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Moesia Superior, Upper Moesia, Moesia Inferior and Lower Moesia all redirect to here.
Moesia (Greek: Μοισία, Moisía; Bulgarian: Мизия, Miziya; Romanian: Moesia; Serbian: Мезија, Mezija) was an ancient region and Roman province situated in the areas of modern Serbia, Bulgaria and Romania along the south bank of the Danube River. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group Romanian or Daco-Romanian ( dated: Rumanian or Roumanian; self designation limba română, ˈlimba roˈmɨnə is a Romance Serbian (sr-Cyrl српски језик sr-Latn ''srpski jezik'' is a South Slavic language, In Ancient Rome, a province (Latin provincia, pl provinciae) was the basic and until the Tetrarchy (circa Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania The Danube (In Donau from earlier Danuvius, Celtic *dānu, meaning "to flow run" Slovak and Polish Dunaj
In ancient geographical sources, Moesia was bounded to the south by the Balkans (Haemus) and Šar (Scardus, Scordus, Scodrus) mountains, to the west by the Drina river (Drinus), on the north by the Danube and on the east by the Euxine (Black Sea). The Balkan Mountain range ( Bulgarian and Стара планина Stara planina, "Old Mountain" The Šar Mountains (Malet e Sharrit, Шар Планина Šar planina) is a Mountain range that extends from southern Kosovo and the northwest The Drina ( Serbian and Bosnian: Дрина or Drina) is a river in the Balkan Peninsula. The Danube (In Donau from earlier Danuvius, Celtic *dānu, meaning "to flow run" Slovak and Polish Dunaj The Black Sea is an inland Sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolian peninsula ( Turkey The region was inhabited chiefly by Thracian and Illyrian peoples. "Thracians" also refers to modern inhabitants of Thrace, regardless of ethnicity The Illyrian languages are a group of Indo-European languages that were spoken in the western part of the Balkans in former times by groups identified as
The region took its name from the Moesi, a Thracian tribe that lived there before the Roman conquest 75 BC-c. The Moesi (Μοισοί were a Daco - Thracic tribe who inhabited part of what would become the Roman province of Moesia, which was named after 29 BC and formally became a Roman province of that name some years later (by 6 AD). In Ancient Rome, a province (Latin provincia, pl provinciae) was the basic and until the Tetrarchy (circa
Moesia was re-organized personally by the Emperor Domitian in 87 AD into two provinces: Moesia Superior - Upper Moesia, (meaning up river) and Moesia Inferior - Lower Moesia, (from the Danube river's mouth and then upstream) during relief efforts for the province after the Dacian cross-Danube raids of 86 and early 87 AD). Titus Flavius Domitianus (24 October 51 &ndash 18 September 96 commonly known as Domitian, was a Roman Emperor who reigned from 14 September 81 until his death The Dacian language was spoken by the ancient inhabitants of Dacia.
History
In 75 BC, C. Scribonius Curio, proconsul of Macedonia, took an army as far as the Danube and gained a victory over the inhabitants, who were finally subdued by M. Licinius Crassus, grandson of the triumvir and later also proconsul of Macedonia during the reign of Augustus c. Gaius Scribonius Curio was the name of a father and son who lived in the late Roman Republic. Ancient Rome In the Roman Republic, a proconsul was a Promagistrate (like a Propraetor) who after serving as Consul, spent a year The Roman province of Macedonia was officially established in 146 BC, after the Roman general Quintus Caecilius Metellus defeated Andriscus of Macedon Marcus Licinius Crassus ( Latin: M·LICINIVS·P·F·P·N·CRASSVS (ca The term triumvirate (from Latin, "of three men" is commonly used to describe a political regime dominated by three powerful individuals Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was 29 BC. The region, however, was not organized as a province until the last years of Augustus's reign; in 6 AD, mention is made of its governor, Caecina Severus (Dio Cassius lv. In Ancient Rome, a province (Latin provincia, pl provinciae) was the basic and until the Tetrarchy (circa 29).
Originally one province under an imperial consular legate (who probably also had control of Achaea and Macedonia), it was divided by Domitian into Upper (Superior) and Lower (Inferior, also called Ripa Thracia) Moesia, the western and eastern portions respectively, divided from each other by the river Cebrus (Ciabrus; modern Cibritza or Zibru). A legatus (often anglicized as legate) was a general in the Roman army, equivalent to a modern general officer Achaea (Αχαΐα Achaïa, axaˈia in Polytonic orthography) is an ancient province and a present prefecture of Greece, on the northern Titus Flavius Domitianus (24 October 51 &ndash 18 September 96 commonly known as Domitian, was a Roman Emperor who reigned from 14 September 81 until his death Some, however, place the boundary further west. Each was governed by an imperial consular legate and a procurator.
