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In music, monophony is the simplest of textures, consisting of melody without accompanying harmony. Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. In Music, texture is the overall quality of sound of a piece, most often indicated by the number of voices in the music and by the relationship between In Music, a melody (from Greek μελῳδία - melōidía, "singing chanting" also tune, voice, or In Western music, harmony is the use of different pitches simultaneously and chords actual or implied in Music. This may be realized as just one note at a time, or with the same note duplicated at the octave (such as often when men and women sing together). In Music, the term note has two primary meanings 1 a sign used in Musical notation to represent the relative duration and pitch of a Sound; In Music, an octave ( is the the use of which is "common in most musical systems If the entire melody is sung by two voices or a choir with an interval between the notes or in unison, it is also said to be in monophony. In Music, a unison () is an interval, the ratio of 11 or 0 half steps and zero cents. Music in which all the notes sung are in unison is called monophonic. Musical texture is determined in song and music by varying different components. In Music, texture is the overall quality of sound of a piece, most often indicated by the number of voices in the music and by the relationship between Songs intersperse monophony, heterophony, polyphony, homophony, or monody elements throughout the melody to create atmosphere and style. In Music, heterophony is a type of texture created through the simultaneous variation of a melodic line In Music, polyphony is a texture consisting of two or more independent Melodic voices, as opposed to music with just one voice ( Monophony In Music, homophony (hoʊˈmɒfəni from Greek "homófonos" where ομοιο = the same and φωνή = a sound tone is a texture in which two or more In Poetry, the term monody has become specialized to refer to a poem in which one person laments another's death Monophony may also have a complex rhythmic element, as when percussion accompanies a melody in some types of Chinese or Indian music. Rhythm (from Greek ῥυθμός - rhythmos, "any measured flow or movement symmetry" is the variation of the length and accentuation of The Music of China dates back to the dawn of Chinese civilization with documents and artefacts providing evidence of a well-developed musical culture as The music of India' includes multiple varieties of folk, popular, pop, and classical music.

According to Adris Butterfield (1997), monophony "is the dominant mode of the European vernacular genres as well as of Latin song [. . . ] in polyphonic works, it remains a central compositional principle. In Music, polyphony is a texture consisting of two or more independent Melodic voices, as opposed to music with just one voice ( Monophony Musical composition is an original piece of Music the structure of a musical piece the process of creating a new " Polyphony has two or more independent melodic voices. In Music, polyphony is a texture consisting of two or more independent Melodic voices, as opposed to music with just one voice ( Monophony Monophony is one voice in music rather like a soliloquoy.

Contents

Styles

Plainchant

Plainchant or Plainsong with its single unaccompanied vocal melody is one of the principle examples of monophony. For the band see " Plainsong (band " For the song on The Cure's 1989 album see " Disintegration " For the band see " Plainsong (band " For the song on The Cure's 1989 album see " Disintegration " Sung by multiple voices in unison (i. e. the same pitch and rhythm), this music is still considered monophonic. Plainsong was the first and foremost musical style of Italy, Ireland, Spain, and France. For the band see " Plainsong (band " For the song on The Cure's 1989 album see " Disintegration " The modern state of Italy did not come into being until 1861 though the roots of music on the Italian peninsula can be traced back to the music of Ancient Rome.

 Music sample:

Pange Lingua sung

This is the plainchant version (mode iii) of Pange Lingua sung to its traditional Latin text.
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 Music sample:

The Four Ogives Image:Erik Satie - Ogive No.1.mid

Erik Satie The Four Ogives. Their calm, slow melodies are built up from paired phrases reminiscent of plainchant.
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Monophony with instrumental doubling

DeLone et al. (1975, p. 99) more loosely defines monophony as "passages, movements, or sections in which notes sound alone, despite instrumental doubling" even if "such passages may involve several instruments or voices. "

