Submarine Canyon, is a Submarine canyon in Monterey Bay, California. 2 km) underwater canyon off the Pacific coast of North America. A submarine canyon is a steep-sided Valley on the Sea floor of the Continental slope. ^[2]

Sealife makes Monterey a popular destination for scuba divers of all abilities ranging from novice to expert. Marine biology is the scientific study of living Organisms in the Ocean or other marine or Brackish bodies of water Scuba diving is swimming underwater, or taking part in another activity while using a Scuba set. Scuba classes are held at San Carlos State Beach,^[3] which has been a favorite with divers since the 1960s.

Monterey also has much to offer anyone who wants to dip into California's history, including several museums^[4] and more than thirty carefully preserved historic buildings. ^[1]

For example Colton Hall^[5], built in 1849 by Walter Colton, was originally a public school and government meeting place. Rev Walter Colton ( May 9, 1797 &ndash 1851 was a Chaplain for the United States Navy, the Alcalde of Monterey, and the It also hosted California's first constitutional convention. Today it houses a museum, while adjacent buildings serve as the seat of local government.

Larkin House,^[6] one of Monterey State Historic Park’s National Historic Landmarks, built in the Mexican period by Thomas Oliver Larkin, is an early example of Monterey Colonial architecture. Monterey State Historic Park is a historic State park located in central California. A National Historic Landmark (NHL is a Building, site, Structure, Object, or District, that is officially recognized by the The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Thomas Oliver Larkin (September 16 1802 - October 27 1858 was an early American emigrant to Mexico and a signer of the original California Constitution. The term architecture (from Greek αρχιτεκτονικήarchitektoniki) can be used to mean a process a profession or documentation The old Custom House,^[7] the historic district and the Royal Presidio Chapel^[8] are also National Historic Landmarks. The Cathedral of San Carlos Borromeo, also known as the Royal Presidio Chapel, is a Roman Catholic Cathedral located in Monterey California The Cooper-Molera Adobe^[9] is a National Trust Historic Site. The National Trust for Historic Preservation is an American member-supported organization that was founded in 1949 by Congressional charter to support preservation

Other attractions within easy reach of Monterey include:

• Carmel-by-the-Sea
• 17 mile scenic drive
• Pebble Beach golf resort
• Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca

Monterey is home to the Naval Postgraduate School, Presidio of Monterey, Monterey Institute of International Studies and Monterey Peninsula College. Carmel-by-the-Sea, usually called simply Carmel, is a small town endowed with a rich artistic history situated on the Monterey Peninsula in Monterey Pebble Beach is a small coastal Unincorporated community in Monterey County, California. Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca (previously known as Laguna Seca Raceway) is a paved road Racing track used for both Auto racing and motorcycle racing The Monterey Institute of International Studies (MIIS pronounced 'Miss' an affiliate of Middlebury College, is a Graduate school in Monterey California The city is served by Monterey Peninsula Airport, and local bus Service is provided by Monterey-Salinas Transit. Monterey Peninsula Airport is a regional Airport located three miles (5 km) southeast of the Central business district (CBD of Monterey Monterey-Salinas Transit, or MST provides Bus service within Monterey County in California

Environmental features and geography

Monterey is located at 36°36′0″N, 121°53′26″W (36. 600010, -121. 890605). ^[10] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 11. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census 7 square miles (30. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 4 km²), of which 8. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 4 square miles (21. 9 km²) is land and 3. 3 square miles (8. 5 km²) (28. 05%) is water. Sand deposits in the northern coastal area comprise the sole known mineral resources.

Local soil is Quaternary Alluvium, and the city is in a moderate to high seismic risk zone, the principal threat being the active San Andreas Fault approximately 26 miles (42 km) to the east. Overview The term Quaternary ("fourth" was proposed by Giovanni Arduino in 1759 for alluvial deposits in the Po river valley in northern Alluvium (from the Latin, alluvius, from alluere, "to wash against" is Soil or Sediments deposited by a river or other running Seismology (from Greek grc σεισμός seismos, "earthquake" and grc -λογία -logia) is the scientific study of Earthquakes The San Andreas Fault is a geologic Transform fault that runs a length of roughly 800 miles (1300 km through California in the United States. The Monterey Bay fault, which tracks three miles (4. 8 km) to the north, is also active, as is the Palo Colorado fault seven miles (11. 3 km) to the south. Also nearby, minor but potentially active, are the Berwick Canyon, Seaside, Tularcitos and Chupines faults.

