| Mohamed Farrah Aidid | |
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| In office June 15, 1995 – August 1, 1996 |
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| Preceded by | Ali Mahdi Muhammad |
| Succeeded by | Hussein Mohamed Farrah Aidid |
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| Born | December 15, 1934 Mudug Region, Somalia |
| Died | August 2, 1996 (aged 61) Mogadishu, Somalia |
| Nationality |  Somali |
| Political party | United Somali Congress/Somali National Alliance (USC/SNA) |
General Mohamed Farrah Aidid (Somali: Maxamed Faarax Caydiid; December 15, 1934 – August 2, 1996) was a controversial Somali leader, often described as a warlord[1]. This page contains a list of the Presidents of Somalia. See also History of Somalia List of Prime Ministers of Somalia Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) See also Somali Civil War, United Somali Congress Ali Mahdi Muhammad ( Cali Mahdi Maxamed, علي مهدي محمد (born 1938 was president of Hussein Mohamed Farrah ( Xuseen Maxamed Faarax و حسين محمد فرح born August 16, 1962 in Beledweyne, Somalia) is the son Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Mudug (Mudug is an administrative region ( gobolka) in central Somalia. Somalia ( Soomaaliya; الصومال) officially the Somali Republic ( Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya, جمهورية الصومال) and formerly known Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Mogadishu ( Somali: Muqdisho, popularly Xamar, Hamar; مقديشو Maqadīshū Somalia ( Soomaaliya; الصومال) officially the Somali Republic ( Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya, جمهورية الصومال) and formerly known Somalis ( Soomaaliyeed, الصوماليون are an ethnic group located in the Horn of Africa, also known as the Somali Peninsula. The United Somali Congress (USC is one of the major political and paramilitary organizations of Somalia. The Somali National Alliance ( SNA) was a political alliance formed in June 1992 with Mohamed Farrah Aidid as its head Somali ( Af Soomaali, الصوماليه is a member of the East Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family spoken by ethnic Somalis Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Somalia ( Soomaaliya; الصومال) officially the Somali Republic ( Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya, جمهورية الصومال) and formerly known A warlord is a person with power who has military control over a subnational area due to Armed forces loyal to the warlord and not to a central authority He was the chairman of United Somali Congress (USC) and later Somali National Alliance (SNA) who drove Mohamed Siad Barre’s dictatorial regime from the capital, Mogadishu and eventually from Somalia altogether. The United Somali Congress (USC is one of the major political and paramilitary organizations of Somalia. The United Somali Congress (USC is one of the major political and paramilitary organizations of Somalia. The Somali National Alliance ( SNA) was a political alliance formed in June 1992 with Mohamed Farrah Aidid as its head The Somali National Alliance ( SNA) was a political alliance formed in June 1992 with Mohamed Farrah Aidid as its head Mohamed Siad Barre (Maxamed Siyaad Barre محمّد سياد بري) (b Mogadishu ( Somali: Muqdisho, popularly Xamar, Hamar; مقديشو Maqadīshū Later he challenged the presence of United Nations and United States troops in the country. General Aidid was one of the main targets of Operation Restore Hope, the United Nations and United States military operation that came to the country to provide humanitarian aid and to break the military siege. Unified Task Force (UNITAF was a United States led United Nations sanctioned multinational force which operated in the Republic of Somalia from 9 He became General of Somalia for a short period after forcing UN forces to abandon the country in 1995 .
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Biography
Aidid was born in the Habr Gidr clan of the Mudug region of Somalia. See also Somali clan The Habar Gedir ( Habargidir) is a Somali clan, part of the larger Hawiye group Mudug (Mudug is an administrative region ( gobolka) in central Somalia. Somalia ( Soomaaliya; الصومال) officially the Somali Republic ( Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya, جمهورية الصومال) and formerly known He was educated in Rome and Moscow and served in the Italian colonial police force in the 1950s. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Later he rose in the military of Mohamed Siad Barre to the rank of general and served in the 1977-78 Ogaden War with Ethiopia. Mohamed Siad Barre (Maxamed Siyaad Barre محمّد سياد بري) (b The Ogaden War was a conventional conflict between Somalia and Ethiopia in 1977 and 1978 over the Ogaden region of Ethiopia NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page [1] Aidid also served in Barre's cabinet and as Somali ambassador to India before finally being appointed intelligence chief. An ambassador is the highest ranking Diplomat who represents their country India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country An intelligence agency is a governmental agency that is devoted to the Information gathering (known in the context as " intelligence " [2]
Somali Civil War
Barre suspected Aidid of planning a coup d'état and had him imprisoned for six years as means of pre-emption. Preemptive war (or a preemptive strike) is waged in an attempt to repel or defeat a perceived inevitable offensive or Invasion, or to gain a strategic advantage in In 1991, Aidid's clan did indeed manage to overthrow Barre, and the former, as leader of the United Somali Congress, emerged as a major force in the ensuing civil war. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. The United Somali Congress (USC is one of the major political and paramilitary organizations of Somalia. A civil war is a War between a State and domestic political actors that are in control of some part of the territory claimed by the state
- Further information: Somalian Revolution (1986-1992)
Opposition to UN intervention
As the civil war grew, with the breakdown of centralized government and no single successor to Barre's regime emerging, the term "warlord" came into use in Somalia. The Somali Revolution started in 1986 when Siad Barre began attacking clan-based dissident groups opposed to his rule with his special forces the Red Berets " The tribalism of clan-based rebel organizations, and a complex web of regional and local domination elevated warlords to be de facto rulers of the country. Aidid was considered chief amongst them. [3] However, he was defeated by a rival, which led to the opportunity for UN peace keepers to be brought in. [1]