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Chant styles

Mozarabic chant, Byzantine Chant, Beneventan chant, Ambrosian chant, Gregorian chant and others were various forms of Medieval music which were all monophonic. Mozarabic chant (also known as Hispanic chant, Old Hispanic chant, Old Spanish chant, or Visigothic chant) is the liturgical plainchant Byzantine music is the music of the Byzantine Empire composed to Greek texts as ceremonial festival or church music Beneventan chant is a liturgical plainchant repertory of the Roman Catholic Church used primarily in the orbit of the southern Italian ecclesiastical centers Ambrosian chant (also known as Milanese chant) is the liturgical plainchant repertory of the Ambrosian rite of the Roman Catholic Church related History Gregorian chant was organized codified and notated mainly in the Frankish lands of western and central Europe during the 12th and 13th centuries with later additions The term medieval music encompasses European music written during the Middle Ages. Many of these monophonic chants were written as the first sheet music and preserved in hand written manuscripts and bound. Sheet music is a hand-written or printed form of Musical notation; like its analogs -- books pamphlets etc Dodecachordon was published by the Swiss Renaissance composer Heinrich Glarean (also Glareanus) and included plainsong or Gregorian chant and monophony. Heinrich Glarean (also Glareanus) (June 1488– March 28, 1563) was a Swiss music theorist, poet and humanist For the band see " Plainsong (band " For the song on The Cure's 1989 album see " Disintegration " History Gregorian chant was organized codified and notated mainly in the Frankish lands of western and central Europe during the 12th and 13th centuries with later additions Image:Liber Usualis 0340b.mid. Guido d'Arezzo wrote the 'Micrologus', which identified musical symbols. Guido of Arezzo or Guido Aretinus or Guido da Arezzo or Guido Monaco or Guido D'Arezzo (991/992&ndashafter 1033 was a music theorist Later, Petrus de Cruce was the founding father of the notational system. Petrus de Cruce (Pierre de la Croix was active as a Cleric, Composer and theorist in the late part of the 13th century See also Modern musical symbols Music notation or musical notation is any system which represents aurally perceived Music through the use The Roman Catholic Church adopted the Gregorian chant as early as AD 70 and this unaccompanied sacred song is still used for worship. [1]

Gregorian chant of the Kyrie
Gregorian chant of the Kyrie

Sacred monophony

Music of India

Indian classical music is an ancient form of music therapy where monophonic melodies called ragas are played to activate "chakras" (Chi energy wheels) to attain realization on the Kundalini yogic path. Kýrie is from the Greek word κύριε (kyrie the Vocative case of κύριος (kyrios meaning O Lord. The origins of Indian classical music can be found from the oldest of Scriptures part of the Hindu tradition the Vedas. Kundalini (kuṇḍalinī sa कुण्डलिनी Sanskrit, literally "coiled" Drone instruments, are followed by the soloist, then accompanists and percussionists. In music a drone is a harmonic or monophonic effect or Accompaniment where a note or chord is continuously sounded throughout much

For more information see also Music history of India. The origins of Indian classical music ( marga) the classical music of India, can be found from the oldest of scriptures part of the Hindu tradition [2]

Troubador song monophony

Most Troubador songs were monophonic. A troubadour ( IPA:, originally) was a composer and performer of Occitan Lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages (1100&ndash1350 Aristocratic troubadours and trouvères played religious devotion in courtly performances for kings, queens, and countesses. Guillaume de Machaut, poet and composer in the 14th century produced many songs which can be seen as extensions of the Provençal Troubador tradition, such as his secular monophonic lais and virelais. Guillaume de Machaut, sometimes spelled Machault (c 1300 – April 1377 was an important Medieval French Poet and Composer. Provençal ( Provençau) is one of several dialects of Occitan spoken by a minority of people mostly in Provence (in southern France Jehan de Lescurel (or Jehannot de l'Escurel), poet and composer northern French Trouvère) also wrote monophonic songs in the style of virelais, ballades, rondeaux and diz entés. Jehan de Lescurel (also Jehannot de l'Escurel (died May 23, 1304) was a medieval Poet and Composer. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Trouvère ( MWCD: /trü'ver trü'vər/ sometimes spelled trouveur, is the Northern French ( Langue d'oïl) form of the word Troubadour Minnesänger were similar to the French style but in Middle High German. Minnesang was the tradition of lyric and Song writing in Germany which flourished in the 12th century and continued into the 14th century [3]

A work by Guillaume de Machaut.
A work by Guillaume de Machaut. Guillaume de Machaut, sometimes spelled Machault (c 1300 – April 1377 was an important Medieval French Poet and Composer.

Lutheran Church chorale

Monophony was the first type of texture in the Lutheran Church Hymn or chorale, which became polyphonic around 1524. A chorale was originally a Hymn of the Lutheran church sung by the entire congregation

Geisslerlieder or Flagellant songs

Geisslerlieder, or Flagellant songs were monophonic Laude spirituale songs used in the 13th and 17th century by flagellants, and recorded in the medieval chronicle Chronicon Hugonis sacerdotis de Rutelinga (1349). In Medieval music, the Geisslerlieder, or Flagellant songs, were the Songs of the "Lauda" redirects here For the former F1 racing driver see Niki Lauda. [4]

See also

Sources

  1. ^ Orthodox Chant - Past and PresentURL accessed January 18, 2007]
  2. ^ Spiritual Aspects of Hindustani Indian Classical Music
  3. ^ crusades article template Music of the Crusades Era URL accessed January 18, 2007] URL accessed January 18, 2007]
  4. ^ Medieval secular song: Introduction URL accessed January 18, 2007]

External links

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