Monterey Bay's maximum credible tsunami for a 100 year interval has been calculated as a wave nine feet (2. A tsunami ((tsuːˈnɑːmi is a series of waves created when 7 m) high. The considerable undeveloped area in the northwest part of the city has a high potential for landslides and erosion.

The city is situated on the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, a Federally protected ocean area extending 276 miles (444 km) along the coast. The Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (MBNMS is a Federally protected marine area offshore of California 's central coast. (Sometimes this sanctuary is confused with the local bay which is also termed Monterey Bay. ) The California sea otter, a threatened subspecies inhabits the local Monterey Bay marine environment, and a field station of the Marine Mammal Center is located in Monterey to support sea rescue operations in this section of the California coast. The sea otter ( Enhydra lutris) is a Marine mammal native to the coasts of the northern and eastern North Pacific Ocean. Threatened species are any species (including Animals Plants fungi, etc Marine is an Umbrella term. As an adjective it is usually applicable to things relating to the Sea or Ocean, such as Marine biology, Marine Monterey is home to some endangered bird species: the California clapper rail, found in salt marshes; plus the California brown pelican and the Yuma clapper rail, both of whose habitats are dunes and rocky headlands. Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. The California Clapper Rail ( Rallus longirostris obsoletus) is an endangered Subspecies of the Clapper Rail ( R The brown pelican ( Pelecanus occidentalis) is the smallest of the eight species of Pelican, although it is a large bird in nearly every other regard The Clapper Rail ( Rallus longirostris) is a member of the rail family Rallidae. Headlands and bays are two related features of the coastal environment The rare San Joaquin kit fox is also found in Monterey's oak-forest and chaparral habitats. The Kit Fox ( Vulpes macrotis) is a relatively common North American Fox. The term oak can be used as part of the common name of any of about 400 species of Trees and Shrubs in the Genus Quercus (from Latin A forest is an area with a high density of Trees There are many definitions of a forest based on various criteria Chaparral is a Shrubland or heathland Plant community found primarily in the U A habitat (which is Latin for "it inhabits" is an Ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular Species. The chaparral, found mainly on city's drier eastern slopes, hosts such plants as manzanita, chemise and ceanothus. The Manzanitas are a subgenus of the genus Arctostaphylos. They are evergreen Shrubs or small Trees present in the Chaparral The term chemise can refer to the classic smock or shift, or else can refer to certain modern types of women's undergarments and dresses Ceanothus L is a Genus of about 50–60 species of Shrubs or small Trees in the buckthorn family Rhamnaceae. Additional species of interest (that is, potential candidates for endangered species status) are the Salinas kangaroo rat and the silver-sided legless lizard. Kangaroo rats, genus Dipodomys, are small Rodents native to North America. Lizards are a large and widespread group of Reptiles of the order Squamata, with nearly 5000 species and ranging across all continents except

There is a variety of natural habitat in Monterey: littoral zone and sand dunes; closed-cone pine forest; and Monterey Cypress. Littoral refers to the coast of an ocean or sea or to the banks of a river lake or estuary In physical Geography, a dune is a Hill of Sand built by Aeolian processes. Closed-cone pine forest is a plant community of coastal California and several offshore islands Cupressus macrocarpa ( Monterey Cypress, Macrocarpa; syn Callitropsis macrocarpa (Hartw

