- This is about the Welsh town of Monmouth. For other uses, see Monmouth (disambiguation).
| Monmouth | |
| Welsh: Trefynwy | |
  Monmouth shown within the United Kingdom |
|
| Population | 8,547 |
|---|---|
| OS grid reference | |
| Principal area | Monmouthshire |
| Ceremonial county | Gwent |
| Constituent country | Wales |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | MONMOUTH |
| Postcode district | NP25 |
| Dialling code | 01600 |
| Police | Gwent |
| Fire | South Wales |
| Ambulance | Welsh |
| European Parliament | Wales |
| UK Parliament | Monmouth |
| List of places: UK • Wales • Monmouthshire | |
Monmouth (Welsh: Trefynwy = "town on the Monnow") is a town in southeast Wales and traditional county town of the historic county of Monmouthshire. Welsh ( cy Cymraeg or cy y Gymraeg, kəmˈrɑːɨɡ and {{IPA|[ə ɡəmˈrɑːɨɡ]}}, is a member of the Brythonic branch of Celtic The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using Latitude and Longitude For Local government purposes Wales is divided into 22 Unitary authorities, which are responsible for the provision of all local government services including education Ancient county See also Monmouthshire (historic The ancient county of Monmouthshire was formed from the Welsh Marches by the Laws in Wales The Preserved counties of Wales are the current areas used in Wales for ceremonial purposes such as Lieutenancy. Gwent may refer to Kingdom of Gwent County of Gwent Constituent country is a phrase used often by official institutions in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity or grouping This list of sovereign states, alphabetically arranged gives an overview of States around the world with information on the extent of their Sovereignty. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A post town is a required part of all postal addresses in the United Kingdom, and a basic unit of the postal delivery system UK Postal codes are known as postcodes. UK postcodes are Alphanumeric. The, also known as the Newport postcode area, is a group of postal districts around Newport, Wales. The UK Telephone numbering plan, also known as the National Telephone Numbering Plan, is the system used for assigning Telephone numbers in the United There are a number of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom. Gwent Police (Heddlu Gwent is the Territorial police force responsible for policing the local authority areas of Blaenau Gwent, Caerphilly, Monmouthshire The fire service in the United Kingdom operates under separate legislative and administrative arrangements in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and The South Wales Fire and Rescue Service (Gwasanaeth Tân ac Achub De Cymru is the fire and rescue service covering the ten Welsh principal areas of The Welsh Ambulance Service (also called the Welsh Ambulance Services NHS Trust or Ymddiriedolaeth GIG Gwasanaethau Ambiwlans Cymru) was established on April 1 1998 Wales is a Constituency of the European Parliament. It currently elects 4 MEPs using the D'Hondt method of Party-list proportional representation This is a list of the 646 constituencies currently represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, as at the 2005 general election For constituencies which may be confused with this constituency see Monmouth constituency Monmouth is a County constituency of the A Gazetteer of place names in the United Kingdom showing each place's County, Unitary authority or council area and its geographical coordinates List of places --> List of cities in the United Kingdom List of towns in Wales Lists of This is a list of places in Monmouthshire, Wales, sorted alphabetically A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Welsh ( cy Cymraeg or cy y Gymraeg, kəmˈrɑːɨɡ and {{IPA|[ə ɡəmˈrɑːɨɡ]}}, is a member of the Brythonic branch of Celtic A town is a type of settlement ranging from a few to several thousand (occasionally hundreds of thousands inhabitants although it may be applied loosely even to huge metropolitan A county town is the 'capital' of a County in the United Kingdom or Republic of Ireland. The historic counties of Wales are ancient subdivisions of Wales. Monmouthshire, also known as the County of Monmouth (Sir Fynwy is one of thirteen ancient counties of Wales and a former administrative county It is situated where the River Monnow meets the River Wye with bridges over both [1]. The River Monnow ( Welsh: Afon Mynwy) flows through south-west Herefordshire, England and eastern Monmouthshire, This article is about the river that flows along or close to the Anglo-Welsh border
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Character
Monmouth boasts a medieval 13th-century stone gated bridge at Monnow Bridge [2], unique in Britain as it is the only preserved bridge of its design remaining. A bridge is a Structure built to span a Gorge, Valley, Road, railroad track, River, Body of water Monnow Bridge is the only remaining Mediæval fortified river Bridge in Great Britain with its gate tower still standing on the bridge. There is also a long bridge over the River Wye [3]. This article is about the river that flows along or close to the Anglo-Welsh border After centuries of waiting a second bridge over the Monnow was finally opened on March 15, 2004, thus allowing the old bridge to become pedestrianised. Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus, "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Car-free zones (also known as auto-free zones and pedestrian zones) are areas of a city or town in which automobile traffic is prohibited This project has, however, meant the demolition of the old cattle market, thus Monmouth is no longer the traditional market town it has traditionally been; however, a farmers' market selling local produce is still held. Sao Paulo Stock Exchangejpg|thumb| Virtual market arena where buyer and seller are not present and trade via intemediates and electronical information Farmers' markets, sometimes called greenmarkets, are Markets usually held out-of-doors in public spaces where Farmers can sell produce