General Aidid hindered international U. N. peacekeeping forces in 1992. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) As a result, the US put a $25,000 bounty on his head and attempted to arrest and try him for war crimes. War crimes are "violations of the laws or customs of war" including but not limited to "murder the ill-treatment or deportation of civilian residents of an occupied On October 3, 1993 a force of United States Army Rangers and Delta Force operators set out to capture several officials of Aidid's militia in an area of the Somali capital city of Mogadishu, controlled by him. Events 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) The United States Army Rangers or simply Army Rangers are specialized elite American light infantry and Special operations troops For the computer game see Delta Force (video game. For the movie see The Delta Force (film. Mogadishu ( Somali: Muqdisho, popularly Xamar, Hamar; مقديشو Maqadīshū Although technically successful, with the capture of several "tier-one personalities", the operation did not completely go as planned, between 500 and 1500 Somalis, as well as 18 American soldiers and 1 Malaysian soldier, died as a result in the First Battle of Mogadishu. The Battle of Mogadishu (also referred to as the Battle of the Black Sea) or
The United States withdrew its forces soon afterwards and the United Nations left Somalia in 1995. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995
- Further information: Unified Task Force, Operation Provide Relief, UNOSOM I, and UNOSOM II
President of Somalia
Aidid then declared himself President of Somalia in June 1995,[4] but his government was not internationally recognized. Unified Task Force (UNITAF was a United States led United Nations sanctioned multinational force which operated in the Republic of Somalia from 9 Operation Provide Relief was part of a United Nation (UN endorsed effort called The Unified Task Force ( UNITAF) to secure and facilitate humanitarian relief for the UNOSOM I (United Nations Operation in Somalia was the first part of a United Nations (UN sponsored effort to provide facilitate and secure humanitarian relief in Somalia UNOSOM II (United Nations Operation in Somalia was the second phase of the United Nations intervention in Somalia. Indeed within Somalia, and even within Mogadishu, his control was fiercely fought over, especially by Ali Mahdi Muhammad. See also Somali Civil War, United Somali Congress Ali Mahdi Muhammad ( Cali Mahdi Maxamed, علي مهدي محمد (born 1938 was president of
Aidid died on August 2, 1996 as a result of gunshot wounds sustained a week earlier in a fight with competing factions. Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar)
There have been persistent rumors (including articles in the Los Angeles Times and USA Today), that US Special Operations forces, or CIA Special Activities Division officers, were directly or indirectly involved with General Aidid's death. The Los Angeles Times (also known as the LA Times) is a daily Newspaper published in Los Angeles California and distributed USA TODAY is a national American daily Newspaper published by the Gannett Company. near as long as it used to be several months ago It has been actively summarized and split into sub-articles and there is a dynamic talk page discussion of all The Special Activities Division (SAD is a division of the Central Intelligence Agency 's former Directorate of Operations now the National Clandestine Service, responsible
Heir
Hussein Mohamed Farrah, son of General Aidid, migrated to the United States when he was 16 years old. Hussein Mohamed Farrah ( Xuseen Maxamed Faarax و حسين محمد فرح born August 16, 1962 in Beledweyne, Somalia) is the son He stayed 16 years in the nation and became a naturalized citizen, and later a United States Marine who served in Somalia. Naturalization is the acquisition of Citizenship or Nationality by somebody who was not a citizen or national of that country when he or she was born Two days after his father's death, the Somali National Alliance selected him to become the new president of the Republic of Somalia. Somalia ( Soomaaliya; الصومال) officially the Somali Republic ( Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya, جمهورية الصومال) and formerly known
He resigned his position in Cairo, Egypt following a peace process between the Salbalar administration and Soodare Group. Cairo () which means "the Vanquisher" or "the Triumphant" is the capital and largest city of Egypt. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Hussein Mohammed Farrah is seen by the West as a chance of improvement for the relationships between them and Somalia. When asked about his Marine days, he replied: "Once a Marine, always a Marine. "[5]
| Preceded by Ali Mahdi Mohamed |
President of Somalia June 15, 1995–August 1, 1996 |
Succeeded by Hussein Mohamed Farrah Aidid |
Footnotes
- ^ a b c Purvis, Andrew. See also Somali Civil War, United Somali Congress Ali Mahdi Muhammad ( Cali Mahdi Maxamed, علي مهدي محمد (born 1938 was president of This page contains a list of the Presidents of Somalia. See also History of Somalia List of Prime Ministers of Somalia Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Hussein Mohamed Farrah ( Xuseen Maxamed Faarax و حسين محمد فرح born August 16, 1962 in Beledweyne, Somalia) is the son "Wanted: Warlord No. 1", Time, June 28, 1993. Retrieved on 2007-01-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire.
- ^ Somali faction leader Aidid dies, CNN, August 2, 1996.
- ^ Key Somali Warlord Scorns U.N., Postpones Peace Talks MIT The Tech, January 6, 1993
- ^ President Aidid's Somalia (September 1995). Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Retrieved on 2007-02-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons
- ^ Kampeas, Ron. "From Marine to warlord: The strange journey of Hussein Farrah Aidid", Associated Press, 2 November 2002. Retrieved on 2007-02-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule
References
- Binney, Michael. Joint Close Air Support in the Low Intensity Conflict (thesis). Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School. June 2003.
- Bowden, Mark. Black Hawk Down: A Story of Modern War. Berkeley, California: Atlantic Monthly Press. March 1999.
- "Somali faction leader Aidid dies", CNN, August 2, 1996.
- Lutz, David. Hannover Institute of Philosophical Research. The Ethics of American Military Policy in Africa (research paper). Front Royal, Virginia: Joint Services Conference on Professional Ethics. 2000.
- McKinley, James. How a U. S. Marine Became a Warlord in Somalia. New York: The New York Times. August 16, 1996.
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