The closed-cone pine habitat is dominated by Monterey pine, Knobcone pine and Bishop pine, and contains the rare Monterey manzanita. Pinus radiata (family Pinaceae is known in English as Monterey Pine in some parts of the world (mainly in the USA, Canada and the The Knobcone Pine ( Pinus attenuata) is a Tree that grows in mild climates on poor soils The Bishop Pine ( Pinus muricata) is a Pine with a very restricted range mostly California, USA, including some offshore islands and a The Manzanitas are a subgenus of the genus Arctostaphylos. They are evergreen Shrubs or small Trees present in the Chaparral (In the early 1900s the botanist Willis Linn Jepson characterized Monterey Peninsula's forests as the "most important silva ever", and encouraged Samuel F. B. Morse of the Del Monte Properties Company to explore the possibilities of preserving the unique forest communities. Willis Linn Jepson (born August 19, 1867 at Little Oak Ranch, near Vacaville California; died November 7, 1946, Berkeley Samuel Finley Breese Morse ( April 27, 1791 &ndash April 2, 1872) was an American painter of portraits and historic Del Monte Foods ( is an American food production and distribution company based in San Francisco, California. ^[11]) The dune area is no less important, as it hosts endangered species such as the vascular plants Seaside birds beak, Hickman's potentilla and Eastwood's Ericameria. An endangered species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming Extinct because it is either few in numbers or threatened by changing environmental or predation This is an article about vascular tissue in plants For transport in animals see Circulatory system. Hickman's potentilla ( Potentilla hickmanii) is an endangered perennial Herb of the rose family For other species of rabbitbrush see Chrysothamnus Ericameria is a genus of shrubs in the daisy family known by the common Rare plants also inhabit the chaparral: Hickman's onion, Yadon's piperia (Piperia yadonii) and Sandmat manzanita. Organicsalsajpg||thumb|right|Onions used in salsa.]]Cooked onions in frying pan Piperia yadonii, also known as Yadon's Piperia or Yadon's rein orchid, is an endangered Orchid endemic to a narrow range of Other rare plants in Monterey include Hutchinson's delphinium, Tidestrom lupine, Gardner's yampah and Monterey Knotweed, the latter perhaps already extinct. Delphinium is a Genus of about 250 Species of annual biennial or perennial Flowering plants in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, In Biology and Ecology, extinction is the cessation of existence of a Species or group of taxa.

Monterey's environmental noise has been mapped to define the principal sources of noise and to ascertain the areas of population exposed to significant levels. Noise pollution (or environmental noise) is displeasing human- or machine-created sound that disrupts the activity or balance of human or animal life Principal sources are the Monterey Peninsula Airport, State Route 1 and major arterial streets such as Munras Avenue, Fremont Boulevard, Del Monte Boulevard, and Camino Aguajito. Monterey Peninsula Airport is a regional Airport located three miles (5 km) southeast of the Central business district (CBD of Monterey State Route 1, often called Highway 1, is a State highway that runs along much of the Pacific coast of the U While most of Monterey is a quiet residential city, a moderate number of people in the northern part of the city are exposed to aircraft noise at levels in excess of 60 db on the Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL)scale. Aircraft noise is defined as Sound produced by any aircraft or its components during various phases of a flight on the ground while parked such as auxiliary power The most intense source is State Route 1: all residents exposed to levels greater than 65 CNEL—about 1600 people—live near State Route 1 or one of the principal arterial streets. State Route 1, often called Highway 1, is a State highway that runs along much of the Pacific coast of the U

Climate

The climate of Monterey is regulated by its proximity to the Pacific Ocean. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions As a result, Monterey's average high temperature ranges from around 16° Celsius (60° Fahrenheit) in winter to 22° Celsius (72° Fahrenheit) during the summer months. Average annual precipitation is around 19. 5 inches (495 mm), with most rainfall occurring during California's wet season between November and April, while little or no precipitation falls during the summer months. During winter, snow occasionally falls in the higher elevations of the Santa Lucia Mountains and Gabilan Mountains that overlook Monterey, but snow in Monterey itself is extremely rare. The Santa Lucia Mountains or Santa Lucia Range is a Mountain range in coastal California, running from Monterey southeast for 105 miles (170 The Gabilan Range or Gabilan Mountains are located on the Pacific Coast Range of California's Central Coast trending in a northwest-southeast direction A few unusual events in February 1976 and December 1997 brought a light coating of snow to Monterey.

Demographics

As of the census^[12] of 2000, there were 29,674 people, 12,600 households, and 6,476 families residing in the city. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population The population density was 3,516. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 9 people per square mile (1,357. 5/km²). There were 13,382 housing units at an average density of 1,586. 0/sq mi (612. 2/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 80. 83% White, 2. 52% African American, 0. 57% Native American, 7. 43% Asian, 0. 29% Pacific Islander, 3. 91% from other races, and 4. 45% from two or more races. 10. 86% of the population were Hispanic.

There were 12,600 households out of which 21. 8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39. 5% were married couples living together, 8. NOTICE TO WOULD-BE ROMEOS ************** 4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 48. 6% were non-families. 37. 0% of all households consist of individuals and 11. 0% have a lone dweller who is over 64. The average household size was 2. 13 and the average family size was 2. 82.