Monmouth is very much a town of schools. A school (from Greek σχολεῖον - scholeion) is an Institution designed to allow and encourage Students (or "pupils" Apart from the comprehensive school with over 1600 pupils, there are two independent schools - Monmouth School [4] (founded 1614) and Haberdashers' Monmouth School for Girls [5] (founded 1892). A comprehensive school is a Secondary school and State school for children from the age of 11 to at least 16 that does not select children on the basis of academic An independent school is a school which is not dependent upon national or local Government for financing its operation and is instead operated by tuition charges gifts and Monmouth School is a Public school for boys in Monmouth, Monmouthshire in south east Wales. Year 1892 ( MDCCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year There are also several state primary schools, with most areas served by both infants' and juniors' Schools. See also Primary education A primary school (from French école primaire) is an institution where children receive the first stage of Compulsory An Infant school is a type of School which caters for young children usually between the ages of 4 and 7 years A junior school is a type of School which caters for children often between the ages of 4 and 11
The annual Monmouth Show has been held each year (traditionally on the last Thursday of August) since 1919 (when it was called the Monmouthshire County Show), though its history can be traced back further to 30 May 1857 when the eighth Duke of Beaufort and Sir Charles Morgan M. Monmouth Show is the largest one-day Agricultural show in Wales, taking place annually in Monmouth. Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Click here for Indian Rebellion of 1857 Year 1857 ( MDCCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the P. put up the funds for a Monmouth Cattle Show, and even prior to that there had been an agricultural society in existence in the town dating back to the 1790s, which held ploughing competitions. Events and trends French Revolution ( 1789 - 1799) It is considered to have effectively ended on November 9, 1799 when
The Savoy Theatre in Church Street, built on the site of the oldest theatre in Wales,[1] functions as both a cinema and theatre. There are numerous pubs in the centre of Monmouth, including Old Nags Head, Queen's Head, Punch House, The Griffin, The Gloucester, The Vinetree, The Kings Head, The Three Horseshoes, The Green Dragon and The Gatehouse. Some of these hold pub quizzes and live music throughout the week. A pub quiz is a Quiz held in a Public house. It is a largely British phenomenon which reached its peak in the early 1990s
Monmouth is twinned with Carbonne, France and Waldbronn, Germany. Carbonne is a commune of the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Waldbronn is a Municipality in the district of Karlsruhe, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.
History
Archaeological excavations undertaken by the Monmouth Archaeological Society on various sites along Monnow Street have uncovered a wealth of information about the early history of the town. Indeed, the Council for British Archaeology have designated Monmouth as one of the top ten towns in Britain for archaeology. Established in 1944 the '''Council for British Archaeology''' (CBA is an educational charity working throughout the UK to involve people in archaeology and to promote [2]
Roman Times
Monmouth as an organised settlement dates back to the times of the Roman occupation of Britain. Blestium was a small Town and probable fort in Roman Wales within the Roman province of Britannia Superior, part of Roman Britain Roman Britain refers to those parts of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire between AD 43 and 410 The Romans called it Blestium, and it was part of a network of Roman forts covering the region, linked to Abergavenny or Gobannium, Usk known as Burrium, later Caerleon, and Gloucester and modern local archaeologists and historians have found items of Roman pottery and coinage that date from that period. Blestium was a small Town and probable fort in Roman Wales within the Roman province of Britannia Superior, part of Roman Britain Abergavenny (Y Fenni meaning Mouth of the River Gavenny, is a Market town in Monmouthshire, Wales. This is about the town in Monmouthshire For the hamlet in British Columbia see Usk British Columbia. Burrium was a legionary fortress in the Roman province of Britannia Superior or Roman Britain. Caerleon (Caerllion is a suburban village and community, situated on the River Usk in the northern outskirts of the city of Newport, South Gloucester (ˈɡlɒstɚ) is a city, district and County town of Gloucestershire in the South West region of England.