After the abandonment of Dacia to the Goths by Aurelian (270–275) and the transference of the Roman citizens from the former province to the south of the Danube, the central portion of Moesia took the name of Dacia Aureliani (later divided into Dacia ripensis and interior). Dacia, in ancient geography was the land of the Dacians. It was named by the ancient Hellenes ( Greeks) " Getae " The Goths ( Gothic: Gothic usvg|14px|u]]Gothic asvg|14px|a]]Gothic s Lucius Domitius Aurelianus ( September 9, 214 or 215 &ndashSeptember or October 275 known in English as Aurelian, Roman Emperor (270&ndash275 The district called Dardania (in Upper Moesia), was formed into a special province by Diocletian, with the capital at Naissus or Nissa (modern Niš, Serbia), the birthplace of Constantine I in 272. The Dardani ( Ancient Greek Δαρδάνιοι were a Thraco-Illyrian tribe Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus ( ca. December 22 244 The modern historian Timothy Barnes takes December 22 as his birthdate Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus (27 February ca. 272 &ndash 22 May 337 commonly known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine
Later, Diocletian renamed Moesia Superior (less Dacia Aureliani) as Moesia Prima, and divided Moesia Inferior (less its westernmost portions) into Moesia Secunda and Scythia Minor. Scythia Minor, "Lesser Scythia" (Μικρά Σκυθία Mikrá Skythia) was in ancient times the region surrounded by the Danube at the north and Moesia Secunda's main cities included Marcianopolis (Devnya), Odessus, Nicopolis, Abrittus (Razgrad), Durostorum (Silistra), Transmarisca (Tutrakan), Sexaginta Prista (Ruse) and Novae (Svishtov)ALL in Bulgaria today. Devnya (Девня is a town in Varna Province, located in northeastern Bulgaria 25 km west of Varna. Razgrad (Разград is a city in northeastern Bulgaria and the capital of Razgrad Province, built upon the ruins of the Ancient Roman town of Silistra (Силистра, historically Bulgarian: Дръстър Drastar, ( and Romanian: Dârstor) is a Port city of northeastern Tutrakan ( Bulgarian: Тутракан Romanian: Turtucaia) is a town in northeastern Bulgaria, part of Silistra Province Svishtov (Свищов known as Ziştovi during Ottoman rule is a town in northern Bulgaria located in Veliko Tarnovo Province on the right bank of the As a frontier province, Moesia was strengthened by stations and fortresses erected along the southern bank of the Danube, and a wall was built from Axiopolis to Tomi as a protection against the Scythians and Sarmatians. Fortifications are Military Constructions and Buildings designed for defense in Warfare Humans have constructed defensive works for Constanţa (pronunciation in Romanian: /kon'stanʦa/ historical names Tomis, Κωνστάντια or Constantia, Köstence The Scythians or Scyths (Σκύθες Σκύθοι were an Iranian speaking people of horse-riding Nomadic pastoralists who dominated the Pontic The Sarmatians, Sarmatae or Sauromatae ( Old Iranian Sarumatah 'archer' Σαρμάτες The garrison of Moesia Secunda included Legio I Italica and Legio XI Claudia, as well as independent infantry units, cavalry units, and river flotillas. Legio I Italica (Latin pronuciation prima itálica, the "Italian First" was a Roman legion levied by emperor Nero on Legio XI Claudia Pia Fidelis ( faithful and loyal Claudian legion) was a Roman legion. The Notitia Dignitatum lists its units and their bases as of the 390s CE. The Notitia Dignitatum is a unique document of the Roman imperial chanceries Units in Scythia Minor included Legio I Iovia and Legio II Herculia. Legio I Iovia ( devoted to Jupiter) was a Roman legion, levied by Emperor Diocletian (284-305 possibly together with II ''Herculia'' Legio II Herculia ( devoted to Hercules) was a Roman legion, levied by Emperor Diocletian (284-305 possibly together with I
Since 238, Moesia was constantly invaded or raided by the Carpi, and the Goths, who had already invaded Moesia in 250. The Carpi or Carpians were a Dacian tribe that were originally located on the Eastern slopes of the Carpathian Mountains, in what is now Bacău County Hard pressed by the Huns, the Goths again crossed the Danube during the reign of Valens (376) and with his permission settled in Moesia. The Huns were an early confederation of Central Asian equestrian nomads or semi-nomads with a Turkic core of aristocracy This article is about the Roman Emperor For other people called Valens see Valens Flavius Julius Valens ( Latin: DOMINVS
