For Félix du Temple's invention, see Monoplane (1874)

The low-wing of a de Havilland Dove. Félix du Temple de la Croix (1823&ndash1890 (usually simply called Félix du Temple) was a French naval officer and an inventor born into an ancient Normandy The du Temple Monoplane was a large Aeroplane made of Aluminium, built in Brest, France, by Félix du Temple in 1874 WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

The mid-wing of a de Havilland Vampire T11. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

The high-wing of a de Havilland Canada Dash 8.

The high (or "parasol") wing of a Beriev Be-8 flying boat. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

A monoplane is an aircraft with one main set of wing surfaces, in contrast to a biplane or triplane. A biplane is a Fixed-wing aircraft with two main Wings The first powered heavier-than-air Aircraft, the Wright brothers' Wright Flyer A triplane is a Fixed-wing aircraft equipped with three sets of wings each roughly the same size and mounted one above the other Since the late 1930s it has been the "ordinary" form for a fixed wing aircraft.

Types of monoplane

The main distinction in types of monoplane is how the wings attach to the fuselage:

• low-wing, the wing lower surface is level with (or below) the bottom of the fuselage
• mid-wing, the wing is mounted mid-way up the fuselage
• shoulder-wing, the wing is mounted above the fuselage middle
• high-wing, the wing upper surface is level with or above the top of the fuselage

The term parasol monoplane, is more or less obsolete - it used to be applied to a high-wing monoplane, especially one where the wing was mounted well above the fuselage. The fuselage (from the French fuselé "spindle-shaped" is an Aircraft 's main body section that holds crew and passengers or Cargo

History

Félix du Temple's 1874 Monoplane. The du Temple Monoplane was a large Aeroplane made of Aluminium, built in Brest, France, by Félix du Temple in 1874

Probably the first monoplane was the Monoplane built in 1874 by Felix du Temple de la Croix, a large plane made of aluminium in Brest, France, with a wingspan of 13 meters and a weight of only 80 kilograms (without the pilot). The du Temple Monoplane was a large Aeroplane made of Aluminium, built in Brest, France, by Félix du Temple in 1874 Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Félix du Temple de la Croix (1823&ndash1890 (usually simply called Félix du Temple) was a French naval officer and an inventor born into an ancient Normandy WikipediaNaming Brest (bʁɛst in French, in Breton) is a city in the Finistère department in Bretagne in northwestern France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The wingspan (or just span) of an airplane or a Bird, is the distance from the left wingtip to the right wingtip Several trials were made with the plane, and it is generally recognized that it achieved lift off under its own power after a ski-jump run, glided for a short time and returned safely to the ground, possibly making it the first successful powered flight in history, depending on the definition — since the flight was only a short distance and a short time, and of course was not truly under control.

Another early monoplane was constructed by Romanian inventor Traian Vuia, who made a flight of 12 m (40 feet) on March 18, 1906. Traian Vuia (traˈjan ˈvuja August 17, 1872 - September 3, 1950) was a Romanian inventor who designed built and flew the first Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting

Richard Pearse of New Zealand had built a monoplane in which he made attempts at controlled powered flight on the 31st of March 1903, although the lack of outside knowledge of his achievements meant that his design had almost no influence in the general development of the aeroplane. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting

The first successful aircraft were biplanes, but many important pioneering aircraft were monoplanes, for instance Louis Blériot flew across the English Channel in 1909 in a mid-wing monoplane of his own design. Louis Blériot ( July 1 1872 in Cambrai, France &ndash August 1 1936 in Paris, France) was a Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting The Fokker Eindecker of 1915 was a successful fighter aircraft. The Fokker Eindecker was a German First World War Monoplane single-seat Fighter aircraft designed by Dutch engineer Anthony Fokker Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year A fighter aircraft is a Military aircraft designed primarily for air-to-air combat with other Aircraft, as opposed to a Bomber, which is designed

Nonetheless, monoplanes generally went out of fashion from about 1914, and remained so until the 1930s. This was by no means as strange as it might seem in retrospect. In the days when most aeroplane wings were thin, lightly built structures, braced by struts, steel wire or cables - the biplane wing had very real structural and aerodynamic advantages. See also Strut (disambiguation StRUT ( St udents R ecycling U sed T echnology are three separate organizations Early monoplane wings tended to be liable to twist in flight, rendering proper lateral control very difficult. They were also much more liable to breakage in flight.

Once all metal construction and the cantilever wing became common, however, the day of the biplane very quickly ended, and the monoplane became the usual configuration for an aeroplane. A cantilever is a beam supported on only one end The beam carries the load to the support where it is resisted by moment and Shear stress. Most military aircraft of WW2 were monoplanes, as have been virtually all piston and jet powered aircraft since. A military aircraft is any fixed-wing or rotary-wing Aircraft that is in the current employ of a Military power World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including specific --->A jet engine is a Reaction engine that discharges a fast moving jet of Fluid to

See also

• Biplane
• Triplane