Middle Ages
The town appears in the Domesday Book, and for the 11th century and 12th century the town and surrounding areas were ruled by Norman French lords after the conquest of England by William the Conqueror in 1066. The Domesday Book (ˈduːmzdeɪ bʊk also known as Domesday, or Book of Winchester) was the record of the great survey The Normans were the people who gave their names to Normandy, a region in northern France. William I of England ( 1027 His reign which brought Norman culture to England had an enormous impact on the subsequent course of England in the Middle Ages During this time, Monmouth Castle [6] was built, in 1067 under William Fitz-Osbern of Breteuil, Normandy, a significant castle-builder, holding commanding views over the surrounding area from a sound defensive site. Monmouth Castle is a Castle site in the town of Monmouth, County town of Monmouthshire, south east Wales. William fitzOsbern (c 1020 &ndash February 22, 1071) Lord of Breteuil, in Normandy, was a relative and close counsellor of William the Normandy (Normandie Norman: Normaundie) is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. Initially it would have been a motte and bailey castle, rebuilt in stone and later refortified and developed over time. nA motte-and-bailey is a form of Castle. Many were built in Britain, Ireland and France in the 11th and 12th centuries favored as a relatively A castle is a defensive structure seen as one of the main symbols of the Middle Ages.
A Benedictine priory [7] was also created in 1101,[3] and it was traditionally there that Geoffrey of Monmouth - author of the Historia Regum Britanniae (History of the Kings of Britain) - gained his education. Benedictine refers to the Spirituality and Consecrated life in accordance with the Rule of St Benedict, written by Benedict of Nursia in A priory is a House of men or women under religious vows headed by a Prior or prioress Geoffrey of Monmouth ( Gruffudd ap Arthur or Sieffre o Fynwy) (c The Historia Regum Britanniae ( English: The History of the Kings of Britain) is a pseudohistorical account of British history A fortified bridge [8] was built during the 13th century. This is about the Welsh town of Monmouth For other uses see Monmouth (disambiguation.
The castle came into the possession of the House of Lancaster through the marriage of John of Gaunt to Blanche, a Monmouth based heiress. A castle is a defensive structure seen as one of the main symbols of the Middle Ages. The House of Lancaster was a branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet. John of Gaunt 1st Duke of Lancaster (second creation 1st Duke of Aquitaine (6 March 1340 &ndash 3 February 1399 was a member of the House of Plantagenet, the third John of Gaunt strengthened the castle, adding the Great Hall.
In 1387, Henry V was born in Monmouth Castle in the Queens Chamber within the gatehouse. Henry V (16 September 1386 &ndash 31 August 1422 was one of the most significant English warrior kings of the 15th century Monmouth Castle is a Castle site in the town of Monmouth, County town of Monmouthshire, south east Wales. The castle became a favourite residence of the House of Lancaster. Henry would win the Battle of Agincourt in 1415. The Battle of Agincourt was an English victory against a larger French army in the Hundred Years' War. Many parts of Monmouth, including the town's main square, are named after this battle.