The age distribution is as follows: 16. 6% under the age of 18, 13. 1% from 18 to 24, 33. 8% from 25 to 44, 21. 7% from 45 to 64, and 14. 9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 96. 8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96. 1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $49,109, and the median income for a family was $58,757. Income, refers to consumption opportunity gained by an entity within a specified time frame which is generally expressed in monetary terms Males had a median income of $40,410 versus $31,258 for females. The per capita income for the city was $27,133. Per capita income means how much each individual receives in monetary terms of the yearly income generated in the country About 4. 4% of families and 7. 8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6. The poverty threshold, or poverty line, is the minimum level of Income deemed necessary to achieve an adequate Standard of living in a given country 5% of those under age 18 and 4. 8% of those age 65 or over.

Arts

Monterey has a strong arts community. Museums abound in the city as do local and internationally known artists. Most notable is John Steinbeck, who lived in Salinas, nearby Pacific Grove and the city of Monterey, California. John Steinbeck III (February 27 1902—December 20 1968 was one of the best-known and most widely read American writers of the 20th century He immortalized Monterey with his novels Cannery Row, Tortilla Flat and East of Eden. Cannery Row is a novel by John Steinbeck. It was published in 1945 Tortilla Flat ( 1935) is an early Steinbeck novel set in Monterey California. East of Eden is a Novel by Nobel Prize winner John Steinbeck, published in September 1952 Among Steinbeck's friends are some of the city's more colorful characters, including Ed Ricketts, a marine biologist and Bruce Ariss artist and theatre enthusiast. Edward Flanders Robb Ricketts ( May 14, 1897 - May 11, 1948) commonly known as Ed Ricketts, was an American Marine Bruce Wallace Ariss Jr ( August 10, 1911 – September 1994 was an American Artist.

Among the great patrons of the arts is Virginia Stanton who is immortalized for her contributions with her name on the Museum of Maritime History near Old Fisherman's Wharf. Fisherman's Wharf MontereyJPG|thumb|left|250px|Entering Fisherman's Wharf]] Fisherman's Wharf is an historic Wharf in Monterey California. Monterey is also the home of the Thomas Kinkade National Archive. Thomas Kinkade (born January 19, 1958 in Sacramento California) is an American painter of realistic, Bucolic Many of Kinkade's original works can be viewed there.

Media

See also: Media in Monterey County

Local radio stations include KWAV-FM - 96.9, KBOQ-FM - 103.9, KIDD-AM - 630, KNRY-AM - 1240, and 1610-AM the city information station. Media in Monterey County is a designated market area (DMA or Media market that includes Print media ( Newspapers and Magazines and Broadcast KWAV is a commercial Radio station in Monterey California, broadcasting to the Santa Cruz - Monterey - Salinas California area on 96 For information about prior use of KBOQ please see KKHK KBOQ (K-Bach is a commercial classical Radio station in Monterey California KIDD (630 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting a Adult Standards/MOR format KNRY (1240 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting a News Talk Information format Television service for the community comes from the Monterey-Salinas-Santa Cruz designated market area (DMA). Locale newspapers include the Monterey County Herald. The Monterey County Herald, sometimes referred to as the Monterey Herald, is the major daily Newspaper published in Monterey California

Education

Primary and Secondary

The Monterey Peninsula Unified School District includes schools such as:

• Colton K-8 School
• Los Arboles Middle School
• Fitch Middle School
• Martin Luther King, Jr. School
• San Carlos K-8 School
• Monterey High School
• Seaside High School

Private Primary and Secondary

• York School

College and Postgraduate

• Monterey Institute of International Studies
• Monterey Peninsula College,^[13] part of the California Community Colleges system
• Naval Postgraduate School
• Monterey College of Law
• California State University, Monterey Bay
• Monterey Culinary Institute
• Defense Language Institute, Monterey Branch, located on the Presidio of Monterey, California