After their settlement quarrels soon took place, and the Goths under Fritigern defeated Valens in a great battle near Adrianople. Fritigern, or Fritigernus (died ca 380 was a Gothic war-leader whose military victories in the Gothic War (376-382 extracted favourable terms for the The second Battle of Adrianople ( August 9 378) sometimes known as the Battle of Hadrianopolis, was fought between a Roman army led by the These Goths are known as Moeso-Goths, for whom Ulfilas made the Gothic translation of the Bible. Wulfila is also a spider genus ( Anyphaenidae) Wulfila (meaning "little wolf" (ca Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin The Bulgarian under different names Onogurs Kutigurs Honogondurs attack it during all 6th century. In the 7th century, Bulgars founded the Empire of Bulgaria in 681 and the Kingdom of Serbia in 1217. The Bulgars (also Bolgars or proto-Bulgarians) were a seminomadic people probably of Turkic descent originally from Central Asia, Bulgarian Empire (Българско царство Balgarsko tsarstvo ˈʦar The Kingdom of Serbia ( Serbian Cyrillic: Краљевина Србија Serbian Latinica Kraljevina Srbija) was created when Prince Milan Obrenović ruler
The chief towns of Upper Moesia in the Principate were: Singidunum (Belgrade), Viminacium (sometimes called municipium Aelium; modern Kostolac), Remesiana (Bela Palanka), Bononia (Vidin) and Ratiaria (Archar); of Lower Moesia: Oescus (colonia Ulpia, Gigen), Novae (near Svishtov, the chief seat of Theodoric the Great), Nicopolis ad Istrum (Nikup; really near the river Yantra), Marcianopolis (Devnya), Odessus (Varna) and Tomi (Constanţa; to which the poet Ovid was banished). Singidunum was an ancient Roman city first settled by the Celtic Scordisci tribe in the 3rd century BC and later garrisoned and fortified by the Romans Belgrade (Београд Beograd is the Capital and largest city of Serbia. Viminacium was a major city of the Roman province of Moesia (today's Serbia) and the capital of Moesia Superior. Kostolac (Костолац Romanian: Caştelu is a small Serbian town on the Danube river in the Braničevo District. Bela Palanka (Бела Паланка is a town and municipality located in the Pirot District of Serbia. Vidin (Видин is a town on the southern bank of the Danube in northwestern Bulgaria. Oescus, or Palatiolon Palatiolum (in bulgarian Улпия Ескус was an ancient town in Moesia, northwest of the modern Bulgarian city of Pleven, Gigen (Гиген) is a village in northern Bulgaria, part of Gulyantsi municipality Pleven Province. Svishtov (Свищов known as Ziştovi during Ottoman rule is a town in northern Bulgaria located in Veliko Tarnovo Province on the right bank of the Theodoric the Great (454 – August 30, 526) known to the Romans as Flavius Theodoricus, was king of the Ostrogoths (471-526 ruler of Nicopolis ad Istrum was a Roman and Early Byzantine town founded by Emperor Trajan around 101 - 106, at the junction of the Iatrus The Yantra (Янтра is a river in northern Bulgaria, a right tributary of the Danube. Devnya (Девня is a town in Varna Province, located in northeastern Bulgaria 25 km west of Varna. Varna (Варна is the largest city and seaside resort on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, third-largest in Bulgaria after Sofia and Plovdiv Constanţa (pronunciation in Romanian: /kon'stanʦa/ historical names Tomis, Κωνστάντια or Constantia, Köstence Constanţa (pronunciation in Romanian: /kon'stanʦa/ historical names Tomis, Κωνστάντια or Constantia, Köstence Publius Ovidius Naso ( March 20, 43 BC – 17 AD was a Roman poet known to the English -speaking world as Ovid who wrote on many topics including The last two were Greek towns which formed a pentapolis with Istros, Mesembria and Apollonia. Ancient Histria or Istros (Ιστριη Thracian river god, Danube was a Greek colony or polis (πολις city on the Black Sea coast
The area remained part of the Byzantine empire until the 7th century, when it was conquered by the Bulgarian Empire. The First Bulgarian Empire (Първo Българско царство Părvo Bălgarsko Tsarstvo) was a Medieval Bulgarian state founded in AD 632
See also
External links
- (French) Inscriptions of Moesia Superior, University of Belgrade
References
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. This is a list of Roman governors of Lower Moesia ( Moesia Inferior) nowadays located in the modern states of Bulgaria and Romania The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
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