During the rebellion of Owain Glyndwr between 1400 and 1412 Monmouth Castle and town was not attacked by Welsh forces, however skirmishes and battles were fought in the area, such as at Campston Hill when Prince Henry's men followed a retreating force of Glyndwr's, capturing the Welsh standard and killing the standard bearer, Ellis ap Richard ap Howell ap Morgan Llwyd. Owain Glyndŵr (pronounced 'owain glin'dwr or Owain Glyn Dŵr, Anglicised by Shakespeare into Owen Glendower (c Other battles took place at nearby at Craig-y-Dorth, at Grosmont and Usk, such as the Battle of Pwll Melyn. Grosmont can refer to the following locations Grosmont Monmouthshire, Wales Grosmont North Yorkshire, England Grosmont This is about the town in Monmouthshire For the hamlet in British Columbia see Usk British Columbia. The Battle of Pwll Melyn, also known as the Battle of Usk, was part of the Welsh revolt against English rule that lasted from 1400 Grosmont town was razed and Abergavenny and Crickhowell attacked. Grosmont can refer to the following locations Grosmont Monmouthshire, Wales Grosmont North Yorkshire, England Grosmont Abergavenny (Y Fenni meaning Mouth of the River Gavenny, is a Market town in Monmouthshire, Wales. Crickhowell ( Crug Hywel, Crughywel, or Crucywel in Welsh) is a small Town in Powys, Mid Wales.
Post-Medieval times
In 1605, James I granted Monmouth a town charter by letters patent. James VI and I (19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625 was King of Scotland as James VI, and King of England and King of Ireland as James A city charter or town charter (generically municipal charter) is a legal Document establishing a Municipality such as a City or Letters patent are a type of Legal instrument in the form of an Open letter issued by a Monarch or Government, granting an office right The granting of the charter included the charge that the town "at all perpetual future times . . . be and remain a town and borough of Peace and Quiet, to the example and terror of the wicked and reward of the good". [4]
The layout of the town as depicted in Speede's map of 1610 would be easily recognisable to present day inhabitants, with the layout of the main axis from the castle via the main street, Monnow Street, to the bridge clearly visible. Monnow street is a typical market street, in being wide in the middle (for those selling) and narrow at each end (to help prevent the livestock escaping).
Four railways were built to serve Monmouth between 1857 and 1883 - they were gradually closed between 1917 and 1964, since when Monmouth has not had any rail services. Click here for Indian Rebellion of 1857 Year 1857 ( MDCCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. One of them has now been replaced by a major road, built along the same route.
Notable persons
Famous persons associated with Monmouth include:
- Geoffrey of Monmouth, born in 1090 and wrote Historia Regum Britanniae, the "History of British Kings"
- Henry V, born in Monmouth castle in 1387, immortalised in his victory at Agincourt and the square in the town is named after this battle. Geoffrey of Monmouth ( Gruffudd ap Arthur or Sieffre o Fynwy) (c The Historia Regum Britanniae ( English: The History of the Kings of Britain) is a pseudohistorical account of British history Henry V (16 September 1386 &ndash 31 August 1422 was one of the most significant English warrior kings of the 15th century A castle is a defensive structure seen as one of the main symbols of the Middle Ages. Azincourt (historically Agincourt in English) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in northern France.
- James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, leader of the Monmouth Rebellion of 1685
- William Jones, a liveryman of Worshipful Company of Haberdashers and founder of the first of the town's grammar schools. James Crofts, later James Scott 1st Duke of Monmouth and 1st Duke of Buccleuch ( April 9 1649 &ndash July 15 1685) was an English The Monmouth Rebellion of 1685, also known as the Pitchfork Rebellion, was an attempt to overthrow James II, who had become King of England at The Worshipful Company of Haberdashers is one of the Livery Companies of the City of London. (The second was founded late in the nineteenth century, directly by the Haberdashers' Company. )
- Admiral Horatio Nelson, who paid two visits to the town and approved a naval temple on the nearby Kymin Hill. Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson 1st Viscount Nelson 1st Duke of Bronté, KB (29 September 1758– 21 October 1805 was a British The Kymin, or Kymin Hill, is a hill overlooking Monmouth, in Monmouthshire, Wales. The Nelson Museum, Monmouth is home to one of the largest collections of Nelson material, bequeathed to the town by Lady Llangattock (d. The Nelson Museum is a Museum situated in Monmouth, Monmouthshire, south east Wales and which holds a very valuable collection of artifacts closely 1923), mother of Charles Rolls.