Notable Residents

• Mike Aldrete, a former American baseball player and current hitting coach for the Arizona Diamondbacks
• John Whitby Allen, famous model railroader
• Tory Belleci, MythBusters
• Pete Incaviglia, a former American baseball player who holds the single-season NCAA home run record at 48 and RBI record at 143
• Katerina Moutsatsou, Greek actress
• Leon Panetta, a former American politician
• Jeremy Sumpter, an American actor
• John Steinbeck, American author, bought a house in Monterey in 1944, was made to feel unwelcome, left for New York in 1945^[14]

References

• Augusta Fink, Monterey: The Presence of the Past, Chronicle Books, San Francisco, California (1972) ISBN 0877010723

• City of Monterey Parks and Recreation Master Plan, City of Monterey Parks and Recreation Department (1986)

• Environmental Hazards Element, city of Monterey, A part of the General Plan, February, 1977

• Flora and Fauna Resources: City of Monterey General Plan Technical Study, prepared for City of Monterey by Bainbridge Behrens Moore Inc. In Botany, flora ( Plural: floras or florae has two meanings The first meaning flora of an area or of time period, refers to all Fauna is all of the Animal life of any particular region or time , Nov. 2, 1977

• General Plan, City of Monterey, (1980)

• Helen Spangenberg, Yesterday's Artists of the Monterey Peninsula, Monterey museum of Art (1976)

• Prehistoric Sources Technical Study, prepared for the city of Monterey by Bainbridge Behrens Moore Inc. The Monterey Peninsula in central California comprises the cities of Monterey, Carmel, Pacific Grove, some unincorporated area of Monterey Stone Age Paleolithic See also Paleolithic, Recent African Origin, Early Homo sapiens, Early human migrations "Paleolithic" , May 23, 1977

Gallery

Fountain sculpture near Cannery Row, Monterey California	Beach walkway along Monterey Bay coastline.	Cannery Row at night	Sea wall with bird life
Brandt's Cormorant at San Carlos Beach	A sea lion rookery at the marina	A scene from Ocean View Boulevard	Museum interior with ship models and equipment
Kelp forest display at the Monterey Bay Aquarium	Historic fishermen's cabins at Cannery Row	View of Monterey Bay and its kelp	Frontal view of Colton Hall with holiday decorations
Side view of Colton Hall	Heermann's Gull	Harbor Seal, Pt. The Brandt's Cormorant ( Phalacrocorax penicillatus) is a strictly marine Bird of the Cormorant family of Seabirds that inhabits the A rookery is a colony of breeding animals The term is most commonly applied to the nesting place of Birds such as the Crow and rook, a bird similar Kelp forests are underwater areas with a high density of Kelp. Colton Hall, located in Monterey California, was built in the 1840's by Walter Colton who came to Monterey as a chaplain on Commodore Stockton's vessel and remained The Heermann's Gull ( Larus heermanni) is a Gull resident in the United States and Mexico. Lobos	Diver and Harbor Seal, Pt. Lobos
Scuba diver in kelp forest	Blue Rockfish in kelp forest	Tube Anemone at the Breakwater	Hermissenda sp. Scuba diving is swimming underwater, or taking part in another activity while using a Scuba set. Kelp forests are underwater areas with a high density of Kelp. nudibranch
View of Pacific Ocean near Monterey	Egg Yolk jellyfish adrift in Monterey Bay	Large ocean sunfish (Mola mola) at Monterey Bay Aquarium

http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1420/1272480544_9ba152f98a_m.jpg

External links

• City of Monterey Official Municipal Web Site
• Monterey County Vintners and Growers Association
• Monterey travel guide from Wikitravel
• National Trust for Historic Preservation on the Cooper-Molera Adobe
• Monterey Custom House
• Monterey Peninsula College Theatre

• Monterey, California is at coordinates 36°36′00″N 121°53′26″W / 36.60001, -121.890605 (Monterey, California)Coordinates: 36°36′00″N 121°53′26″W / 36.60001, -121.890605 (Monterey, California)

A nudibranch (pronounced (BrE or (AmE is a member of one Suborder of soft-bodied shell-less marine Opisthobranch Gastropod Mollusks The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions Phacellophora camtschatica, known as the fried egg jellyfish or egg-yolk jellyfish, is a very large Jellyfish, with a bell up to 60 cm (2 The ocean sunfish, Mola mola, or common mola, is the heaviest known bony fish in the world The Monterey Bay Aquarium, which is located on the site of a former sardine cannery on Cannery Row in Monterey California, is one of the largest Aquariums A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system.

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