- Charles Rolls, who lived at The Hendre near Monmouth and was co-founder of the Rolls-Royce company, was the first man to make a non-stop double crossing of the English Channel by plane. The Honourable Charles Stewart Rolls ( August 27, 1877 - July 12, 1910) was together with Frederick Henry There is a statue of Charles Rolls in Agincourt Square [9].
- Dave Edmunds, rock musician, who was instrumental in the conception of the nationally famous Rockfield Studios, situated just outside the town, where Queen recorded their hit Bohemian Rhapsody. Dave Edmunds (born 15 April, 1944 in Cardiff, Wales) is a Welsh Singer, Guitarist and Record producer Rockfield Studios, near Monmouth in Wales and just outside the village of Rockfield, are where many of British rock music’s most successful recordings Queen were an English rock band formed in 1970 in London by guitarist is a Song written by Freddie Mercury and originally recorded by the band Queen for their 1975 album ''A Night at the Opera''.
- Jake Thackray, poet and singer-songwriter, retired and spent the rest of his life in Monmouth. John Philip "Jake" Thackray ( 27 February 1938 &ndash 24 December 2002) was an English Poet and Singer-songwriter
- Among the famous ex-pupils of Monmouth School are politicians Lord Moynihan and Cliff Tucker, international rugby players Eddie Butler, John Gwilliam, Tony Jordan and Keith Jarrett, equestrian David Broome, Glamorgan and England cricketer Steve James, actors Richard Marner and Victor Spinetti, and rock musician Grant Nicholas. Monmouth School is a Public school for boys in Monmouth, Monmouthshire in south east Wales. Colin Berkeley Moynihan 4th Baron Moynihan (born September 13 1955 is a former Olympic coxswain who became a politician Clifford Lewis Tucker ( December 18, 1912 — May 21, 1993) was a British industrial relations executive Magistrate and politician Edward Thomas "Eddie" Butler (Born May 11 1957) is a former Welsh Rugby Union player who won 16 caps for the team between 1980 John Albert Gwilliam (born 28 February 1923) captained the Wales Rugby Union Team when they achieved Grand Slams in 1950 and 1952 Keith Jarrett (born May 18 1948 in Newport, Monmouthshire) was a Welsh Rugby centre who played union for David McPherson Broome CBE (born March 1 1940) is a retired Welsh Show jumping champion Steve James can refer to multiple people Steve James (producer, American Producer and Director Steve James (cricketer, an English cricketer Alexander (Sacha Molchanoff ( 27 March, 1921 - 18 March, 2004) was a Russian born British Actor. Victor Spinetti (born 2 September 1933) is a Welsh comic actor. Grant Nicholas (Sometimes AKA Grantley) (born 12 November 1967, Newport, Monmouthshire) is the lead Singer of
- St. Philip Evans - Jesuit priest and martyr. Philip Evans is the name of Philip Evans and John Lloyd, saints Phil Evans, South African football (soccer player Philip
Etymology
It is generally believed Monmouth is a contraction of 'Monnow-Mouth', and is pronounced by those who live in the area as 'Mon-muth', much like Bournemouth. Bournemouth ( is a large coastal resort town in the Borough of Bournemouth in Dorset, England. Deeper into Wales the town is often pronounced as 'Mun-muth', in the same way as London is pronounced "Lun-dun" and is arguably derived from Mynwy (Monnow) and Mydd (Mouth) (c. The River Monnow ( Welsh: Afon Mynwy) flows through south-west Herefordshire, England and eastern Monmouthshire, f. myn-mydd).
References
- ^ See Savoy theatre web site: http://www.savoytrust.org.uk/
- ^ See Keith Kissack, Monmouth and its Buildings, Logaston Press, 2003
- ^ Monmouth Priory. Retrieved on 2006-02-01. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen
- ^ Monmouth Town Council. Retrieved on 2006-02-01. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen
External links
- Monmouth Town Council
- The Haberdashers' Monmouth Schools
- Monmouth Comprehensive School
- Monmouth and District Community Website
- Monmouth Online Magazine
- Monmouth Show
- Nelson Museum
- Old photos of Monmouth
- Old photos and info on Monmouth's railway history
- Critique of Monmouth in the Telegraph
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